基于离散非线性指数趋近律的变结构控制

 针对传统趋近律抖振大、趋近速度不快的缺陷,提出了一种新的离散趋近律。通过在指数趋近律切换项系数中加入非线性函数,实现了切换项系数随运动点到切换面的距离从大到小逐步变化,加快了趋近速度并降低了抖振,间接提高了系统鲁棒性。仿真结果证明,离散非线性指数趋近律具有良好的趋近品质,对确定性系统和不确定系统都有良好的控制效果。     

采用改进快速变幂次趋近律的滑模控制方法

针对基于传统幂次趋近律的滑模控制方法在使用中抖振现象突出、趋近速度慢、时间长等问题,提出一种改进快速变幂次趋近律的滑模控制方法。首先,采用快速双幂次趋近律并加以改进,在原快速双幂次趋近律的基础上加入变指数项,使系统状态在不同趋近阶段中针对性地调节速度,大大地提高了系统动态响应过程的趋近速度,限制了抖振现象的产生,同时具有有限时间收敛性。对改进后的快速变幂次趋近律的数值分析结果表明：当系统状态的绝对值小于1时,系统相当于快速幂次趋近律,系统可平滑进入滑模段,消除抖振;当系统状态的绝对值大于等于1时,又相当于快速双幂次趋近律,系统的动态响应速度有所提高,趋近时间缩短。然后,将改进的快速变幂次趋近律用于滑模控制中,构成改进快速变幂次趋近律的滑模控制方法。采用所提滑模控制方法对履带机器人轨迹进行跟踪控制,实验结果表明：与几种基于传统的幂次趋近律控制方法相比,所提控制系统在趋近平衡零点时几乎无抖振现象的产生,具备更优的性能,且收敛时间最短,最短时间仅为其他方法的69.4%。     

引入滑区法的板球系统新型幂趋近律滑模控制

针对板球系统的滑模控制趋近速度慢、在切换面附近易产生高频抖振的问题,设计了一种基于新型幂趋近律的滑动区域法滑模控制方案.首先,在原切换面的基础上设计了两条辅助切换面,定义了滑动区域;然后,提出了新的趋近参数,并用幂次函数代替符号函数;最后,采用Lyapunov理论证明了控制策略的稳定性.实验结果表明,所设计的控制器不仅有良好的动态性能及稳态精度,还能有效地抑制系统产生的抖振,验证了控制策略的有效性.     

基于遗传算法的一类非线性系统的变结构控制

针对不确定性的非线性控制系统,提出了一种基于遗传算法的滑模变结构控制方法.采用遗传算法实时调整切换面参数和趋近律系数,构造出最佳切换函数和指数趋近律,使得系统不仅能快速到达切换面,增强了系统的鲁棒性,而且消除了系统抖振,实现了完全跟踪,改善了控制系统的性能.通过对倒立摆系统进行仿真,结果表明该控制方法的有效性.     

基于改进型指数趋近律的模糊滑模控制

针对传统滑模控制应用在永磁同步电机调速系统中存在转速超调量大、趋近滑模面速度慢、稳定性差、系统抖振等问题,提出一种基于改进型指数趋近律的模糊滑模控制方法。首先,在传统指数趋近律的基础上引入系统状态变量,使系统趋近速度与状态变量的变化相关;其次,通过设置系统状态滑模面与指数项系数的模糊规则,对滑模参数实时整定,使得趋近过程得到动态控制;同时,针对符号函数sgn(s)在切换过程不连续的问题,对其做出改进,使得系统可以平滑切换;最后,仿真结果表明,该方法相比于传统指数趋近律响应速度更快,抗干扰能力更好,动静态性能得到改善,系统的有效性得到验证。     

