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1.
The phylogenetic relationships within the genus Takifugu Abe, 1949 (Tetraodontiformes, Tetraodontidae) remain unresolved. Because of the use of Takifugu as model organisms, the resolution of these relationships is crucial for the interpretation of evolutionary trends in biology. Pufferfishes of this genus are comprised of a comparatively small number of species and are mainly distributed along the coastal region of the western part of the Sea of Japan and the coastline of China. Mitochondrial gene sequences were employed to test the phylogenetic hypotheses within the genus. Seventeen species of the genus were examined. Molecular phylogenetic trees were constructed using the maximum parsi- mony, neighbor-joining, maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. Our hypothesis of internal relationships within the genus differs from previous hypotheses. Our results indicate that (1) the genus Takifugu is a monophyletic assemblage; (2) the genus is divided into 6 subgroups based on the moecular data; and (3) there is low genetic diversity among the species within this genus. In addition, speciation within Takifugu appears to be driven by hybridization and isolation by distribution. Our results also suggested that the taxonomy in the genus should be clarified based on both molecular and morphological data.  相似文献   

2.
The genus Sinocyclocheilus is distributed in Yun-Gui Plateau and its surrounding region only, within more than 10 cave species showing different degrees of degeneration of eyes and pigmentation with wonderful adaptations. To present, published morphological and molecular phylogenetic hypotheses of Sinocyclocheilus from prior works are very different and the relationships within the genus are still far from clear. We obtained the sequences of cytochrome b (cyt b) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4) of 34 species within Sinocyclocheilus, which represent the most dense taxon sampling to date. We performed Bayesian mixed models analyses with this data set. Under this phylogenetic framework, we estimated the divergence times of recovered clades using different methods under relaxed mo-lecular clock. Our phyloegentic results supported the monophyly of Sinocyclocheilus and showed that this genus could be subdivided into 6 major clades. In addition, an earlier finding demonstrating the polyphyletic of cave species and the most basal position of S. jii was corroborated. Relaxed diver-gence-time estimation suggested that Sinocyclocheilus originated at the late Miocene, about 11 million years ago (Ma), which is older than what have been assumed.  相似文献   

3.
The genus Sinocyclocheilus is distributed in Yun-Gui Plateau and its surrounding region only, within more than 10 cave species showing different degrees of degeneration of eyes and pigmentaUon with wonderful adaptations. To present, published morphological and molecular phylogenetic hypotheses of Slnocyclocheilus from prior works are very different and the relationships within the genus are still far from clear. We obtained the sequences of cytochrome b (cyt b) and NADH dehydrogenase subunlt 4 (ND4) of 34 species within Sinocyclocheilus, which represent the most dense taxon sampling to date. We performed Bayesian mixed models analyses with this data set. Under this phylogenetic framework, we estimated the divergence times of recovered clades using different methods under relaxed molecular clock. Our phyloegentic results supported the monophyly of Sinocyclocheilus and showed that this genus could be subdivided into 6 major clades. In addition, an earlier finding demonstrating the polyphyletlc of cave species and the most basal position of S. jii was corroborated. Relaxed divergence-time estimation suggested that Sinocyclocheilus originated at the late Miocene, about 11 million years ago (Ma), which is older than what have been assumed.  相似文献   

4.
The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (CO1) gene and the nuclear elongation factor 1 α(EF-1α) gene were sequenced from 29 species of Nymphalidae (Nymphalidae, Lepidoptera). Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the sequences determined from the 29 species and sequences of other 36 species deposited in GenBank using the neighbor-joining (NJ), maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian methods with Libythea celtis (Libytheinae) as the outgroup. Our phylogenetic trees indicated four major clades. Clade A includes three subfamilies: Apaturinae, Nymphalinae, and Limenitidinae, excluding the tribe Limenitidini; Clade B includes the subfamilies Heliconiinae and the tribe Limenitidini; Clade C includes Satyrinae, Calinaginae, Charaxinae and Morphinae; and Clade D includes subfamily Danainae. Our study suggested that the tribes Pseudergolini, Biblidini, Limenitidini and Cyrestidini should be considered as subfamilies and confirmed the interspecific relationships within the subfamily Pseudergolinae, namely Amnosia +(Pseudergolis + (Stibochiona + Dichorragia)). We then mapped three morphological characters (spot of anal angle, eyespots, and process from outer margin of hind wing) onto the phylogenetic tree constructed by ML analysis using the combined sequence data. Based on this the evolutionary patterns of these morphological characters were identified, they indicated that the three characters evolved repeatedly in the family Nymphalidae.  相似文献   

