Design of nonuniform cosine-modulated filter-banks with the perfect-reconstruction property and arbitrary filter lengths

In this paper, a method is proposed to construct recombination nonuniform cosine-modulated filter banks (CMFBs) with a perfect-reconstruction property and with arbitrary filter lengths. In this filter bank (FB) structure, certain channels of an original M-channel uniform FB are merged by a set of transmultiplexers (TMUXs), yielding nonuniform outputs, and the length restrictions on the original CMFB and the recombination TMUXs are avoided, allowing them to have arbitrary filter lengths. By imposing certain improved matching conditions on the prototype filters, nonuniform FBs with arbitrary filter lengths and with good properties can be obtained. As a result, the flexibility of selecting modulation types and filter lengths is greatly increased in the design of recombination nonuniform CMFBs. Another benefit due to the flexibility is that the system delay can be reduced.     

Analysis of PR and near-PR cosine-modulated filter banks with odd and even numbers of channels

It is well known that M-channel filter banks, satisfying either the perfect-reconstruction (PR) or near-PR property, can be obtained by cosine modulation of a linear-phase prototype filter. In this work, we investigated the effects of choosing odd or even number of channels on the performance of both PR and near-PR cosine-modulated filter banks (CMFBs). Given the same m, a performance degradation happens in the PR case with odd numbered M. Contrarily, the choice of even or odd M has little effects on the whole system quality for near-PR one. In addition, we made some comparisons between the constrained optimization and the Parks-McClellan algorithm with cosine roll-off characteristic in designing near-PR CMFBs. Detailed analyses and numerical comparisons show that the PR and near-PR systems have their individual characteristics in terms of M and m selection. Studies here can provide useful and practical guidelines for choosing right filter systems.     

基于余弦滚降特性的IIR余弦调制滤波器组的设计

提出一种新的近似完全重构因果稳定的IIR余弦调制滤波器组的设计方法.基于所定义的一种IIR余弦滚降原型滤波器,滤波器组所要求的平坦条件完全被满足.在预先给定极点值的条件下,滤波器组的设计问题可以写成一个凸极大极小优化问题,从而采用二阶锥规划法求解.求出的滤波器组具有合理的完全重构误差,且原型滤波器的多相因子的分母相同,简化了完全重构条件.采用该滤波器组作为约束非线性优化法的有效初值,进一步优化得到完全重构IIR余弦滤波器组.     

7/5双正交小波的构造及图像编码应用

根据双正交小波精确重构条件,推导出了7/5双正交小波滤波器组的参数化表达式.该表达式参数可随意取值,因此能够任意构造具有不同特征的7/5线性相位小波滤波器.作为构造实例,构造了具有最佳编码增益的有理系数7/5小波滤波器.实验表明,它具有与CDF 9/7小波滤波器相似的图像压缩性能,而且其提升小波变换的计算效率可提高20%.     

Method for signal decomposition and denoising based on nonuniform cosine-modulated filter banks

In this paper, a novel method for signal decomposition and denoising is proposed based on a nonuniform filter bank （NUFB）, which is derived from a uniform filter bank. With this method, the signal is firstly decomposed into M subbands using a uniform filter bank. Then according to their energy distribution, the corresponding consecutive filters are merged to compose the nonuniform filters. With the resulting NUFB, the signal can be readily matched and flexibly decomposed according to its power spectrum distribution. As another advantage, this method can be used to detect and remove the narrow-band noise from the corrupted signal. To verify the proposed method, a simulation of extracting the main information of an audio signal and removing its glitch is given.     

