凝胶渗透色谱-固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定油脂及油炸食品中的酚类抗氧化剂

建立了使用凝胶渗透色谱-固相萃取-高效液相色谱(GPC-SPE-HPLC)测定油脂及油炸食品中的4种常见酚类抗氧化剂没食子酸丙酯(PG)、叔丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)、叔丁基对羟基茴香醚(BHA)和二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)的方法.试样经乙酸乙酯-环己烷(V(乙酸乙酯)∶V(环已烷)=1∶1)和乙腈漩涡振荡萃取,凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)和HLB固相萃取柱净化,以乙腈-体积分数为0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相,以BDS HYPERSIL C18柱作为分离柱,在检测波长280nm下用紫外检测器检测.方法的检出限为0.6～1.0mg/kg(油脂样品)和0.3～0.5mg/kg(油炸样品),定量限为2～3mg/kg(油脂样品)和1～1.7mg/kg(油炸样品),线性相关系数r>0.998,平均回收率为80.3%～94.0%(油脂样品)和80.3%～93.4%(油炸样品);相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.22%～8.80%(油脂样品)和2.74%～9.62%(油炸样品).该方法选择性好,灵敏度高,检出限低,能够成功地应用于油脂及油炸食品中4种常见酚类抗氧化剂的检测.     

高效液相色谱法检测鸡蛋中的三聚氰胺

建立了高效液相色谱法检测鸡蛋中三聚氰胺的方法。样品用1%三氯乙酸和2.2%乙酸铅超声提取。色谱柱为HypersilODS100×4.6mm,5μm;流动相为乙腈:辛烷磺酸钠离子对试剂(pH=3)=15:85(V/V);流速为1mL/min;检测波长为210nm;柱温为40℃。三聚氰胺在0.2μg/mL～10μg/mL范围内,有良好的线性关系。在空白样品中添加0.2μg/mL、0.4μg/mL、1.0μg/mL三个质量浓度的标准工作液,回收率在82.0%～104.0%,相对标准偏差为6.81%(n=9)。     

SPE-HPLC测定土霉素菌渣中土霉素的残留效价

使用固相萃取-高效液相色谱法检测土霉素菌渣中土霉素的残留效价,样品用甲醇/冰乙酸/0.5mol/L Na Cl(V/V/V=5/4/2)提取,经Waters Sep-Pak C18固相萃取柱净化,用高效液相色谱仪进行检测.色谱柱为C18柱,流动相为乙腈:0.02 mol/L磷酸二氢钠缓冲溶液(p H=2.5,1 L溶液含0.48g Na2EDTA)25∶75(V∶V),检测波长为354 nm,流速为1.0 m L/min,进样量为10μL,柱温为30°C.结果表明,土霉素的方法检出限为0.032 mg/L,在不同加标量(1、2、5 mg/kg)下,回收率可达89.2%~97.4%,相对标准偏差为1.6%~2.4%(n=6),标准曲线的线性关系良好.该方法操作方便,灵敏度高且检测成本较低,可广泛用于土霉素菌渣的检测,并且为土霉素菌渣资源化提供基础数据.     

自动索氏提取-高效液相色谱法同时测定油炸面制品中的16种多环芳烃

采用自动索氏提取法以丙酮:正己烷(1 : 1)混合溶液提取油炸面制品中的乡环芳烃(PAHs),以硅胶固相萃取柱净化,二氯甲烷:正己烷(5:6)洗脱,建立了同时测定油炸面制品中16种PAHs的高效液相色谱-紫外和荧光检测器测定方法.实验结果,在50μg/kg添加水平,PAHs各化合物的回收率为92.5%～106.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于3.21%.16种PAHs化合物检出限为0.8μg/kg～40μg/kg.该方法简便、快速、可同时检测油炸面制品中16种PAHs.     

