北部湾北部潮流谱分析和余流特征研究

【目的】研究北部湾北部的潮流谱和余流特征。【方法】利用1988年10月至1989年8月的涠洲岛附近10m、20m和30m海流观测资料进行谱分析。【结果】无论频率f0或f0,全日潮谱峰都高于半日潮谱峰。其中,主要半日潮周期为12h、12.4h,主要日潮周期分别为23.9h和25.8h。在半日潮和全日潮分量中,顺时针分量是主要的。从余流前进矢量可以看出:冬半年,10m、20m和30m层平均余流矢量方向分别为302°、338°和43°。夏季,10m、20m和30m层平均余流矢量方向分别为246°、298°和292°。【结论】风对1988年10月至1989年2月余流影响明显,但是制约余流运动的主要因素是北部湾北部环流。     

北部湾及广西近海潮流数值模拟

该文采用二维浅水模型模拟分析了北部湾海域潮流系统,并在此基础上建立了广西沿海一、二维耦合水动力模型,模型中考虑了广西沿岸6条主要入海河流对近岸水动力的影响,进一步分析了广西近海海域潮致余流场及其对近海污染物输移扩散的影响。模型潮位计算值和实测值符合良好。结果显示:K1分潮在北部湾口形成一个逆时针旋转潮波系统,M2分潮在湾顶越南海防附近形成逆时针旋转潮波系统,广西近海海域K1分潮占优。广西沿海海域内,离岸较近的海域余流场相对较强,余流速度受浅水效应及湾口等地形缩窄影响而增强;离岸较远海域余流明显减弱,水体交换能力降低。     

Surface pollen assemblages of human-disturbed vegetation and their relationship with vegetation and climate in Northeast China

Pollen assemblages of 53 surface pollen samples from farmlands and wastelands in Northeast China were analyzed. Tree pollen percentages were usually higher than 30%, with Pinus (26.9%), Quercus (0.9%), Betula (0.9%) and Populus (0.7%) as the major types, and herb pollen percentages were usually higher than 50%, with weedy Poaceae (8.7%), Chenopodiaceae (7.1%), Artemisia (1.9%) and Compositae (3.5%) as the major taxa. Thus, the pollen assemblages were consistent with the regional vegetation compositions. However, there were differences in pollen assemblages among regions, especially among different geomorphological units. For example, in the mountains, there were more types of tree pollen and higher total percentages (average 42%) than in other areas, while cereal pollen percentages were lowest (11.2%). In the hills and high plains, herbs made up more than 60% of the pollens, with cereals (average 53.6%) the dominant type. In the low plains, pollen types were similar to those in the hills and high plains, but total pollen concentrations and the proportion of Concentricystes were much higher, while cereal pollen percentages were slightly lower (average 41.6%). Pollen assemblages in different land use types also differed. For example, in farmland, cereal pollen percentages were more than 40% and Chenopodiaceae was usually less than 2.5%, while in wasteland, weedy Poaceae was usually less than 10% and Chenopodiaceae was usually higher than 25%. Total pollen concentrations in farmland (average 3909 grains/g) were much lower than in wasteland (average 15074 grains/g). Redundancy analysis revealed that pollen assemblages were significantly negatively correlated with mean annual temperature (-0.73) and July mean temperature (-0.81) and significantly positively correlated with mean annual precipitation (0.48), indicating that pollen assemblages in the artificial or human-disturbed vegetation reflect regional climate well. Comparison of pollen assemblages in different areas of northern China showed that pollen concentrations reflect the intensities of human impact to some degree. For example, pollen concentrations decrease as human impacts increase in intensity. The cereal pollen proportions in farmland differed by area. In Northeast China, cereal pollen proportions were distinctly higher than in most other areas of northern China, suggesting differences in planting habits and climate.     