一种优化延迟链结构的线性相位准正交数字滤波器组的算法

研究了线性相位准正交滤波器组的新优化设计算法．该设计算法对因子分解中的延迟环节数进行了优化，在新算法中，滤波器的长度将逐渐随级联的格型结构和延时链路而减少．滤波器长度和对称性的可能分布，可在设计过程中决定．文中给出设计算法以及７信道情况下的设计样例．     

基于非均匀五株采样滤波器组的图像阈值除噪

针对传统二维小波缺少多方向特性和传统多方向滤波器组不能进行多尺度分解的缺陷,提出了一种具有多尺度多方向特性的非均匀五株采样滤波器组。该滤波器组每层分解具有一个低频子带和十二个高频子带,并可通过对低频子带的重复分解得到图像的多尺度信息,实现了多方向分解和多尺度分析的统一完成。将提出的非均匀五株采样滤波器组结合统一阈值方法应用于图像除噪。经试验验证,与小波统一阈值除噪相比,所提出的方法对除噪后的图像无论从视觉效果和峰值信噪比(PSNR)上都有较显著提高。     

Analysis of realizable rational decimated nonuniform filter banks with direct structure

In the design of nonuniform filter banks （NUFBs） with direct structure, the location of each analysis filter, corresponding to the sampling factor satisfying maximal decimation condition, should be set properly to avoid large aliasing. In this paper, a necessary and sufficient condition for the setting of the location of each analysis filter is derived. The NUFBs, we focus on, have rational decimation factors. Based on the derived condition, the frequency support of each analysis filter for the realizable NUFBs can be determined directly in such a way that the analysis filters can extract the corresponding bands of the input signal. This provides a guideline for the design of NUFBs with direct structure in choosing proper locations of analysis filters.     

微光图像中值滤波与众值滤波理论与实验研究

中值滤波法是图像平滑技术中常用的一种方法。但中值滤波法处理微光图像时有一定的局限性。该文对此做了进一步的实验与讨论，与众值滤波法进行了比较性研究。众值滤波法是对滤波窗口内所有像素点的灰度值作数学统计，并取出现几率最大的像素灰度值为为滤波结果，累此处理过的图像更接近真实。     

一种消除残留振荡的最优随机时滞滤波器

时滞滤波器是一种消除残留振荡的有效方法.将系统性能指标最优的思想引入时滞滤波器的设计,得到了一种随机最优时滞滤波器.滤波器的时滞时间可以任意给定,简化了设计过程.通过对最优随机时滞滤波器的鲁棒性分析,在系统极点处配置多重滤波器零点,可以显著地提高系统的鲁棒性.对弹簧-质量系统的仿真结果进一步证明了这种滤波器的有效性.     

一种求解极大极小问题的灵活非单调滤子方法

求解极大极小问题的灵活非单调滤子方法与传统的滤子方法相比,对于试探步的可接受性,该方法具有更大的灵活性,而且与单调型方法相比,计算量更小.此外,还利用一个自适应参数来调整接受准则,从而在一定程度上避免了Maratos效应.在合理的假设下,该算法具有全局收敛性,并且通过数值实验验证了该方法的有效性.     

一类具有高逼近阶的3带正交尺度函数的构造

基于3带完全重构的低通滤波器,构造出有高逼近阶的3带完全重构的低通滤波器.证明了若所给的低通滤波器满足Cohen条件,则构造出的低通滤波器也满足Cohen条件.因此,当所给低通滤波器为正交尺度函数的两尺度符号时,构造出的3带完全重构的低通滤波器能生成3带正交的尺度函数,且逼近阶为原来的2倍.这一构造过程可以重复应用.另外,讨论了支撑区间的变化情况,并给出了3个构造算例.     

