四氮杂18-冠-6及其臂式衍生物与硬酸离子螯合的边臂效应

合成并表征了1，10-二氧-4，7，13，16-四氮杂18-冠-6（L1）母体及其两种乙酸乙酯臂式衍生物（L2、L3）．采用pH电位滴定法测定了水溶液中3种冠醚配体与Na^＋、K^＋、Mg^2＋、Ca^2＋、Sr^2＋、Ba^2＋和Pb^2＋硝酸盐络合的稳定常数．设计编制了一种新的多元配合物稳定常数的计算程序（QB—TITFIT2004），对实验数据进行拟合处理．实验结果表明：硬酸离子3种冠醚配合物的稳定性主要决定于冠醚边臂的螯合效应；对于Pb^2＋，冠醚母环的作用更为显著．     

(7-甲氧基-4-亚甲基)香豆素基-单氮杂-18-冠-6的阳离子识别性能研究

由荧光或延迟荧光法研究了题示新的光敏离子载体与Ｌｉ＋ 、Ｎａ＋ 、Ｋ＋ 、Ｍｇ２ ＋ 、Ｂａ２ ＋ 和Ｐｂ２ ＋ 的主客体识别性质,测定了乙腈或水溶液中对应主－ 客配合物的稳定常数和识别敏感因子．由于香豆素上甲氧基的供电子性和羰基可能参与冠醚与金属离子的配位作用,稳定常数有了明显增大．     

循环伏安法对铜(Ⅱ)-1,10-二氮杂菲(Ⅲ)配合物电化学性质的研究

在电化学性质的基础上,根据铜（Ⅱ）-1．10-二氮杂菲在水溶液中的平衡常数,制备了[Cu（phen）3]^2＋配合物的水溶液并将其吸附修饰碳电极表面,应用修饰碳电极和用循环伏安法对其电化学性质进行研究。     

Hg^2＋、Cd^2＋对鱼类嗅觉的毒性及Ca^2＋的解毒作用

以罗非鱼为实验对象,采用电生理不和组织学方法系统研究了4种不同浓度的Hg^2 、C^2 污染液对鱼类溴觉功能和嗅觉器官结构的损伤,以及Ca^2 对Hg^2 或Cd^2 的解毒作用,结果表明：1）Hg^2 、Cd^2 均可抑制罗非鱼嗅电图（electro-olfactogram,简称EOG）反应,抑制效应随离子浓度的升高和污染时间的延长而增大,Hg^2 的IC50值为67．73μg/L,Cd^2 为33．91μg／L,Cd^2 的抑效应大于Hg^2 ,2）Ca^2 ＋Hg^2 、Ca^2 ＋Cd^2 混合液（含800mg/LCa^2 )对EOG的抑制作用均小于同浓度单一金属离子的抑制作用,表明Ca^2 对Hg^2 或Cd^2 均有一定的解毒效应,其中Ca^2 对Hg^2 的解毒效应大于Cd^2 ,3）光镜研究显示,分别浸浴在10、50μg/LHg^2 或Cd^2 4手足 15d后的罗非鱼嗅上皮均有不同程度的损伤,在低浓度组,损伤主要是非感觉区粘液细胞出现增生现象;高组的嗅上皮部出现空泡化,嗅上皮边缘出现缺口并有细胞溢出,在含80mg/LCa^2 的10μg／LHg^2 或Cd^2 混合组中,嗅上皮基本无损伤;在含同样浓度Ca^2 的50μg／LHg^2 或Cd^2 混合组中,未见嗅上皮空泡化,仅观察到嗅上皮细胞出现皱缩。     

5-(4-磺基-1-萘偶氮)-8-羟基喹啉离解常数及其与镱显色反应分光光度法的研究

本文用分光光度法测定了显色剂5-（4-磺基-1-萘偶氮）-8-羟基喹啉离解常数,并研究了该显色剂与Yb的络合情况．结果表明：在pH为2－12之间,该显色剂共有三种存在形式：H2L（NH＋）、HL-、L2-,它的离解常数为Ka1＝1.61×10-5,Ka2＝4．10×10-9.在pH＝9．60附近,该显色剂可与Yb3＋形成3：1、2：1、1：1的配合物．     