Surface pollen assemblages as indicators of human impact in the warm temperate hilly areas of eastern China

Investigation of 78 surface pollen samples from warm temperate hilly areas of eastern China shows that pollen assemblages in areas of different land use are significantly different. Pollen concentrations in wastelands are higher than in plantations; these, in turn, are higher than in farmlands; implying that pollen concentration decreases with increasing human impact. Arboreal pollen dominated by Pinus and Quercus is common in all samples. Herbaceous pollen percentages are higher while shrub pollen, fern spores and fern allies are lower in farmlands than in wastelands. Crop pollen is only detectable in and near farmlands; its percentages and concentrations decrease in wastelands. Cereal and Cruciferae pollen percentages average 16.7% and 6.7% in farmland respectively, but Cereal reduces to less than 3% and Cruciferae to less than 0.5% in nearby wastelands. Principle coordinates analysis and clustering analysis indicate that pollen assemblages from farmlands are distinguishable from those under other vegetation types. Occurrence of Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Artemisia, and Compositae pollen and Selaginella sinensis spores are closely related to human activities, and their types and frequencies indicate intensity of human impact. The spatial distribution of crops, Chenopodiaceae, and Artemisia reflects changes in both natural environments and human activities. Percentages of cereal and Cruciferae pollen, for example, increase with decreasing altitude, but decrease with increasing latitude. Understanding pollen assemblages under artificial and human-disturbed vegetation in hilly areas may aid understanding of human impacts on the plains during the early-middle Holocene.     

Pollen flux and vertical dispersion in coniferous and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest in the Changbai Mountains

The pollen flux in coniferous and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest in the Changbai Mountains is presented in one year's experiments. The results indicate that arboreal pollen percentages are more than 65% and pollen flux is higher than 5000 grain·cm-2·a-1,while less than 2% and lower than 1000 grain·cm-2·a-1 for shrubby pollen,and less than 20% and lower than 3000 grain·cm-1·a-1 for herbaceous pollen for most samples at different heights. The pollen assemblages are similar to those in the samples under 8 m height where Pinus and Ouercus are dominant and followed by the few non-local pollen types,and Fraxinus percentages are high with a few non-local pollen types at 16 m to 32 m height as well as non-local pollen clearly increased at 40 m height. Comparisons between pollen assemblages and vegetation composition suggest that similarities are higher for pollen trap samples than for surface moss samples.     

广西北部湾近岸海域近20年赤潮灾害特征分析

本研究对广西北部湾近岸海域2002-2021年发生的20次赤潮灾害进行综合分析,结果表明：近20年广西近岸海域赤潮平均每年发生1次,发生面积约为384 km²,持续时间为3.65 d,主要集中在春夏季,近10年(2012-2021年)相对前10年(2002-2011年)赤潮发生面积增加(18倍)。引发赤潮的生物种类共有10种,其中次数最多的是球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa),其次是夜光藻(Noctiluca scintillans)、水华微囊藻(Microcystis flos-aquae)和红海束毛藻(Trichodesmium erythraeum),但近10年不断有新的赤潮藻种出现。赤潮发生总数中,有毒或有害赤潮11次,分别为球形棕囊藻4次,夜光藻和水华微囊藻各3次,链状裸甲藻(Gymnodinium catenatum)1次。广西近岸海域赤潮发生的分布范围广,2008年以前主要发生在北海市涠洲岛海域,2008年以后钦州市三娘湾和三墩岛海域、北海市廉州湾及防城港市防城湾陆续开始发生赤潮。通过综合分析近20年北部湾近岸海域赤潮发生和分布的基...     

Discrimination of depositional seasonality of tidal flat sediment in northern Jiangsu Province, China

12 consecutive monthly sediment samples were collected from the tidal flat surface in Dafeng County, Jiangsu province. Palynological analysis of these samples indicates that seasonal palynological features of the tidal flat sediment are distinct and some palynological indices such asspecies percentages of Arboreal and Herbaceous pollen and spore are good indicators for discriminating the depositional seasonality of the tidal flat sediment. Sedimentary sequences formed between 1984 and 1994 were used to verify this method. The result proposes that this method can be applied to muddy flat and the species percentage of arboreal pollen is the best indicator for the seasonality study of the tidal flat sediment.     

