Research on Flax Fiber Reinforced Polylactide Environmental Friendly Composite

Biodegradable polylactide acid （PLA） resin can be combined with flax fibers to produce biodegradable composite materials. In our study, commercial PLA fibers were mixed with flax fibers by a non-woven method so as to make non- woven pre-forms, which can be generated into flax fiber reinforced PLA environmental friendly composites by heat pressing technology. The tensile, flexural and impact properties are tested in order to evaluate the basic physical properties of the composites, and the influenced factors listed as making technology of the pre-forms, weight ratio of flax fibers and heat pressing technology are discussed and optimized, which can be described as weight ratio of flax fibers and PLA fibers is 50/50, heating temperature, time and pressure are respectively 195℃, 20 rain and 12.5 Mpa. Preliminary results show that mechanical properties of the flax/PLA composites are quite promising compared with flax/PP composites in coclrnon commercial automotive use. Scanning electron microscope （SEM） is used to analyze the tensile specimen fracture surfaces, which shows voids and gaps occurring between flax fibers and PLA matrix and sign of fiber pull.out, the strength of flax/PLA interface can be further improved.     

有机包覆对磁性聚乳酸复合材料力学和介电性能的影响

合成了磁性纳米Fe_3O_4粒子,并通过有机包覆制备了磁性复合微球,进而分别以铁粒子和微球为填充相制备了两种磁性聚乳酸复合材料,研究比较了不同复合材料的力学性能、结晶,性能及介电性能,探讨了有机包覆对复合材料微观相态及界面特征的影响.结果发现,有机包覆可提高无机铁粒子与聚合物基体的相容性,使得复合材料的韧性大幅提高,同时有机包覆使得无机粒子与聚乳酸分子之间存在强相互作用,从而减少了界面缺陷,改善了复合材料的介电性能.     

生物医用聚乳酸纤维增强壳聚糖棒材

利用原位沉析法制备了聚乳酸纤维/壳聚糖复合棒材,对复合棒材的微观形貌、力学性能进行了表征.有机聚乳酸纤维和有机壳聚糖基体具有良好的相容性,纤维表面还会因氢键等作用和基体产生物理吸附及一定的分子链缠结,SEM结果表明,纤维与基体间形成了良好的界面作用.复合棒材因聚乳酸纤维的加入有效地提高了弯曲强度和模量.当添加8%(质量分数)11 mm长的纤维时,复合材料弯曲强度达到108.9 MPa,比壳聚糖提高了54.9%,复合棒材弯曲模量达到4.74 GPa,比壳聚糖提高了170.9%.聚乳酸纤维和壳聚糖均具有良好的生物相容性和可降解性,这种复合材料在可吸收内固定材料方面将具有广阔的用途.     

搅拌铸造法制备石墨烯增强铝基复合材料的组织和力学性能研究

石墨烯增强铝基复合材料满足轻量化用材的同时兼具良好的力学性能,是一种极具应用前景的复合材料。通过粉末混合、压坯和热还原,制备了含石墨烯的预制块,并将其作为中间体在搅拌铸造过程中加入,成功制备了石墨烯增强铝基复合材料。通过扫描电子显微镜、拉曼光谱、X射线衍射仪等表征了复合材料的微观组织结构;通过力学性能测试,研究了石墨烯含量对复合材料力学性能的影响。表征结果表明,搅拌铸造法制备的石墨烯增强铝基复合材料中石墨烯结构完整,复合材料的晶粒得到明显细化。拉伸试验表明,石墨烯质量分数为0.4%的铝基复合材料的综合力学性能最佳,抗拉强度、屈服强度和维氏硬度分别较同条件下制备的纯铝提高了55%、47%和63%。断裂机制研究结果表明,随着石墨烯含量的增加,复合材料由韧性断裂转变为脆性断裂。     

Renewable isosorbide-derived poly(phosphoester) for simultaneously enhanced flame-retardancy and mechanical property of polylactide

Incorporating flame retardant fillers is the most efficient way to improve the fire resistance of polylactide (PLA). However, most flame retardant fillers result in deterioration of the mechanical property of PLA so far. Therefore, to create high-performance PLA materials combining excellent flame retardancy with superior mechanical properties remains highly attractive and challenging. In this study, a novel isosorbide-derived poly(phosphoester) (PIDI) was synthesized and used as a bio-based flame-retardant for PLA. The addition of PIDI showed a marginal effect on the change of the glass transition temperature of the PLA composites, but the crystallinity degree of the PLA composites was improved by the inclusion of PIDI. Benefitting from the improved crystallinity, the tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength of PLA composite containing 15 ​wt% PIDI was enhanced by 19.4%, 14.1%, and 36.9%, respectively, compared to the virgin PLA. With the addition of 20 ​wt% PIDI, the PLA composite showed an LOI value of 25.5% and a UL-94 V-0 rating in the vertical burning test. The flame retardant effect of PIDI was also demonstrated by a notable reduction (−46%) in the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of PLA composite containing 20 ​wt% PIDI. Such a renewable isosorbide-derived poly(phosphoester) is one of the promising candidates for PLA bio-composites with an outstanding balance between flame retardancy and intrinsic physical properties.     