基于新型趋近律和扰动观测器的永磁同步电机滑模控制

为了提高永磁同步电机的转速控制性能,克服扰动对伺服控制的影响,提出了一种基于新型趋近律和扰动观测器的滑模控制方法.设计了一种新型趋近律,以解决传统趋近律滑模面趋近时间和系统抖振之间的矛盾,提高系统响应快速性.综合考虑系统存在内部参数摄动和外部负载扰动,设计了滑模扰动观测器,并将观测值前馈补偿到速度控制器输出端;将观测器切换增益设计为扰动观测误差的函数,以削弱滑模观测值抖振.仿真结果显示,与传统趋近律相比,采用新型趋近律可有效提高系统的响应速度,快速准确的跟踪速度阶跃信号;滑模观测器可准确的观测系统扰动的变化;当系统加入负载扰动时,PI控制最大转速波动值为75 r·min-1,而基于新型趋近律和扰动观测器的滑模控制最大转速波动值较小为30 r·min-1,鲁棒性更好.实验结果显示,采用基于新型趋近律和扰动观测器的滑模控制方法可以快速跟踪400 r·min-1的速度指令,调节时间为0.12 s,稳态跟踪误差为±4 r·min-1,且转速无超调;滑模观测器可准确无超调的估计系统扰动值,进一步提高系统的抗扰动性能;当电机以400 r·min-1稳速运行时,加入0.6 N·m的负载扰动,基于新型趋近律和扰动观测器的滑模控制方法最大转速波动为23 r·min-1,与PI控制相比,转速波动减小了8%.上述仿真和实验结果具有较好的一致性,表明基于新型趋近律和扰动观测器的滑模控制方法可以有效抑制滑模控制系统的抖振,提高转速控制系统的鲁棒性和动态响应性能.     

基于自适应趋近律的滑模控制方法

为了提高系统的动态性能和稳态精度,在幂次趋近律和变速趋近律基础上提出一种自适应趋近律.当系统状态变量距离滑模面较远时,幂次项起主要作用,保证趋近速度足够大;当系统状态变量距离滑模面较近时,变速项起主要作用,随系统状态变量自适应调节滑模面参数,直至系统状态轨迹运行到稳定点.趋近律具有二阶滑模特性,可在有限时间内到达滑模面.当系统出现有界外部干扰时,系统状态及其导数可快速收敛到平衡点附近的邻域内.仿真结果表明:提出的自适应趋近律能够有效提高系统动态性能和稳态精度,增强系统鲁棒性.     

一种滑模控制新型幂次趋近律的设计与分析

针对传统趋近律存在的抖振问题,以及全局收敛速度较为缓慢的情况,本文通过对以往的多种幂次趋近律和指数趋近律进行对比分析,提出了一种新型幂次趋近律.该趋近律在以往幂次趋近律的基础上通过函数改进和新型函数的引入,实现了系统的快速收敛和无抖振.首先,新型幂次趋近律通过改进变指数项,在避免了系统收敛到滑模面时变指数项存在的抖振问题的同时,保留了变指数项在系统远离滑模面时优于比例项和幂次项的快速收敛性.其次,新型幂次趋近律引入了正切函数,在初始状态可知的条件下通过调节正切函数参数能够实现系统更快速的收敛性.本文通过理论证明了新型幂次趋近律能够实现系统快速收敛到滑模面且无抖振,并提出了趋近律中的参数设定方法,保证了系统在有界扰动条件下能够实现有限时间内快速地收敛到期望稳态精度.最后,通过对多种趋近律进行对比仿真验证了该趋近律的有效性,并通过系统在有界扰动下的仿真验证了参数设定方法的正确性,航天器姿态机动控制仿真进一步验证了新型幂次趋近律和参数设定方法的有效性和正确性.     

三种趋近律下的倒立摆滑模控制器设计与实现

应用滑动模态控制（Sliding mode control,SMC）对直线一级倒立摆的稳摆控制进行研究.首先以稳定性理论为基础,采用Ackermann公式设计切换函数.然后分别采用指数趋近律、幂次函数及饱和函数设计控制律.经过MATLAB的仿真结果表明,采用饱和函数sat（s）和幂次函数设计控制律时,控制器的输出、切换函数、倒立摆系统的状态变量均不存在抖振现象,系统表现出了良好的动态品质.     

基于PID趋近律的航空发动机滑模变结构控制

研究了一种自调节趋近律的滑模变结构控制器,以切换函数s作为偏差,趋近速度由一个PID控制器调节,目的是使到达滑模面的穿越速度最小从而减少抖振,同时使到达滑模面时间最短.根据航空发动机稳态数学模型,设计其滑模变结构控制律,构建了基于PXI总线的发动机滑模控制平台.通过半实物实验结果证明,该控制器响应速度快,高频抖振很小,具有很强的鲁棒性能和跟踪性能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with