海洋工程对钦州湾岸线地形及泥沙冲淤的影响

【目的】海洋工程对海湾港口的冲淤环境有一定的影响,而近20多年来钦州湾海洋工程建设较为频繁。了解该地区地形地貌的变化,可以给海洋开发提供参考。【方法】采用外业调查、资料分析与数值模拟等手段对钦州湾围填海与海洋开发建设引起的岸线变迁、地形改变、泥沙冲淤等问题进行研究。【结果】近20多年来,钦州湾大规模海洋开发活动导致海湾面积明显缩小,岸线变化呈现平顺化趋势,人工岸线逐渐替代自然岸线。钦州湾东部浅滩因填海使得0m等深线被阻断,而10m等深线因东航道扩建得以贯通至湾口。钦州湾的泥沙主要来源于陆相径流、海相输送以及近岸海洋工程建设等几个方面;含沙量分布随季节变化而不尽相同,但总体属低含沙量范畴。数值模拟结果显示,钦州湾总体呈现微冲微淤的稳定态势,但在龙门水道等急流水域,底床冲蚀较为明显。【结论】在钦州湾东部,因大规模围填海建设,导致局部海域的冲淤环境发生显著改变:三墩公路东侧中部的潮滩,由微弱淤积状态转变为明显冲蚀状态,年冲刷量可达0.07m。     

北部湾环流研究述评

针对北部湾环流的季节变化和琼州海峡水体输送的传统观念,根据近20多年的海流、底质、浮游生物的实地调查资料,对众多的研究结果进行对比和评述。认为:从平均态来说,琼州海峡水体输送全年都是从东向西,冬季多于夏季;冬季北部湾环流是气旋式,夏季,北部湾北部环流是气旋式,南部是反气旋式,其中分界线大致在19°30′N处。北部湾存在多处上升流区域,不计越南沿岸,仅靠近我国大陆,就有广西沿海铁山港和北海的上升流区;海南省西部,从八所—莺歌海的上升流区;海南省南部上升流区。虽然,北部湾环流研究已取得长足进步,但是,还存在许多不足之处,如潮汐余流的研究:未能在充分考虑水体边界、实际风场、真实地形、潮汐余流、密度流等诸多要素情况下,计算出北部湾真实环流。     

北部湾入海径流研究展望

北部湾属于大陆架上的一个浅海湾,入海河流众多。每年夏季汛期,流入北部湾的入海径流形成的冲淡水在湾内构成独特的夏季型水文分布特征,给海湾生态环境和动力环境带来巨大影响。然而,北部湾入海径流对广西海域生态系统影响的研究至今仍未引起关注。2015-2017年,课题组针对风对北部湾入海径流扩散的影响展开研究,揭示了一些现象和特征,但对入海径流复杂影响的认识还远远不够,且目前的研究也仅限于广西近海,范围十分有限,得出的结论其代表性显然不足。所以,鉴于北部湾特殊的地理位置,可借助数值模型计算结合具有针对性的观测数据的研究方法,将广西近海与北部湾全海湾联合在一起,深入研究越南红河入海径流与中国广西沿岸入海径流联合作用对北部湾北部生态系统环境的影响,找出影响北部湾北部海域海洋初级生产力高值区形成,以及广西沿海高浓度氮、磷营养水体来源的主要原因,为广西近海良好生态系统的建立提供科学依据。这既是今后广西入海径流研究的方向,更是急需开展研究的新课题。     

Modern pollen-vegetation relationship based on discriminant analysis across an altitudinal transect on Gongga Mountain, eastern Tibetan Plateau

Quantitative relationship between modern pollen assemblage and altitudinal vegetation belt is crucial for the reconstruction of paleovegetation in the mountain regions.Modern pollen analysis on 70 topsoil samples was conducted across an altitudinal transect(1100-4500 m) on the eastern slope of Gongga Mountain in the eastern Tibetan Plateau with an elevation interval of 50 m.Distributions of major pollen types along the transect indicated a weak correlation between Pinus pollen and the elevation.Distributions of Picea and Abies pollen(percentage sum of 2%-8%) could fairly indicate the elevation range of 2700-3700 m,as well as the subalpine dark coniferous forest and the timberline in the region.High percentage intervals of alpine types of Ericaceae,Cupressaceae and Cyperaceae were correlated to the high-elevation regions(3700-4500 m) dominated by alpine shrub meadow and alpine meadow.Seven altitudinal vegetation belts on the eastern slope of Gongga Mountain were well defined by discriminant analysis conducted on the modern pollen assemblages,as reflected by high values of probability of modern analog.Most of the modern pollen assemblages(88.5%) were typical for the vegetation types at their sampling locations.Thus,the relationship between the modern pollen assemblages and vegetation across the altitudinal transect based on discriminant analysis can be applied to the quantitative reconstruction of paleovegetation changes in the mountain regions of the eastern Tibetan Plateau.     