冷结晶对杨木纤维/聚乳酸复合材料性能的影响

采用杨木纤维与聚乳酸(PLA)粉末共混压制成一种新型生物质复合材料,以不同升温方式对纯PLA板材及其复合材料进行冷结晶,并通过示差扫描量热仪(DSC)、偏光显微镜(POM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和万能力学试验机等对其进行测试和表征。结果表明:通过冷结晶方法,纯PLA板材和复合材料的结晶度分别由6%和18.3%提高到50%左右,两者的密度和冲击强度没有发生明显变化; 但是复合材料弯曲强度和模量分别下降了约30%和16%,纯PLA板的弯曲强度也有一定程度的下降。通过SEM对复合材料微观结构进行表征,发现力学强度的下降是由于结晶后的PLA基体与木纤维之间的界面相容性变差造成的。通过POM观察冷结晶过程,发现纯PLA板及其复合材料形成大量的微小晶体,导致两者的透明性下降,因此,调控晶体结晶度有望成为改变PLA材料透明性能的新方法。     

FIBRE REINFORCED COMPOSITES BASED ON NOVEL BLEND MATRICES

A series of glass fibre reinforced composites based on novel blend matrices were fabricated us-ing reaction injection moulding (RIM) processing.The blends were made of sub-sequentialinterpenetrating polymer networks of acrylic-polyurea or acrylic-copoly(urea-isocyanurate).Themechanical and thermal properties were characterized by tensile test and dynamic mechanical ana-lysis.The fracture data from single edge notch bend tests were analysed using fracture mechanicsfor the composites to give K_(IC) and G_(IC).The correlation between reaction kinetics and morphologyof the blend and the composite properties were discussed.The investigations showed that the novelblends have good bonding property on glass fibre,thus good processability in RIM,and the re-suited composites have good mechanical and thermal properties.     

Antibac terial and biocom patible properties of vancomycin-loaded nano hydroxyapatite/collag en/poly (lactic acid) bone substitute

Infected bone defects are normally regarded as contraindications for bone grafting.In the present study,an antibacterial bone graft substitute was synthesized by loading vancomycin(VCM) in our previously developed mineralized collagen based composite,nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen/poly(lactic acid)(nHAC/PLA),aiming to repair large size bone defects and inhibit related infections simultaneously.The VCM/nHAC/PLA showed typical porous structure with a porosity of(80.7± 6.7)%and compressive strength of 1.52 MPa.The delivery of VCM from VCM/nHAC/PLA was detected in vitro for up to 4weeks.And their antibacterial properties were determined using inhibition ratio assay and inhibition zone assay.Pretty high level of inhibition ratio(more than 99%) was obtained in VCM/nHAC/PLA group.Additionally,a distinct inhibition zone was clearly formed in Staphylococcus aureus bacterium incubation dish with VCM/nHAC/PLA disc for up to 18 days of incubation.Moreover,both of the nHAC/PLA composites with or without VCM exhibited favorable in vitro and in vivo biocompatibilities for rabbit marrow stromal cells(MSCs) adhesion,spreading,proliferation,and triggering no obvious inflammation responses in subcutaneous implantation.Our results suggested that the VCM/nHAC/PLA performed ideal antibacterial property and biocompatibility and has great promise for the treatment of bone defect-related infections in orthopedic surgeries.     

A study on in vitro and in vivo bioactivity of nano hydroxyapatite/polymer biocomposite

When bioactive materials are implanted in vivo, a bone-like apatite layer can be found on their surfaces, which is critical to the establishment of bone-bonding between materials and living tissues. In this study, bone-like apatite formation in vitro and in vivo on surface of nano apatite/polyamide (n-HA/PA66) composite was investigated, and the interface between the implanted composite and surrounding bone tissue of rabbit were also examined. The results revealed that in both simulated body fluids (SBF) and dorsal muscles of rabbit, bone-like apatite could form on the biocomposite surface. When the samples were implanted in cortical bone, they combined directly with the natural bone without fibrous tissue in-between. The results showed that the n-HA/PA66 biocomposite had excellent bioactivity, which might be a good candidate for bone defect replacement.     

