基于动态分段和DBSCAN算法的交通事故黑点路段鉴别方法

为提高交通事故黑点鉴别的精度,选择合适的路段长度作为分析路段的基本单元,结合移动步长法将路段划分为几种不同的组合,兼顾交通事故次数和伤亡人数对交通事故进行当量化处理;采用累计频率法进行事故分析,分别得到各种组合下的事故相对集中路段,按路段相邻原则对其进行合并作为初选黑点路段。针对初选黑点路段,选取合适的邻域和阈值,采用基于密度的聚类(DBSCAN)算法进行聚类分析,以寻求长度较短且事故集中的真正事故黑点。为验证该鉴别方法的可靠性,对麻昭(麻柳湾—昭通)高速公路部分路段进行事故黑点鉴别。结果表明:在动态路段划分的基础上,采用当量事故数-累计频率法,初步鉴别出的事故多发路段长度占全线总长28.4%,发生当量事故次数占总事故次数的56.4%;通过移动步长法动态划分路段单元能够最大程度鉴别事故多发路段;采用DBSCAN算法对初选黑点路段进行再次排查,得到的事故黑点路段长度仅占全线总长10.8%,其发生当量事故次数占总事故次数的52.5%;与初选路段相比,其总长度下降了61%,总当量事故次数几乎不变。将动态分段和DBSCAN算法结合能够剔除初选路段中的非黑路段,识别出真正的黑点路段。该方法提高了公路交通事故黑点路段的鉴别精度,可为交通事故黑点的有效治理提供坚实的技术支撑。     

一种改进的公路事故多发路段处机动车安全风险评价方法

针对事故多发路段中存在的风险机动车隐患问题,研究并提出一种改进的DBSCAN聚类识别公路事故多发路段办法,而后使用Kprototype算法对事故多发路段进行聚类,分离出道路状况相似路段,继而对同一类事故多发路段中的车辆使用基于重设阈值的累积逻辑回归进行分析,得到进入该类路段车辆的实时风险指数,是一种对进入事故多发路段的车辆进行实时预警的有效方法。结果表明:改进的参数自适应DBSCAN聚类算法用于鉴别事故多发路段,不仅能够实现任意长度且更为集中的事故多发路段提取,而且能够通过事故严重程度加权识别出事故严重程度较高的路段。与累积逻辑回归算法相比,基于重设阈值的累积逻辑回归算法对事故多发路段中车辆事故风险预测准确率能得到显著提高。     

山区公路危险路段（点）鉴别方法探讨

针对目前山区公路危险路段（点）的鉴别方法较少的情况,在分析山区公路交通事故与道路条件之间的关系及现有事故多发路段鉴别方法的基础上,提出了当量事故数鉴别指数非定长分段法,对山区公路危险路段（点）进行鉴别。最后选取云南省昆明至石林高速公路进行了实例验证,验证结果表明,该鉴别方法合理有效,为道路安全审计提供了理论和技术支持。     

基于聚类分析的道路交通事故多发点段评价方法

鉴于道路交通事故成因的多样性和复杂性,在定义道路交通事故多发点段和充分考虑交通事故空间定位信息的基础上,基于聚类分析技术研究了一种道路交通事故多发点段的识别方法,同时设计一种事故多发点段空间范围的动态非定长划分方法,进而利用当量总事故率法将交通事故多发点段划分为3个风险等级,并给出了具体的划分标准,从而为交通事故预防工作提供决策支持。     

山区高速公路交通事故分析及多发路段鉴别

结合云南昆石(昆明—石林)高速公路与陕西西汉(西安—汉中)高速公路的交通事故统计资料,采用统计分析方法分析了高速公路交通事故形态及时间分布特征,并以当量事故率为指标,采用质量控制法对山区高速公路事故多发段进行鉴别,最后以昆石高速公路为实例分析说明。研究结果表明:山区高速公路交通事故中将近一半是追尾事故,其次是碰撞和翻车,碰撞、追尾和翻车3类事故形态累计百分比达78.14%;事故发生时间主要在2:00~4:00、12:00~14:00、16:00~18:00这3个高峰时段,此3个时间段共占全天交通事故发生总量的42.2%;通过对当量事故率的改进,采用质量控制法鉴别事故多发路段,能够切实反映山区高速公路的特点,有效提高鉴别效果和应用范围;以昆石高速公路交通事故为研究对象,根据当量事故率的大小进行排序,得出昆石高速公路事故多发路段共计12段。     

