基于二维调度图的双库联合供水调度规则研究

针对双库库群联合供水调度问题,提出了一种基于二维水库调度图的水库群联合供水优化调度方法.二维水库调度图在由表示双库系统中各水库蓄水量的2条坐标轴与时间轴构成的三维坐标系下充分考虑每个水库蓄水量,在此基础上确定水库群的联合供水决策,并采用粒子群优化算法对调度图关键控制点位置进行优化.碧流河、英那河水库群的调度实验表明：二...     

基于平衡曲线的并联水库分配规则

针对并联水库群调度中共同供水任务的分配问题,通过挖掘最优蓄水过程所隐含的规律性,解析不同调度时段系统蓄水量在成员水库间的理想分布,拟定合理的平衡曲线形式,并制定出共同供水任务的分配机制,以供水能力最大为目标函数建立模拟优化模型对分配规则进行修正,采用改进的粒子群算法求解.以中国北方某并联供水库群为例,通过实测与人工径流序列下不同调度方案的对比分析,结果表明所提出的分配规则较其他调度方案更能合理地分配系统蓄水量,提升联合库群的供水能力.     

水电站群随机优化调度方法的研究

本文应用大系统随机控制理论,提出了面临时段有径流预报且预报可信度高,和无径流预报或预报可信度差时,水电站群长期优化调度随机递阶控制方法。它不仅可同时考虑水电站群入库径流、水库蓄放水序列间的时空随机相关,避免了“维数灾”,而且给出了简单易行的水库群最优放水决策规则,以便对水电站水库群调度实现计算机控制。算例表明,该法是解决入库径流、水库蓄放水时空随机相关多目标多水库非线性优化调度问题的一条新途径。     

分区优化控制在水库群优化调度中的应用

以长江中上游15座骨干水库组成的大规模混联水库群联合发电优化调度问题作为研究对象,提出一种新的优化控制方法,其思路是:从流域梯级大规模电站群整体优化角度出发,以总发电量最大为目标建立大规模水库群分区优化调度模型,根据电站所属流域相对位置以及其水力补偿关系进行虚拟分区,以控制区内电站群子系统为对象进行分区优化控制;在此基础上,采用约束廊道法有效解决长期发电优化调度问题中的多约束耦合问题.将该方法应用到长江中上游大规模混联水库群联合发电优化调度问题的求解中,结果表明:所提出的方法求解精度高、时效性好,具有较强的工程实用性,为求解高维、复杂梯级水库群优化调度问题提供了一种新思路.     

多尺度多模型的梯级水库优化调度决策支持系统

梯级水库群优化调度因来水预报不确定性强、水库群优化变量维数高、决策评估目标多等特点,一直是学术界和工程界的研究热点.本文分析了不同时间尺度的水文预报模型与优化调度模型的基本特征与数据需求,建立了多尺度多模型的梯级水库优化调度决策支持系统.该决策支持系统将数值天气预报的有效预报期(15d)作为短期调度模块与中长期调度模块的时间分界.短期调度模块采用数值天气预报降水量和数字流域模型预测未来15d的日径流过程,使用预报结果进行短期的梯级水库优化调度;中长期调度模块采用基于自回归和遥相关的组合预报模型,预报未来1年的月径流过程,用于中长期的优化调度.本文采用面向服务的软件架构(SOA),将年、月和日尺度的预报和调度模型集成,构建决策支持系统,可以实现多时间尺度的水情滚动预报和梯级水库优化调度.本系统在黄河上游干流梯级水库群和大通河流域梯级水库进行试验应用,结果表明该系统能够快速集成分析相关水情数据,开展梯级水库优化调度演算,及时为决策者提供清晰有效的决策辅助信息.     

水库群调度网络分析法

网络分析是一种计算速度较快所需贮存较少的优化技术.水库群最优调度可用网络模型中最小费用流模拟.然后用增广回路法或逆境法求解.对于水库较多的水利系统,该法优点更为明显.本文系统地介绍了水库群最优调度的网络模型,並对于应用网络法解库群调度提出了一些改进办法,其中还附有求解红水河梯级水库最优调度的算例.     

漳泽水库库群防洪实时优化调度模型研究

根据漳泽水库库群的特点，按照水库每时段动用的调洪库容加权总和最小的准则，建立了水库群系统联合防洪实时优化调度的动态规划模型，采用逐步优化算法进行求解，并通过前向卷动决策方法实现洪水的实时调度。实例证明了该模型及其求解方法的合理性及可行性。     

基于协同进化遗传算法的水库群供水优化调度研究

针对水库群供水优化调度问题,介绍了一种改进的协同进化遗传算法。该算法针对求解高维、复杂的水库群优化调度时多约束条件难以处理、计算机时长、易陷入局部最优解等缺陷,建立了相应的罚因子的评价机制,生成了两类进化子种群,运用改进遗传算法同时对不同种群进行操作,并将其应用在滦河下游六水库联合供水优化调度中。实例计算结果表明,用该算法求解水库群供水优化调度问题,结果可靠、合理,计算效率高。     

基于模拟遗传混合算法的梯级水库优化调度图制定

将遗传算法与系统模拟相结合,提出了基于模拟遗传混合算法制定梯级水库优化调度图的理论及方法,并以乌江上游梯级水库为研究对象,进行实例分析,绘制了梯级水库优化调度图。结果表明,采用该调度图指导水库运行,与长系列补偿调节计算相比,梯级电站多年平均发电量增加了4.3亿kW.h,可为乌江梯级水库群合理调度提供可靠的技术支持。     

清江梯级水库群联合优化调度图研究

针对清江梯级水库群中长期调度问题,根据最优凋度结果确定了调度图的型式,引入了可能出力的概念,对水库群进行聚合,建立梯级总出力与梯级可能出力之间的关系.然后根据总出力是否为保证出力进行决策分解,由此采用一连串的二维水库调度图来描述水库群的联合调度规则.基于模拟调度.建立了优化模型,采用多目标遗传算法NSGA-Ⅱ进行优化计算,得到较好的联合优化调度图.模拟计算表明:对于1951～2005年实测径流系列,若采用梯级水库群联合优化调度图较常规调度方案年均发电量增幅可达2.62%;对于两种随机模拟方法生成的水文径流系列,若采用梯级水库群联合优化调度图,年均发电量可分别提高1.77%和2.52%,理论上经济效益显著.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that