TiC/316L复合材料的致密化和力学性能试验

采用真空烧结法制备出TiC颗粒增强316L不锈钢复合材料.通过对试样进行光学显微分析并测定其相对密度和拉伸性能,研究了增强相含量和模压压力对复合材料的致密化和拉力学性能的影响,并对断口形貌进行分析.结果表明:添加TiC颗粒有利于复合材料的烧结致密化;TiC颗粒的体积分数对复合材料的拉力学性能有较大影响,当TiC的体积分数从0%增加到10%时,复合材料的抗拉强度从543MPa提高到655MPa,而断裂应变却从0.325减至0.052;在较低的模压压力下,提高模压压力有利于复合材料的相对密度、抗拉强度的增加;但过高的模压压力会使试样在烧结后残余封闭孔隙,降低复合材料的塑性性能和抗拉强度.当模压压力为500MPa时,可得到相对密度高、组织致密、增强相颗粒分布均匀、拉伸性能良好的复合材料.     

可降解聚合物抗菌纤维膜的原位制备及性能表征

以二氯甲烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂,以聚乳酸(PLA)为纺丝纤维基体,添加纳米氧化锌(Zn O)和表面活性剂吐温60,利用高压静电纺丝法,原位制备纳米Zn O/PLA复合纤维膜。所得纤维膜中,Zn O分散均匀,纤维平均直径约300 nm,且表面光滑。纺丝纤维的亲水性随着纳米Zn O的增加而大幅提高,断裂强度和延伸率随纳米Zn O含量的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势。抗菌能力也呈现一定的Zn O含量依赖性。细胞毒性和细胞黏附实验表明,该抗菌纤维膜具有较好的细胞相容性。     

仿生增强制备聚乳酸基骨组织工程复合材料

依据仿生原理制备了纳米羟基磷灰石聚乳酸(nHA-PLA)复合的骨框架材料.此复合材料中的主要成分是纳米羟基磷灰石,纳米相的羟基磷灰石就是天然骨中主要的无机相.在保持高孔隙率(90%)的同时,复合材料的抗压性能达到2.07 MPa,高于单纯的聚乳酸框架材料(为0.89 MPa).分离成骨细胞并在三维框架材料上培养,用扫描电镜进行观察,复合材料具有很好的细胞贴附性能.仿生制备的三维纳米羟基磷灰石聚乳酸复合骨框架材料,无论从结构还是性能上,都是骨组织工程中的优选材料之一.     

MDI对聚氨酯／聚乳酸热塑性弹性体的增容作用

以生物材料聚乳酸（PLA）、聚氨酯（PU）弹性体为原料,4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯（MDI）为增容剂,制备了共混型热塑性弹性体（PU／PLA TPV）;研究了MDI对PU／PLA TPV性能的影响。结果显示：MDI能明显提高PU／PLA TPV力学强度,当MDI用量为7份时（PU100,PLA60,DCP3,SA1,均为质量份）,PU／PLA TPV综合性能最佳;MDI可改善PU／PLA TPV耐热性能,并且提高PU的玻璃化转变温度;通过SEM观察,增加MDI用量,PU／PLA TPV试样的断面表现出“脆-韧”转变;通过FTIR分析,MDI上的异氰酸根与PLA的羟基能够发生化学键合反应,使PLA与PU之间的界面张力减小,PU与PLA的相容性提高。     

尼龙纤维增强MDF水泥的力学性能研究

制备了以ＭＤＦ水泥为基体的尼龙纤维增强复合材料并对其力学性能进行了测试,结果表明在ＭＤＦ水泥基体中加入一尼龙纤维可以有效地提高材料的抗冲击性能,当复合材料中尼龙纤维含量为体积分数￣２％时,材料的冲击强度即可达１４．２５ｋＪｍ＾－２,变曲强度８１．２ＭＰａ,并对纤维增韧机理以及断裂特性进行了探讨。     

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Apocynum and Ramie Fiber Mat Reinforced Polylactic Acid Composites

With the increasing awareness of environmental protection and rational utilization of resources, natural fiber reinforced composites have shown broad development prospects. Apocynum fiber, known as the "king of wild fiber", not only has moisture absorption, air permeability, and good mechanical properties but also has many health-related advantages such as antibacterial properties. In this study, four types of needle-punched Apocynum fiber and ramie fiber mat reinforced polylactic acid(PLA) composites were fabricated. Mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were tested and analyzed. The results showed that compared with those of the ramie fiber finish needle-punched mat reinforced composites, the tensile strength and the tensile modulus of Apocynum fiber finish needle-punched mat reinforced composites had increased by 15.3% and 60.1%, respectively. In comparison, the bending strength and the bending modulus were decreased by 21.8% and 7.6%, respectively. Moreover, compared with the Apocynum fiber finish needled-punched mat reinforced composites and the ramie fiber finish needle-punched mat reinforced composites, the Apocynum 50/ramie 50 finish needle-punched mat reinforced composites had the best tensile and bending properties. The after-fracture morphology was detected by a scanning electron microscope(SEM). The thermal properties of the composites were also characterized. It was found that the thermal properties of the four types of composites showed very similar behaviors.     