基于相似度的可变编码长度遗传算法

遗传算法是基于生物进化原理的普适性全局优化算法。分析了编码长度对遗传算法的影响，提出相似度的概念以评价交叉操作的效率，并提出一种基于相似度的可变编码长度的遗传算法。改进方法不仅具有以任意精度达到全局最优值的能力，而且可以显著提高遗传算法的效率。测试函数的应用证明了改进算法的有效性。     

微带天线巴仑的准静态分析

提出了一种分析微带天线巴仑的数值方法。该方法具有计算简便，物理意义清晰，且不受巴仑的几何形状限制等优点。对实例计算结果和测量结果的比较表明，该方法是可行和有效的，并可加以推广，用来分析其它类型的多导体非均匀传输线。     

Process modeling and optimizing control based on sparse nonuniformly sampled data

<正> In this paper,a process modeling and related optimizing control for nonuniformly sampled ( NUS)systems are addressed.By using a proposed nonuniform integration filter and subspace method estimation,an identification method of NUS systems is developed,based on which either an output soft sensor or ahidden state estimator is developed.The optimizing control is implemented by replacing the sparsely-measured/immeasurable variable with the estimated one.Examples of optimizing control problem are given.The proposed optimizing control strategy in the simulation examples is verified to be very effective.     

Improved Square-Root UKF Algorithm for State Estimation of Nonlinear Systems

The square-root unscented Kalman filter (SR-UKF) for state estimation probably encounters the problem that Cholesky factor update of the covariance matrices can't be implemented when the zero'th weight of sigma points is negative or the numerical computation error becomes large during the filtering procedure.Consequently the filter becomes invalid.An improved SR-UKF algorithm (ISR-UKF) is presented for state estimation of arbitrary nonlinear systems with linear measurements.It adopts a modified form of predicted covariance matrices,and modifies the Cholesky factor calculation of the updated covariance matrix originating from the square-root covariance filtering method.Discussions have been given on how to avoid the filter invalidation and further error accumulation.The comparison between the ISR-UKF and the SR-UKF by simulation also shows both have the same accuracy for state estimation.Finally the performance of the improved filter is evaluated under the impact of model mismatch.The error behavior shows that the ISR-UKF can overcome the impact of model mismatch to a certain extent and has excellent trace capability.     

综合颜色和纹理特征的粒子滤波人脸跟踪算法

提出了一种综合颜色和纹理特征的粒子滤波人脸跟踪算法.该方法利用粒子滤波能有效处理非线性非高斯过程和融合目标人脸多种测量信息的特性,针对人脸特征对环境变化的不同鲁棒性,综合加权颜色直方图和旋转复合小波进行人脸特征描述,将颜色和纹理特征融合到粒子滤波跟踪框架中.实验结果表明了该算法的鲁棒性、精确性和灵活性,与基于单一特征的粒子滤波跟踪方法相比,该算法稳健而有效,且对现实场景下人脸的跟踪效果准确.     

RSPUDT(谐振型单相单向换能器)滤波器的改进型设计

RSPUDT滤波器通过引入声谐振腔 ,改善了普通SPUDT(单相单向换能器 )滤波器的形状因子和通带特性 .但由于它结构复杂 ,加权和优化很困难 .提出一种改进型RSPUDT结构 ,将原来集中的声谐振腔均一地分布在换能器中 ,成为许多相同的谐振腔单元 .这种结构使得RSPUDT可以采用基本的加权方法 ,优化过程更加简单 .34°ST切割石英基片上RSPUDT滤波器的计算和实验表明 :改进型RSPUDT较之于原型具有更好的形状因子和更平坦的通带 .改进型RSPUDT的这些优点将使其在低插损中频滤波器的设计中得到广泛应用 .     

两种基于高双折射光纤环的高阶超精细梳状滤波器

设计了两种基于高双折射(HiBi)光纤萨尼亚克环的可调谐高阶超精细梳状滤波器,其由偏振控制器(PC)、环形器、2段(或3段)Hi Bi保偏光纤(PMF)组成,具有单输入双输出和高阶超精细梳状光谱的特性,调谐灵活、输出光谱精细等特点.建立了理论模型研究光谱的双输出特性;对二阶滤波器,仿真研究了在Hi Bi光纤长度相等时偏振角度对输出梳状光谱的影响;对三阶滤波器,仿真研究了的Hi Bi光纤长度对输出梳状光谱的影响.结果表明该种高阶滤波器可应用于不同波长光波的选频输出.