5.
使用线粒体基因COⅠ,COⅡ,Cytb分析并建立中国斑腿蝗科部分种属的系统发育关系,其中对7个新种(Apalacris eminifronta,Caryanda pseudodentata,Caryanda bannaensis,Caryanda ruiliensis,Longchuanacris fui,Longchuanacris xiaoheis-hanensis,Podismodes dabieshanensis)的归属从分子角度也做了讨论。本研究将实验所获得的56条序列与NCBI中所收录的斑腿蝗科序列进行联合分析,采用最大似然法、贝叶斯推论等系统分析方法并综合P距离进行分析,最终得出以下几点结论:①龙川蝗属Longchuanaceis Zheng et Fu划归卵翅蝗亚科Caryandinae;②蹦蝗属Sinopodisma Chang、云秃蝗属Yunnanacris Chang均为华秃蝗属Podismodes Ramme的同物异名;③不支持Storozhenko将豫蝗属Yupodisma Zhang et Xia并入安秃蝗属AnapodismaDovnar-Zapolskii,从本研究所建的系统发育树来看,豫蝗属仍应作为秃蝗亚科Podisminae的一个独立属;④前人利用形态特征鉴定的七个新种与分子系统发育分析结果一致,新种独立有效。  相似文献   

6.
The systematically poorly known ciliate genus Condylostoma was erected by Vincent in 1826. About 10 morphotypes have been reported, but any molecular investigations concerning this group so far are lacking. In this work, the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SS rRNA) gene of three marine Condylostoma species was sequenced, by which the phylogenetic trees were constructed by distancematrix, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods. The results show that (1) all the trees have similar topologies with high supports; (2) Condylostoma is mostly related to the genus Condylostentor; and (3) three Condylostoma species as well as Condylostentor auriculatus cluster together and form a sister group with other heterotrichs. This is moderately consistent with the assessment of phylogenetic relationships of Condylostoma-related heterotrichs from the morphological information. The phylogenetic relationship of some other related heterotrichs, Peritromus, Folliculina, Stentor and Blepharisma, has been also discussed.  相似文献   

7.
The systematically poorly known ciliate genus Conadylostoma was erected by Vincent in 1826.About 10 morphotypes have been reported,but any molecular investigations concerning this group SO far are lacking.In this work,the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SS rRNA)gene of three marine Conaylostoma species was sequenced,by which the phylogenetic trees were constructed by distance-matrix,maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods.The results show that(1)all the trees have similar topologies with high supports;(2)Condylostoma is mostly related to the genus Condylostentor;and(3)three Condylostoma species as well as Conadylostentor auriculatus cluster together and form a sister group with other heterotrichs.This is moderately consistent with the assessment of phylo-genetic relationships of Conaylostoma-related heterotrichs from the morphological information.The phylogenetic relationship of some other related heterotrichs,Peritromus,Fotlictllina,Stentor and Blepharisma,has been also discussed.  相似文献   

8.
嵩草属(Kobresia Willd.)植物由于其形态结构的多样性及种内变异式样的复杂性,至今仍被认为是分类学上的"困难属".因此,对于该属系统学其他方面的证据,尤其分子方面的研究则显得极为重要和迫切.本文选用21个RAPD随机引物调查了15种嵩草属植物的遗传关系.结果表明:15种嵩草属植物聚为3类,认为嵩草组和异穗嵩草组的建立是比较自然的,而单穗嵩草组的划分并不自然.此外,分子结论并不支持前人发表的K.maquensis为独立新种,建议降为K.setschwanensis的异名.  相似文献   