文冠果壳纤维/高密度聚乙烯复合材料的力学性能

 为了充分拓展文冠果壳在复合材料领域的应用,优化其复合材料的制备工艺,探索力学性能随纤维质量分数的变化规律,采用未处理的纤维作为对比,将文冠果壳纤维表面进行碱、硅烷偶联剂及碱-硅烷偶联剂处理。采用双螺杆挤出机熔融共混与注塑成型的方法,制备文冠果壳纤维/高密度聚乙烯复合材料。考察了制备工艺、纤维质量分数对复合材料拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、弹性模量和冲击强度的影响。研究表明,经过二次双螺杆熔融共混,复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率提高。随着纤维质量分数的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率降低,弹性模量增加,冲击强度呈波浪状变化。复合材料断面上纤维断裂机制和剥落机制并存。     

Enhanced flame-retardant performance of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) composite by using intrinsically phosphorus-containing PLA

The intrinsically phosphorous-containing flame-retardant poly(lactic acid)(P-PLA) was synthesized through the chain extension of L-lactide and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide(DOPO) derivative, then P-PLA was melt blended with neat PLA to produce flame-retardant PLA composite(FR-PLA). The flame-retardant properties of FR-PLAs were investigated by Limiting Oxygen Index(LOI), UL-94, and Cone Calorimeter Tests, the results indicated that the flame-retardant properties of PLA composites were significantly improved with the addition of P-PLA due to its excellent ability to carbonize and dilute combustible gases. The LOI value of FRPLA10 composite(consisting of 90 wt% neat PLA and 10 wt% P-PLA) increased from 20.5 to 27.8 and UL-94 rating reached up to V-1, the peak heat release rate and total heat release of FR-PLA composite were lower than those of neat PLA. The flame-retardant mechanism of FR-PLA depended on both condensed and gaseous phases,which was confirmed by the FTIR, Raman and TG-FTIR. Besides, the tensile strength of FR-PLA10 slightly decreased from 72.4 to 61.8 MPa, which met the requirements of most practical applications. Therefore, the modification method used in this work presented a feasible approach to prepare FR-PLA composite with satisfactory mechanical property.     

PLA/热塑性淀粉和PLA/亚麻纤维可降解复合材料的性能研究

使用熔融共混方法,制备了PLA/热塑性淀粉(PLA/TPS)和PLA/亚麻纤维(PLA/FF)复合材料.研究结果表明,随着热塑性淀粉或者亚麻纤维用量的增加,PLA复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率都有所降低;而PLA的结晶速率呈现显著增大,并且晶粒细化;添加热塑性淀粉或者亚麻纤维,能够增加PLA复合材料的降解速率.     

高应变率下SiCp/Al的断口形貌和变形机制

利用Hopkinson压杆对采用无压浸渗法制备的高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料进行高应变率冲击压缩实验,研究了应变率对复合材料微观断口形貌的影响,分析了其在高应变率下的变形机制.结果表明：强度较高的复合材料有较强的产生变形局部化的倾向;同时,SiC颗粒尺寸对局部化的形成有明显影响,增强相颗粒尺寸较小（100μm）的复合材料更容易产生变形局部化,在高应变率压缩载荷下,无压浸渗高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料在增强相颗粒破裂的同时会出现基体的局部化变形,复合材料的损伤行为与材料中的增强相颗粒尺寸密切相关.     

碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料在爆炸冲击下的微损伤分析

采用光学显微镜和 JEM- 6 30 1F场发射扫描电镜 ,观察了多向编织碳纤维 /环氧树脂复合材料在不同载荷下的断口和微损伤形貌 ,并分析其破坏形式和损伤过程。目的是为复合材料的结构设计和制造提供依据。实验结果表明 :低速加载下断裂过程依赖于应力的传递特性 ,表现为脆断 ,纤维断裂主要是由纤维表面缺陷引起的。在爆炸冲击下 ,试件碎裂区纤维呈现出剪切断裂和脱粘拔出 ,纤维间树脂呈层状或河流状花样 ;爆炸产生的复杂应力将首先择优作用于编织束界面上 ,形成沿束界面扩展的裂纹