面向城市交通事故的多节点自组织信号控制优化

城市道路发生交通事故后,事故区会形成通行瓶颈,若上游汇入事故区的车流不加以管控,则会导致车流在瓶颈区形成排队,甚至造成排队溢流、拥挤扩散.针对此问题,本文在获取事故路段通行能力和上游交叉口车辆流量流向的基础上,基于交通流均衡原理,构建事故点上游多节点交叉口分级截流的信号控制优化模型,以限制上游汇入事故点的交通量,同时在模型中考虑上游截流交叉口进口道的饱和度、排队长度、截流时长和主要截流路线,防止拥堵转移并减小调控交叉口的范围.案例仿真表明：该模型能够有效抑制事故点的排队长度,避免拥堵扩散,使路网平均车速提升20.54%,平均单车延误降低24.83%,且不会对周边路网造成较大负担.研究成果可为交通事故拥堵治理提供决策依据和方法参考.     

基于贝叶斯网络的城市道路交通事故分析

以5 190起交通事故数据为分析依据,基于专家知识和数据融合方法建立了城市道路交通事故分析的贝叶斯网络结构.利用服从Dirichlet分布的贝叶斯方法对贝叶斯网络进行参数学习.结合网络模型,应用联合树引擎推断了在车辆类型、事故地点和交通参与者等因素的影响下交通事故类型概率分布.结果表明:客货车等大型车辆发生侧面碰撞的可...     

基于OOPN的穿村镇路段交通安全设施作用研究

针对穿村镇路段交通事故多发的现状，利用面向对象Petri 网（OOPN）作为建模工具，基于穿村镇路段现存的交通干扰类别及特性，构建作用于交通安全设施的事故推演模型，用以分析在穿村镇路段上各类安全设施对于事故发生过程产生的影响。利用该模型可定性分析各部分设施间的共同作用与事故发生间的关系，同时可利用已建模型计算某类设施的缺乏导致事故发生的概率，以定量分析各设施的重要度。研究结果表明，交叉口标志、支路上停车让行标志、限速标志以及人行横道标线为穿村镇路段优先考虑设置标志。     

基于空间广义有序Probit模型的高速公路事故严重程度分析

为深入了解影响高速公路交通事故严重程度的显著因素,以广深沿江高速东莞段2014—2019年事故数据为研究对象,将事故严重程度分为3类（即无伤亡事故、轻伤事故、重伤亡事故）,并以事故严重程度为因变量、13个潜在影响因素为自变量,通过条件自回归先验解析相邻事故间的空间相关性,建立不同关联距离阈值的空间广义有序Probit模型。结果表明：事故数据间存在显著的空间关联;空间广义有序Probit模型优于广义有序Probit模型和多项Logit模型,基于250 m关联距离阈值的空间广义有序Probit模型表现最优。该模型参数估计显示：车辆类型和归属地、事故发生时间、事故地点曲率、桥梁路段和事故类型对高速公路事故严重程度均有显著影响。边际效应结果表明：相对于小汽车间的交通事故,涉及客车、货车和其他类型车辆的交通事故导致人员重伤亡的概率分别增加3.27%、1.53%和4.11%;外省车使得重伤亡事故的发生概率增加1.02%;相对于周末、春季和桥梁路段,工作日、夏季和非桥梁路段发生的交通事故导致人员重伤亡的概率分别提高0.87%、2.38%和0.08%;单车事故导致重伤亡的概率比多车事故低1.64%;事...     

沈大高速公路交通事故特性及其安全设计研究（上）

随着我国高速公路的迅猛发展,高速公路交通安全越来越重要。本文根据收集的沈大高速公路交通事故资料,通过分析统计数据和有关资料,研究了沈大高速公路交通事故随时问和空问的分布特性,提出了鉴剐交通事故多发路段的具体方法,同时运用人类工效学的基本原理,建立了高速公路行车安全界面设计思想。通过实地考察有代表性事故多发路段的道路条件与交通条件,系统分析了事故多发的主要原因,提出了预防沈大高速公路交通事故,保证交通安全的具体措施。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the