9.
基于线粒体ND4基因探讨水龟组系统发生关系   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
水龟组由旧大陆潮龟科的拟水龟属、眼斑龟属和新大陆龟科的水龟属组成,这三个属以前一直被认为是同属的,但没有得到形态学和染色体等方面的认同.本文测定了四眼斑水龟和黄喉拟水龟线粒体基因组的ND4基因,用部分ND4基因及相邻tRNA基因共985bp的序列(包含简约信息位点235bp)讨论了它们的系统进化关系.MP树和ML树显示:在水龟属中,牟氏水龟和木雕水龟亲缘关系最近,与星点水龟亲缘关系次之,石纹水龟位于水龟属的基部,与水龟属其它物种的亲缘关系较远.拟水龟属与眼斑龟属在潮龟科是姐妹群关系,但与龟科水电属亲缘关系较远.本文结果支持潮龟科和龟科的单系起源,二者为非姐妹群.  相似文献   

10.
测定了鱼巴亚科云南光唇鱼(Acrossocheilus yunnanensis)、宽头四须鱼巴(Barbodes laticeps)、抚仙金线鱼巴(Sinocyclocheilus tingi)和滇池金线鱼巴(Sinocyclocheilus grahami)4种鱼类线粒体细胞色素b基因DNA序列402bp,结合已知的云南倒刺鱼巴(Spinibarb denticulatus yunnanensis)和细尾长臀鱼巴(Mystacoleucus lepturus)的同源序列,组成1个6种代表鱼巴亚科5属鱼类的数据集.选用已知的云南鲴(Xenocypris yunnanensis)作为外群,采用邻接法、最大简约法和最大似然法构建了分子系统树.结果显示:倒刺鱼巴属(Spinibarbus)和光唇鱼属(Acrossocheilus)有较近的亲缘关系,四须鱼巴属(Barbodes)和长臀鱼巴属(Mystacoleucus)有较近的亲缘关系,而金线鱼巴属(Sinocyclocheilus)和它们的关系不能确定.上述结果与它们的地理分布基本吻合.    相似文献   

11.
测定了鳃金龟亚科部分种类的线粒体16SrRNA部分序列,运用MEGA 4.0、PAUP*4.0b10和MrBayes等软件,对5个族29个代表种的序列变异和系统关系进行了研究.序列变异分析结果显示:绢金龟族Sericini、哦鳃金龟族Hopliini、鳃金龟族Melolonthini的族内遗传距离分别为7.7%,11.3%,10.6%,族间遗传距离在12.6%~19.2%.最大似然树(ML)和贝叶斯树(BI)结果表明,所有种类分别聚集在所属的族下,哦鳃金龟族、绢金龟族分别为单系.齿爪鳃金龟属Holotrichia、云鳃金龟属Polyphylla、胸突鳃金龟属Hoplosternus、Hilyotrogus、双绺鳃金龟属Amphimallon、Hoplochelus、婆鳃金龟属Brahmina和皱鳃金龟属Trematodes聚在鳃金龟族分支下,没有形成明显的根鳃金龟族Rhizotrogini分支.齿爪鳃金龟属的非单系性与前人研究结果一致.皱鳃金龟属Trematodes和婆鳃金龟属Brahmina的代表种为姐妹种.绢金龟族的绢金龟属Serica和玛绢金龟属Maladera多数种类聚在本属分支下.证明16SrRNA序列可探讨鳃金龟亚科高级阶元的系统发育关系.  相似文献   

12.
The family Cyprinidae is one of the largest fish families in the world, which is widely distributed in East Asian, with obvious difference in characteristic size among species. The phylogeneUc analysis of cyprinid taxa based on the functionally important genes can help to understand the speciation and functional divergence of the Cyprinidae. The c-myc gene is an important gene regulating individual growth. In the present study, the sequence variations of the cyprinid c-myc gene and their phylogenetic significance were analyzed. The 41 complete sequences of the c-myc gene were obtained from cyprinids and outgroups through PCR amplification and clone. The coding DNA sequences of the c-myc gene were used to infer molecular phylogenetic relationships within the Cyprinidae. Myxocyprinus asiaticus (Catostomidae), Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (CobiUdae) and Hemimyzon sinensis (Homalopteridae) were assigned to the outgroup taxa. Phylogenetic analyses using maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML), and Bayesian retrieved similar topology. Within the Cyprinidae, Leuciscini and Barbini formed the monophyletic lineage respectively with high nodal supports. Leuciscini comprises Xenocyprinae, CuItrinae, East Asian species of Leuciscinae and Danioninae, Gobioninae and Acheilognathinae, and Barbini contains Schizothoracinae, Barbinae, Cyprininae and Labeoninae. Danio rerio, D. myersi and Rasbora trilineata were supposed to separate from Leuciscinae and Barbini and to form another lineage. The positions of some Danioninae species were still unresolved. Analyses of both amino acid variation with parsimony information and two high variation regions indicated that there is no correlation between variations of single amino acid or high variation regions and characteristic size of cyprinids. In addition, the species with smaller size were usually found to be basal within clades in the tree, which might be the results of the adaptation to the primitive ecology and survival pressure.  相似文献   