广西北部湾滨海体育旅游开发策略研究

文章从广西北部湾的实际情况出发,分析了当前北部湾滨海体育旅游市场开发的优势、劣势及其存在的威胁,并在此基础上运用RMP分析理论,对广西北部湾滨海体育旅游产品体系的开发进行了较为系统的分析,提出了北部湾滨海体育旅游市场＂加强宏观调控,制定可持续发展的体育旅游远景规划;加大促销宣传力度;积极培育旅行社、体育俱乐部成为体育旅游的市场主体;培养体育旅游人才,尽快完善体育旅游智力支撑＂的开发建议。     

Sediment resuspension in the Lake Taihu, China

The Lake Taihu is a large shallow lake in eastern China, with a surface area of 2338 km2, catchments of 36500 km2 and mean depth of 1.9-2.0 m [1]. It is fre-quently influenced by winds and therefore wind-gen- erated waves. The bottom sediment can be resus…     

广西北部湾河口及海湾沉积物中137Cs含量分析

【目的】了解广西北部湾河口及海湾沉积物中~(137)Cs的含量,为定量研究北部湾沿岸区域土壤侵蚀和堆积状况,以及评价防城港红沙核电站运行对周围环境的影响提供科学依据。【方法】在广西北部湾河口及海湾中采集32个沉积物样品,利用高纯锗γ谱仪测定样品中~(137)Cs的含量,并与周边的背景值进行比较。【结果】在河口、海湾的表层样中,~(137)Cs比活度较低,范围为0.10~5.94Bq/kg,平均值约为1.23Bq/kg。【结论】表层沉积物中,~(137)Cs含量相对陆地含量要低,主要原因可能是沉积物样品中含沙量大,~(137)Cs吸附量相对较少导致。同时,自然因素和人为活动对~(137)Cs在河口及海湾沉积物中的再分配起重要作用。     

近300年来岱海流域气候干湿变化与人类活动的湖泊响应

根据岱海60cm柱状岩芯的磁化率、孢粉、粒度等环境指标的分析结果,对历史时期岱海气候干湿变化和人类活动的湖泊记录进行探讨,岱海湖泊沉积记录近300年来的气候干湿变化可划分七个阶段,与历史记载有较好的一致性;频率磁化率高值段对应气候偏湿阶段,低值对应气候偏干阶段,人类活动特别是人口增加和土地开垦,加剧流域水土流失,导致湖泊沉积物中细颗粒组分增加,频率磁化率升高;孢粉Ulmus的变化受流域人口增加的影响。频率磁化率和孢粉是反映岱海历史时期干湿变化和人类活动的重要环境指标。     

Pollen assemblage characteristics of lakes in the monsoon fringe area of China

This paper presents the pollen assemblages from 108 surface sediment samples from 4 lakes （the Lake Daihai, Lake Hongjiannao, Lake Hulunnao and Lake Duikounao） in the monsoon fringe area of China. The herb pollen taxa Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Poaceae and Compositae are the major components of pollen assemblages of the 4 lakes and Pinus, Betula, Quercus, Ulmus, Populus, Ostryopsis and Elaeagnaceae are frequently presented, which reflect regional and local vegetation well. The mean similarity coefficients for samples from the Lake Daihai, Lake Hongjiannao, Lake Hulunnao and Lake Duikounao are 0.66±0.17, 0.71±0.11,0.73±0.12 and 0.67±0.12 respectively, so pollen assemblages are relatively consistent in each lake, which shows that focusing and mixing effects have occurred before and after pollen deposition. However, pollen assemblages do differ between sampling sites in each lake. The largest difference is seen in the Lake Daihai, followed by the Lake Duikounao, Lake Hulunnao and Lake Hongjiannao （The mean Euclidean distance is 20.09 ± 11.11, 11.22 ± 3.64, 10.67 ± 4.03 and 8.44 ± 4.51 respectively）. These differences are possibly caused by the differences of focusing and mixing effects, pollen source areas, drainage areas and regional vegetation compositions. The Lake Daihai and Lake Hongjiannao have water deeper than 5 m and strong re-suspension, focusing and mixing effects occur in the lakeshore and shallow water areas, where pollen concentrations are lower than in deeper lake areas. In the Lake Hulunnao and Lake Duikounao, with depths less than 5 m, re-suspension and mixing effects are obvious across the whole lake area, so pollen assemblages and pollen concentrations are more consistent among sampling sites in each lake. Comparison between the lake samples and samples from the inflowing river reveals that wind is primary pollen transportation force in the Lake Hongjiannao, where the consistency of pollen assemblage is conspicuous, while there is greater variation in lakes where pollen input is do     

