基于有限元的土—结构动力相互作用山岭隧道地震反应

当山岭隧道围岩及覆土层高度较大时,规范地震力计算结果与实际不符。采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了考虑土—结构动力相互作用的山岭隧道整体结构有限元模型,进行动力时程计算,与规范结果进行了比较,得出山岭隧道结构动力反应特点,总结了公路山岭隧道结构在地震作用下的反应规律,研究了围岩高度对衬砌破坏规律的影响。结果表明,对于具有不同围岩高度的隧道横断面,埋置深度越大,内力峰值总体继续增大,但是在超过某数值后,增加的速度会减弱。该研究方法可以应用于公路山岭隧道考虑复杂地基地质条件有明显变化以及覆土层为非对称的情况,为山岭隧道的抗震分析提供参考。     

地震作用下大断面隧道衬砌结构的动力损伤特性

基于混凝土材料的动力损伤特性,建立了其弹塑性损伤本构模型,将该模型应用于强震区某大断面隧道工程,分析了不同地震波入射方向、地震波强度和围岩条件下隧道结构的地震响应与动力损伤规律,探讨了大断面隧道结构的地震损伤特性和破坏机理。研究结果表明：地震波垂直、水平两种入射条件下两者衬砌的压主应力、加速度响应形态相似,但水平入射条件下衬砌结构的应力、加速度响应相较于垂直入射条件更加剧烈;水平入射时衬砌的动力损伤远大于垂直入射时的动力损伤,且动力损伤主要集中于拱腰与墙脚处;围岩条件对隧道衬砌结构的拉主应力响应以及动力损伤有显著影响,V级围岩条件下衬砌结构的最大拉应力是IV级围岩下的5.7倍;隧道结构的地震响应与动力损伤特性也受地震波强度的影响,随着地震波强度增大,应力、加速度响应峰值以及最大动力损伤量均呈现非线性增大趋势,动力损伤随之加剧且由拱腰和墙脚处逐渐向外扩展;在强震区软岩隧道抗震设计以及运营期间震后加固修复应着重注意动力损伤集中的部位。     

山岭隧道地震震害原因及抗减震工程措施浅析

在＂5.12＂汶川大地震中,很多高烈度地区的铁路隧道及公路隧道都遭受了严重的损坏,对震害实例进行收集并归纳分析得到了隧道震害的原因。同时以某单线铁路隧道为例,通过地震系数法计算得到了隧道在地震作用下的破坏特点,分析其结构抗震的薄弱环节,对隧道抗减震工程措施进行了总结。     

穿越富水F4断层铁路隧道变形监测与分析

针对山岭隧道穿越断层破碎带围岩大变形问题,以某穿越富水F4断层铁路隧道工程为研究对象,采用现场监测手段,对隧道穿越F4断层时变形规律进行了详细分析。研究工作主要包括:(1)V级和Ⅳ级围岩段隧道开挖影响距离分析;(2)贯通施工对断层破碎带内隧道工期及后期变形的影响分析。研究结果表明:现场监测结果验证了隧道穿越F4断层施工控制措施是可行的,围岩及隧道变形得到了较好地控制;贯通施工对断层破碎带内隧道施工变形和后期变形均有较大影响,且距离贯通断面越近,影响越大;依托工程条件下V级和Ⅳ级围岩的开挖影响距离分别为47m和47.6m。研究结论可为类似工程地质条件下隧道设计与施工提供借鉴与参考。     

水平加速度下围岩速度节点矢量敏感性分析

拟静力分析方法作为隧道抗震分析的重要分支,一直作为工程界的热点研究问题。借鉴了地震工程中拟静力分析的方法,将地震力抽象成一个水平加速度,建立了一个适应节点速度矢量敏感性分析的计算模型。通过构建分析参量函数的方法,提取了内部支撑力的量、水平地震加速度、隧道埋深和半径之比、岩土体容重、岩土体黏聚力、岩土体内摩擦角的内部联系关系;将围岩抗力和地震加速度作为变量,埋深和半径之比等量为常量,在Bottero和Kummar的研究基础上进行了方法创新,获得了在不同条件下围岩速度节点矢量和地震加速度之间的变化关系。研究对高烈度地区的隧道衬砌设计,实现较好的经济效益有重要的帮助。     