苹果中绿原酸含量的HPLC法测定

建立了高效液相色谱法对苹果中绿原酸含量的测定方法,采用AichromBond-1AQ C18色谱柱(150×4.6mm,5μm),流动相:0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈(92:8,V/V),流速0.8mL/min,检测波长:323nm。结果显示:绿原酸在浓度为0.268-67μg/mL范围内,线性关系良好(Y=38286X-4391.2,r=0.9991),检测限为0.804ng,定量限为2.68ng;精密度(RSD)为1.67%,平均回收率为101.7%～103.6%;经测定几种苹果果皮和果肉中绿原酸的含量分别在20.32～45.98μg/g和63.47～114.32μg/g。因此,本法简便,结果准确,可作为苹果中绿原酸含量研究的良好方法。     

超高效液相色谱测定肉制品中的罗丹明B、孔雀石绿和结晶紫及其代谢物残留

提出了一种以超高效液相色谱同时检测肉制品中5种违禁合成色素的新方法.以甲醇-水(V(甲醇)∶V(水)=95∶5)作为提取剂,样品在80℃经微波辅助萃取5min,继以C18固相萃取柱净化,使用ACQUITY BEH C18分析柱,以乙腈-20mmol/L乙酸铵缓冲溶液(V(乙腈)∶V(乙酸铵)=80∶20,pH=5)作流动相,实现了5种色素的有效分离.在0.1～5.0μg/mL内,校准曲线呈良好的线性,相关系数r为0.994 5～0.999 5.该方法测定肉制品中罗丹明B、孔雀石绿、结晶紫、隐性孔雀石绿和隐性结晶紫的定量限分别为4.23,1.83,1.61,1.96,1.95μg/kg.对加标50μg/kg的牛肉香肠日内测定6次,5种分析物的精密度(以RSD表示)优于9.2%.在25μg/kg和75μg/kg添加水平,平均回收率为78.01%～109.2%,相对标准偏差小于10%.实验结果表明:该方法具有快速、灵敏和准确等优点,可用于肉制品中5种违禁色素的常规分析.     

高效液相色谱法测定消化性溃疡治疗药物兰索拉唑

目的:建立并优化测定兰索拉唑胶囊中兰索拉唑含量的高效液相色谱法.方法:色谱柱为Gemini C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相:乙腈:0.1mol·L~(-1)磷酸盐缓冲液(pH调至7.0)(70:30,V/V),检测波长为284nm.结果:兰索拉唑的线性范围浓度为10~200mg·L~(-1),相关系数为0.9996,平均加样回收率为96.1%,RSD=1.65%.结论:该方法操作简单、快速、准确,可用于兰索拉唑胶囊中兰索拉唑的含量测定.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中9种青霉素

建立了用液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS-MS)测定蜂蜜中9种青霉素残留量的分析方法.3g蜂蜜样品用25mL pH=8.5的0.15mol/L磷酸二氢钠缓冲溶液溶解,用Oasis HLB固相萃取柱净化,目标物用乙腈-水(体积比1∶1)洗脱,定容收集液至3mL.采用电喷雾电离,正离子扫描,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测.0.5,1.0,2.0,5.0μg/kg 4个添加水平的回收率为76.9%～104.3%;相对标准偏差为3.29%～9.12%;方法定量限是:青霉素G、乙氧萘青霉素为0.5μg/kg,氧哌嗪青霉素、青霉素V、苯唑青霉素为1.0μg/kg,羟氨苄青霉素、氨苄青霉素、邻氯青霉素、双氯青霉素为2.0μg/kg.     

全自动SPE-HPLC-DAD法测定熟肉制品中15种合成色素

利用全自动固相萃取-高效液相色谱技术,建立了熟肉制品中15种合成色素的高通量检测方法.样品经乙醚除脂后,用乙醇-水-氨水(70+30+1)溶液进行2遍提取,合并,浓缩,沉淀后取上清液使用全自动固相萃取仪进行固相萃取,洗脱液浓缩定容后进HPLC-DAD进行检测,采用外标法定量.15种色素在0. 05～20μg/mL的范围内线性关系良好(r 0. 999),定量限为0. 02～0. 12 mg/kg.进行1～10倍定量限水平的添加回收试验,回收率范围为72. 05～99. 39%,相对标准偏差为0. 36～9. 23%.该方法在节约成本和缩短检测周期方面具有很大的优势.     

HPLC法测定人参叶中人参黄酮苷的质量分数

采用高效液相色谱法,测定人参叶中的主要黄酮类成分人参黄酮苷[山柰酚-3-O-β-D-半乳糖(2→1)-β-D-葡萄糖苷]的质量分数.色谱条件:Zorbax Extend C18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为V(甲醇):V(乙腈):V(体积分数为0.1%的醋酸水溶液)=25:5:70,流速为1.2mL/min,检测波长268nm,色谱柱温度为25℃.结果表明:在进样量0.5～20.0μg范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r=0.9999(n=6);人参黄酮苷的平均回收率为98.5%;RSD=0.64%(n=6)。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that