13.
采用RAPD和SSRP-PCR技术分析雏蝗属(Chorth ippus F ieber)白纹雏蝗(C.a lbonem us Cheng et T u)、夏氏雏蝗(C.hsia i Cheng et T u)、小翅雏蝗(C.f a llax(Zub.))和北方雏蝗(C.hamm arstroem i(M ir.))的遗传关系,9条引物对98头个体产生131条清晰、稳定的谱带.Shannon信息指数表明,小翅雏蝗遗传多样性水平较高(0.2542),白纹雏蝗遗传多样性水平较低(0.1911).N e i's遗传距离显示,种群间遗传距离小于种间遗传距离.用N J法对N e i's遗传距离作聚类分析,构建分子系统树,结果显示:白纹雏蝗与夏氏雏蝗聚为一支,小翅雏蝗与北方雏蝗聚为一支,两支再相聚.聚类图所显示的种间亲缘关系的远近程度与形态分类学结果相一致,说明RAPD和SSRP-PCR技术在雏蝗属种间分子系统学研究中具有很好的适用性.  相似文献   

14.
 测定了鱼巴亚科云南光唇鱼(Acrossocheilus yunnanensis)、宽头四须鱼巴(Barbodes laticeps)、抚仙金线鱼巴(Sinocyclocheilus tingi)和滇池金线鱼巴(Sinocyclocheilus grahami)4种鱼类线粒体细胞色素b基因DNA序列402bp,结合已知的云南倒刺鱼巴(Spinibarb denticulatus yunnanensis)和细尾长臀鱼巴(Mystacoleucus lepturus)的同源序列,组成1个6种代表鱼巴亚科5属鱼类的数据集.选用已知的云南鲴(Xenocypris yunnanensis)作为外群,采用邻接法、最大简约法和最大似然法构建了分子系统树.结果显示:倒刺鱼巴属(Spinibarbus)和光唇鱼属(Acrossocheilus)有较近的亲缘关系,四须鱼巴属(Barbodes)和长臀鱼巴属(Mystacoleucus)有较近的亲缘关系,而金线鱼巴属(Sinocyclocheilus)和它们的关系不能确定.上述结果与它们的地理分布基本吻合.  相似文献   

15.
Asian origin for Polystichum (Dryopteridaceae) based on rbcL sequences   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6  
Chloroplast rbcL sequences of 60 species of Polystichum sensu lato (s.l.), including 23 new sequences from southwest China, were used to assess the phylogenetic relationships within the genus. On the basis of estimated evolution rate of rbcL gene and the genetic distance data that passed relative-rate tests, we further estimated the divergence times between some clades of the genus. The phylogenetic relationships were inferred using the neighbor-joining and maximum-parsimony methods, both methods producing trees with completely congruent topology. These trees reveal that all species of Polystichum s.l. in this study (including Cyrtomium and Cyrtomidictyum) form a monophyletic group. The basal split in Polystichum s.l. separates a clade with all Asian members from a clade containing other species from all over the world. The phylogenetic and divergence time estimation results lead us to suggest that Polystichum s.l. originated in Asia in the late Late Cretacous (≈76 Ma) and migrated into other places in the world in early Eocene(≈46 Ma).  相似文献   

16.
The chloroplast genes matK and rbcL, ribosomal gene 18S and ITS regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA from Ephedra rhytidosperma, a species endemic to China, were sequenced and its phylogenetic position was investigated. Independent and combined phylogenetic analyses for the DNA sequences from 16 taxa representing 15 species of the genus Ephedra were performed using the maximum parsimony (MP), neighbor-joining (N J), minimum evolution (ME) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods. The results indicate that E. rhytidosperma is closely related to E. equisetina. The divergence time between them is estimated to be 10.85±2.44 Ma based on the results of the relative-rate tests and the evolutionary rate of rbcL gene.  相似文献   