大跨度公路隧道围岩竖向压力分布特征探讨

结合龙头山大跨度隧道围岩压力监测,探讨了竖向压力与隧道埋深、围岩级别的关系;并采用深、浅埋隧道法、普氏系数法以及别尔巴乌麦尔法分别对不同的监测断面计算其围岩压力,对于高级别围岩Ⅳ、Ⅴ,普氏系数法计算结果和实测值较为吻合,而深、浅埋隧道法和别尔巴乌麦尔法计算结果比较一致,但是均大于实测值;对于Ⅱ、Ⅲ围岩,深、浅埋隧道法与实测值较为吻合,普氏系数法要小于实测值,而别尔巴乌麦尔法则大于实测值;从围岩压力与埋深的关系可以看出,深、浅埋隧道法、别尔巴乌麦尔法与实测值的变化趋势基本一致,但比实测值偏大,普氏系数法则比较接近于实测压力的平均值.根据不同的计算方法讨论了不同计算方法对大跨度隧道的适用性,为大跨度隧道围岩压力的设计计算提供有意义的参考.     

单拱四车道公路隧道施工方法的三维数值研究

单拱四车道公路隧道由于跨度特大、断面形状扁平、施工方法复杂,造成其在施工过程中应力分布不均匀,拱脚应力集中,从而极易导致围岩发生失稳乃至坍塌.利用大型有限差分软件FLAC3D对单拱四车道隧道在不同围岩条件下采用不同施工方法的施工动态过程进行三维数值模拟,得到了各种施工方法下隧道围岩应力、位移和塑性区的力学特征.通过比较分析这些力学特征,得出了不同围岩条件下最合适的施工方法.     

偏压连拱隧道围岩压力及结构计算

为了解决目前在设计中尚无满足连拱隧道特点的围岩压力理论,特别是在浅埋偏压条件下围岩载荷估计偏差较大问题,应用岩柱理论求得塌落拱曲线方程,用作图法确定地形偏压临界覆土厚度,对偏压连拱隧道与非偏压连拱隧道进行界定。在此基础上,提出浅埋偏压连拱隧道地层主动偏压载荷和被动不均匀载荷确定方法及地形偏压情况下隧道支护结构的合理计算方法,并求得不同坡率、不同围岩级别条件下浅埋侧土体的弹性抗力系数的合理取值,为设计中偏压连拱隧道采用载荷结构模式计算时浅埋侧土体的弹性抗力系数取值提供参考。     

深埋三车道大断面隧道二次衬砌厚度优化分析

为了研究合理的二次衬砌支护参数,以陕西省宝鸡到汉中高速公路铁佛殿1号隧道工程为例,通过运用MIDAS软件建立数值计算模型的方法,对Ⅳ级、Ⅴ级围岩条件下的深埋三车道隧道二次衬砌进行数值模拟分析,并对不同的二次衬砌厚度进行了安全系数计算。结果表明:深埋三车道大断面隧道Ⅳ级围岩二衬厚度优化至设计值75%、Ⅴ级围岩优化至设计值80%时,隧道结构安全系数满足规范要求。可见目前的公路隧道设计规范对于二次衬砌厚度的规定偏于保守,对于一般情况的隧道设计,有必要进一步减薄优化。     

基于Hoek-Brown准则的小净距隧道围岩稳定性数值模拟分析

以Hoek-Brown准则为基础,采用FLAC3D数值模拟方法,分别建立不同跨度小净距隧道有限元计算模型,对隧道施工过程力学特征及围岩稳定性进行对比分析.通过分析得出:在施工中应尽量减少对中夹岩的扰动,并采取充分合理的加固措施保证小净距隧道的稳定和支护结构安全;Ⅴ级围岩条件下隧道的净距不能过小,净距在0.2B时的中夹岩受力情况要比0.5B时危险得多,相应的围岩加固也变得艰难,所以对净距的取值一般不能小于0.5B;采用侧壁导坑法开挖隧道,在开挖下侧土体时对中夹岩柱的扰动比较大,施工中应对该阶段加强观测并采取必要的应急措施.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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