北部湾的水产资源与广西海洋捕捞生产的前景

北部湾是著名的渔场,湾内鱼虾种类繁多、资源丰富。广西沿海地处北部湾,发展渔业生产得天独厚,但长期以来捕捞生产大部分都在近海作业,捕捞强度过大;今后要充分利用北部湾丰富的中上层鱼类资源和湾西部公海渔区的鱼类资源,并向湾口及外海发展,进一步发展广西海洋捕捞生产。     

北部湾海洋环流研究进展

20世纪60年代初中越合作开展的北部湾海洋综合调查,分析北部湾潮汐和潮流运动,标志着北部湾物理海洋学研究工作的开始。此后的一些调查,例如1964—1971年中国科学院南海海洋研究所等利用投放大量漂流瓶来研究北部湾表层海流的试验、1980—1986年全国海岸带和海涂资源综合调查、1988—1995年全国海岛资源综合调查等,令人们对北部湾环流结构有了进一步认识。最近20年,不少学者通过调查资料和数值模拟方法分析北部湾季节性环流结构后得到与以往研究调查相反的观点。本文回顾近年来北部湾海洋环流研究的主要进展,阐述利用调查资料、数值计算等不同研究手段获得的对北部湾环流分布的整体认识,以及在环流结构方面存在的不同观点,进而介绍北部湾环流尤其是北部环流机制的一些新进展。以前的研究多认为北部湾环流主要受风场控制,夏季为反气旋式环流,冬季则为气旋式环流,然而近年研究发现北部湾夏季也为气旋式环流;也有人认为北部湾北部被气旋式环流控制,但南部环流呈反气旋式;在形成机制上,北部湾环流受地形、风、外海水、海水密度分布及河流冲淡水注入等影响呈现复杂的态势;风对北部湾北部环流形成有影响但不起主导作用;琼州海峡东部水进入北部湾对广西沿海气旋式环流的形成有着重要的影响。北部湾海洋环流与海域物质输运扩散密切相关,依托更精细化的数值计算手段,结合动力场探究近海海洋环境污染净化及生态平衡问题,是今后的重要发展趋势之一。     

广西北部湾生态系统构成与格局及其变化评估

采用面向对象的遥感影像解译方法和空间统计分析技术,获取2000、2005和2010年广西北部湾生态系统动态变化信息,深入分析北部湾生态系统类型构成与格局变化特点和演变规律,评估北部湾经济区的生态环境状况,结果表明:北部湾经济区生态系统主要以森林生态系统为主。所有生态系统中,研究期间森林、农田和城镇面积持续增加,而灌丛、草地、湿地反之;草地面积变化率较大;草地转为森林、灌丛转为森林和森林转为农田较为突出;土地覆被转换指数(LCCI)转化强度值反应出北部湾生态系统土地覆被整体转好;而斑块数(NP)、平均斑块面积(MPS)、边界密度(ED)和蔓延度(CONTAG)等指标变化,表明北部湾生态系统的景观异质性、景观的破碎度呈降低的趋势。     

High-resolution climate change in mid-late Holocene on Tianchi Lake,Liupan Mountain in the Loess Plateau in central China and its significance

According to a core from Tianchi Lake, Liupan Mountain in Loess Plateau sediment, fossil pollen assemblages, magnetic suscep-tibility (MS) and color scale were measured based on reliable Abies leaf macrofossils radiocarbon chronology. We recovered a very good high-resolution mid-late Holocene climate change achieve for the transition area of the East Asia monsoon region and northwest arid region. The results show that the basic climate background was in agreement with the records from cave records in monsoon regions in eastern China. Besides, it shows more detailed records in abrupt climate change.