17.
以木灵藓科21属33种植物为内类群,以缩叶藓科(Ptycomitriaceae)、虎尾藓科(Hedwigiaceae)、树生藓科(Erpodiaceae)、蕨藓科(Pterobryaceae)、平藓科(Neckeriaceae)、蔓藓科(Meteoriaceae)、刺果藓科(Symphyodontaceae)、油藓科(Hookeriaceae)、灰藓科(Hypnaceae)和金发藓科(Poltrichaceae)为外类群,以NADH脱氢酶亚基〖STBX〗5〖STB3〗基因、叶绿体rbcL基因和tRNA-Leu基因为分析指标,从Genbank获得它们的碱基序列,通过Clustalx对碱基比对,使用Winclada 软件对木灵藓科植物进行了分支系统学分析.结果显示: (1) 木灵藓科是一个明确的单系类群;(2) 支持将木灵藓科分为两个亚科: 木灵藓亚科(Orthotrichoideae)和蓑藓亚科(Macromitrioideae);(3) 马他属(Bryomaltaea)归为蓑藓亚科为宜.  相似文献   

18.
The phylogenetic relationship among tintinnid ciliates are relatively poorly studied based on molecular data. In the present work, seven species belonging to five genera of the order Tintinnida (Amphorellopsis acuta, Codonellopsis nipponica, Favella taraikaensis, Stenosemella nivalis, Tintinnopsis beroidea, Tintinnopsis cylindrica and Tintinnopsis lohmanni) were analyzed using the information on their small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using Bayesian inference (BI), maximum parsimony (MP), neighbor-joining (NJ), and least-squares (LS) methods. Generally, similar topologies were revealed with high or moderate supports, in which the main results show that (1) all tintinnids analyzed belong to a single assemblage; (2) congeners in Tintinnopsis do not cluster together, which indicates that the lorica-based definition for this genus is not consistent with the SSU rRNA phylogeny; (3) A. acuta groups with Tintinnidium mucicola but not with Eutintinnus, indicating that the traditional family Tintinnidae might be a paraphyletic group; (4) Stenosemella and Codonellopsis are clearly most related and possibly even merged into one genus regarding their similar morphology and molecular analyses, and possession of a hyaline collar is the only characteristic of the genus.  相似文献   

19.
We recovered the phylogenetic relationships among 23 species and subspecies of the highly special-ized grade schizothoracine fishes distributing at 36 geographical sites in the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding regions by analyzing sequences of cytochrome b genes. Furthermore, we estimated the possible divergent times among lineages based on a historical geological isolation event in the Tibetan Plateau. The molecular data revealed that the highly specialized grade schizothoracine fishes were not a monophyletic group, but were the same as genera Gymnocypris and Schizogypsis. Our results indi-cated that the molecular phylogenetic relationships apparently reflected their geographical and historical associations with drainages, namely species from the same and adjacent drainages clustered together and had close relationships. The divergence times of different lineages were well consistent with the rapid uplift phases of the Tibetan Plateau in the late Cenozoic, suggesting that the origin and evolution of schizothoracine fishes were strongly influenced by environment changes resulting from the upheaval of the Tibetan Plateau.  相似文献   

20.
The chloroplast gene matK and the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA from Schnabelia, a genus endemic to China, and 6 genera of Verbenaceae and 13 genera of Lamiaceae were sequenced. The phylogenetic signal and validity outgroups were measured and evaluated by means of the relatively apparent synapomorphy analysis (RASA). Independent and combined phylogenetic analyses for the matK and ITS sequences were performed using the maximum parsimony (MP), neighbor-joining (NJ) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods, indicating that Schnabelia oligophylla and Caryopteris terniflora form a sister-group relationship. The Caryopteris complex is not shown to be a monophyly because Trichostema, C. paniculata and C. forrestii are paraphyletic to the clade containing the remaining members of the complex. A monophyly of Ajugoideae proposed by Cantino et al., including 8 genera in this study, is strongly supported and the closest relatives of Schnabelia are in the Ajugoideae (Lamiaceae), especially near Caryopteris terniflora. The polygenetic analyses also showed that the genera of Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae sampled in this tudy are phylogenetically mixed and the genus Avicennia is distant to other genera of Verbenaceae. RASA and combined analysis can be used as effective approaches to determining the relationships among phylogenetically complex groups.  相似文献   

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