N，N，N’-三苄基-1，1’-联萘-2，2’-二（杂氧乙酰胺）及稀土配合物的合成、表征和荧光性质

合成了一种不对称舍联萘骨架酰胺类开链冠醚配体N,N,N’-三苄基-1,1’-联萘-2,2’-二（氧杂乙酰胺）（L）及其4种稀土配合物．通过核磁共振氢谱、元素分析、摩尔电导率、红外吸收光谱、差热-热重等分析方法,对配体及配合物组成和结构进行了表征．结果表明,4种稀土配合物组成为RE（pic）3L·2H2O[RE—La（Ⅲ）,Eu（Ⅲ）,Tb（Ⅲ）,Y（Ⅲ）]．推测了该系列配合物的结构,稀土离子配位数为10．在不同溶剂中,对Eu（III）和Tb（Ⅲ）配合物荧光性质进行了研究,发现Eu（Ⅲ）配合物的荧光强度受溶剂效应的影响,荧光强度随溶剂配位能力的增强而减弱．在相同条件下,Eu（Ⅲ）配合物的荧光强度远大于Tb（Ⅲ）配合物,说明配体L的三重态能级与Eu^3＋的激发态能级匹配较好．     

稀土苯并15冠5配合物在不同溶剂中的稳定性研究

用电导法研究了30℃时Ce^3 、Nd^3 、Gd^3 、Y^3 和Dy^3 的硝酸盐分别在二甲基亚砜、甲醇、乙腈、丙酮溶剂中与苯并-15-冠-5(L)的配合反应,计算了1：1稀土冠醚配合物的稳定常数1gKML和摩尔电导率ΛML,实验结果表明,随着稀土离子RE^3 半径的减小,二甲基亚砜和乙腈溶剂中配合物的稳定性趋于减小,甲醇和丙酮溶剂中配合物的稳定性趋于增大．     

N，N，N’，N’-四苯基-1，1’-联条2，2’-二（氧杂乙酰胺）及稀土配合物的合成、表征和荧光性质

为了研究以1,1’-联萘为骨架的酰胺类开链冠醚配体稀土配合物的组成和荧光性质,合成了N,N,N’,N＇-四苯基-1,1’-联萘-2,2’-二（氧杂乙酰胺）（L）及其5种稀土配合物．通过元素分析、摩尔电导率、红外吸收光谱、紫外吸收光谱、差热-热重分析,对其组成进行了表征．结果表明,5种稀土配合物组成为RE（pic）3L·H2O（RE=La3-,Cd3-,Eu3＋,Tb3＋,Yb3-）．室温下,对该系列配合物的荧光光谱进行了研究,发现只有Eu（Ⅲ）配合物表现出较强的Eu3＋特征发射,说明配体L的三重态能级与Eu3＋的激发态能级匹配较好．同时,测定了Eu（Ⅲ）配合物在不同溶剂中的荧光强度,发现随溶剂配位能力的增强而减弱．     

不同浓度组合的镉、铅在不同污染负荷土壤中的吸附-解吸动力学行为

采用批实验法对沈阳张士灌区2种不同重金属污染负荷的土壤（A清洁土壤；B高污染土壤）中不同浓度组合的Cd^2＋和Pb^2＋的吸附．解吸动力学行为进行比较研究．结果表明，清洁土壤A对Cd^2＋和Pb^2＋的吸附能力高于高污染负荷土壤B．Elovich方程是描述这2种土壤Cd^2＋和Pb^2＋吸附动力学行为的最优模型，其次为双常数方程，最差模型是一级动力学方程．2种土壤Cd^2＋、Pb^2＋的解吸速率随重金属初始浓度增加而增加，随解吸时间的延长而不断降低．描述这2种土壤Cd^2＋、Pb^2＋解吸动力学过程的最优模型为Elovich方程，其次为双常数方程，而一级动力学方程拟合效果不佳．     

酮肟钾盐与18-冠醚-6在有机溶剂中的配位反应与消毒性能的关系

为了研究酮肟钾盐与18-冠醚-6在有机溶剂中的配位反应过程,从而阐明配合物的稳定常数与配方消毒性能的内在联系,采用电导法研究了25℃条件下2,3-丁二酮单肟钾（KBDO）和丙酮肟钾盐（K-DMKO）与18-冠醚-6分别在四乙二醇二甲醚、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、乙醇和乙腈中的配位反应,计算了1:1配合物的稳定常数和摩尔电导率。研究结果表明,在这四种溶剂中,KBDO与18-冠醚-6配合物的稳定常数大小分布为：乙醇>四乙二醇二甲醚>乙腈>N-甲基吡咯烷酮;K-DMKO与18-冠醚-6配合物的稳定常数大小顺序为：乙醇>N-甲基吡咯烷酮>乙腈>四乙二醇二甲醚。2种配合物在4种不同主溶剂中形成的消毒剂配方,对芥子气模拟剂2-氯乙基乙基硫醚（2-CEES）的消毒反应动力学基本符合一级反应动力学规律。酮肟盐消毒剂配方消毒速率不仅与配合物在溶液中的稳定常数大小有关,还与配合物在溶剂中的溶解度有关,是以上两种主要影响因素共同作用的结果。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the