高吸水涤纶纤维的结构和染色性研究

将PET与共聚酯共混纺制中空共混纤维,经碱处理后形成多孔的高吸水涤纶。本文通过X—射线衍射仪,分光光度计,扫描电镜和热收缩仪等测试对高吸水涤纶纤维和共混纤维的结构和染色性进行了研究,目的在于探索高吸水涤纶染色机理。研究结果发现高吸水涤纶纤维与共混纤维相比较,不仅具有许多微孔,而且结晶度高,晶粒尺寸大,单位非晶体积大,非晶区结构紧密;高吸水涤纶的上染量与保水率呈指数关系。由此推论高吸水涤纶上染量高主要是由于纤维中微孔的吸附染料作用。     

共混涤纶碱水解动力学及水解机理

应用比表面积测定仪、扫描电子显微镜和一些化学测试手段,研究了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇纤维(PET)、共聚酯纤维(PEI)以及PET和PEI共混纤维(PET-I)的碱水解动力学及水解机理。结果表明:碱水解速率次序为PEl>PET-1>PET。PET-I的碱水解由于共混的影响不同于PET,纤维中PEI相优先水解,有蚀刻现象发生,并有微纤维块从纤维上脱落下来。     

生物可降解抗菌共聚酯的合成及结构与性能表征

以1,4丁二醇(BD)和丁二酸(SA)为原料制备酯化物Ⅰ——聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS),再以BOC(氨基保护基)丝氨醇和SA为原料制备酯化物Ⅱ,将酯化物Ⅰ和Ⅱ熔融缩聚制得BOC-PBSS共聚酯,脱去BOC保护基后制得PBSS共聚酯。利用静电纺技术制备PBSS纳米纤维膜,并通过与CuSO 4溶液进行络合反应制得具有抗菌性的PBSS纳米纤维络合物。利用核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)等分别对PBSS共聚酯的结构与性能进行表征,结果表明,BOC-丝氨醇第三单体被成功引入大分子链,且随着其投料比的增加,共聚酯的熔点、熔融焓和结晶度逐渐降低。利用电感耦合等离子原子体发射仪(ICP-AE)研究了PBSS纳米纤维络合物中铜原子的含量,为21.45~46.96 mg/g。采用大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌分别对所制备的络合物进行抗菌试验,结果表明,随着BOC-丝氨醇第三单体投料比的增加,络合物的抗菌性逐渐增强,且抗菌持久性较稳定。     

PTT/PET并列复合丝两组分结合牢度的关键因素

针对前期试验中发现的现象,即单丝纤度低的聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)并列复合丝在浓碱处理后易发生组分分离,选取不同单丝纤度的并列复合丝进行试验,经核磁共振和差示扫描量热法(DSC)测试后发现,组分不易分离的复合丝界面处生成了较多的共聚酯.界面扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图像表明,共聚酯含量较少,则组分结合牢度低.因此,影响复合丝两组分结合牢度的关键因素是界面生成共聚酯的含量.在纺丝过程中,通过控制PET和PTT高聚物熔体相遇时间和位置,使组分界面生成较多共聚酯,可以形成组分结合牢固的并列复合纤维.反之,则容易造成PTT和PET两种高聚物分离.     

PA6／EHDPET共混纤维的相形态结构

合成了一系列易水解聚酯(EHDPET),并对其[η],t_(g),t_(cc),t_(mc)及 t_m 等热性能和流变性能进行了表征.用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了 PA6/EHDPET 共混纤维的相形态结构,其结果表明:(1)当共混组分的熔体粘度比(η_m(PA6)/η_m(EHDPET))不变时,改变共混体积组成比(V(PA6)/V(EHDPET)),所得共混纤维可具有 PA6为岛相或为海相的形态结构;而当共混组成比不变时,改变共混组分的熔体粘度比,也可得到 PA6为岛相或为海相的共混纤维.(2)当共混两组分的熔体粘度比大于9.25时,即便体积组成比高达70/30,PA6亦可构成岛相.所得共混纤维可用于制备超极细纤维或多孔中空纤维.     

聚丙烯与聚酯共混物的流变性能研究

本文对聚丙烯(PP)与阳离子可染聚酯(CDPET)在组成为97/3,95/5,90/10、85/15和80/20以及与对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)组成为90/10共混物的流变行为、共混物形态结构与流变性质的关系作了研究。结果表明,PP与CDPET、PBT的共混物熔体均为切力变稀的幂律流体。共混物PP/CDPET熔体表观粘度对剪切速率的依赖性比PP/PBT小,而对温度的依赖性则比PP/PBT大。PP/CDPET共混物随着第二组分含量的变化其表现粘度在5(质量)％时出现极大值,这与共混物熔体中分散相的形态结构物有关;CDPET百分含量越大,PP/CDPET共混物熔体粘度对温度越敏感。     

共混涤纶仿麻织物的研究

着重研究处理对共混涤纶仿麻织物形态结构和性能的影响，并与涤纶仿麻织物进行比较。结果表明，在相同碱处理条件下，共混涤纶仿麻织物的吸湿性、导湿性、透湿性和透气性均比海纶仿麻织物好，关键在于纤维中微量、尺寸和分布。     

可染聚丙烯纤维高速纺丝研究

以苯乙烯辅助马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-(MAH-co-St)作为相容剂与聚丙烯(PP)、尼龙6(PA6)、改性共聚酯(HCDP)按一定配比共混纺丝，实验表明该共混体系具有良好的相容性。改性聚丙烯纤维的染色性能得到明显改善，可以被分散染料染成深色，并且其抗静电性能明显提高。通过流变性能测试，拟定了主要纺丝工艺，并分析了纺丝温度、纺丝速度、纤维纤度等参数对纤维结构和性能的影响。实现了在高速纺丝条件下制备可染聚丙烯纤维，为工业化生产可染聚丙烯纤维作出了有益的探索。     

高比例角蛋白/PEO纳米纤维的有机溶剂法制备与性能表征

采用还原法提取人发角蛋白,将角蛋白与聚环氧乙烷(PEO)共混溶于碱性有机溶剂中配制纺丝液,静电纺制备角蛋白质量分数为95%的角蛋白/PEO共混纳米纤维,而后用乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(EGDE)蒸气对纳米纤维进行交联处理,以提高其在水中的稳定性.采用扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射光谱、热重分析等方法对纳米纤维的形貌及结构进行测试.研究结果表明,采用有机溶剂作为纺丝溶剂可在碱性条件下制备出形貌特征良好的高比例角蛋白/PEO共混纳米纤维,交联处理能够提高共混纳米纤维的耐水性和结晶度,但对共混纳米纤维的形貌和热稳定性略有影响.     

可染聚丙烯纤维高速纺丝研究

以苯乙烯辅助马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP—g-(MAH—co—St))为相容剂与聚丙烯(PP)、尼龙6(PA6)、改性共聚酯(HCDP)按一定配比共混纺丝,实验表明该共混体系具有良好的相容性。改性聚丙烯纤维的染色性能得到明显改善,可以被分散染料染成深色,并且其抗静电性能明显提高。通过流变性能测试,拟定了主要纺丝工艺,并分析了纺丝温度、纺丝速度、纤维纤度等参数对纤维结构和性能的影响。实现了在高速纺丝条件下制备可染聚丙烯纤维,为工业化生产可染聚丙烯纤维作出了有益的探索。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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