基于GIS的中国农牧交错带的计算和模拟

以牧草生长的适宜度模型为依据,选取了9个生态因子,通过层次分析法和模糊集合理论建立了农牧交错带生态因子评定模型,并利用GIS技术对农牧交错带进行空间计算,模拟出农牧交错带的地理分布,对中国农牧交错带的地理分布进行了较为细致的表述.结果表明:中国农牧交错带分布是沿胡焕庸所提出的人口分界线(黑龙江省的黑河-云南省的腾冲)走向的一条狭长地带,涉及黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古、辽宁、河北、山西、陕西、宁夏、甘肃、青海、四川、云南、西藏等13个省(区)的234个县(市、旗),总面积813459.06 km2.     

中国农牧交错带研究现状及问题研究

农牧交错带在我国北方地区和西南地区均有大面积的分布,对于我国生态环境的保护和民族区域经济的发展有着十分重要的影响作用.本文根据众多学者的研究成果,对我国农牧交错带的分布、概念以及研究内容加以综合整理和总结,并对我国农牧交错带研究需要进一步加强的领域及其发展趋向进行了分析和展望.     

北方农牧交错带景观生态风险评价及格局优化研究

以北方农牧交错带景观生态风险为出发点,基于土地利用、土壤类型、DEM数据、道路、居民点等数据,运用ArcGIS空间分析技术,采用空间主成分分析法、加权叠加分析,得到北方农牧交错带景观生态风险空间分布图,并应用最小累积阻力模型构建生态廊道以优化生态网络结构.结果表明:北方农牧交错带低、较低、中、较高、高风险区的占比分别为0.07%,16.54%,64.32%,19.05%,0.02%;低、较低景观生态风险区主要位于农牧交错带东北段大部分区域、西北段局部区域;较高、高生态风险区主要位于农牧交错带的华北段和西北段部分.研究选取29个生态源地,构建51条生态廊道,识别出34个生态节点,形成"点-线-面"多层次生态网络优化格局.在今后的建设中,应强化生态源地的保护、加强生态廊道和生态节点的建设,以形成稳定的、物种丰富的生态系统.     

中国北方农牧交错带形成之探讨

在综述前人对中国北方农牧交错带及其形成原因的研究的基础上,分析了农牧交错带的成因和过程,认为农牧交错带是经过长期演变形成的,是自然因素和人为因素共同作用的结果．自然因素特别是气候干湿波动对其形成和空间上的摆动有着深刻影响,人为因素尤其是农垦活动仅在自然因素基础上起着加速现代农牧交错带分布格局的形成和促使农牧界线频繁摆动的作用．     

忠实实践“三个代表”重要思想,以科技为先导推动内蒙古农牧交错带可持续发展战略的实施

作者以十六大精神为指导 ,论述了农牧交错带草原的特征、演变与现状 ,分析了造成内蒙古农牧交错带地区生态退化的原因 ,提出了以科技为先导 ,走合理开发和节约使用之路的对策。     

北方农牧交错带降雨侵蚀力的时空分布

北方农牧交错带是我国典型的生态环境脆弱区,土壤侵蚀十分严重.降水是土壤水蚀的动力因素,降雨侵蚀力反映了降水因素对土壤水蚀的潜在作用能力.利用农牧交错带内及邻近市县共109个气象站的1971～1998年的逐日降水量,计算农牧交错带的降雨侵蚀力并分析其空间分异规律.结果显示农牧交错带降雨侵蚀力值由东南向西北递减,近30年来农牧交错带多数地区的降雨侵蚀力呈增加趋势,即由降水引起土壤水蚀的潜在能力增加;降雨侵蚀力的年内季节分布十分集中,根据降雨侵蚀力的季节变化特征可将农牧交错带划分为4大类型区.     

北方农牧交错带景观生态规划初探——以山西省大同市为例

本文在介绍景观生态规划及北方农牧交错带的范围和特征的基础上,分析了北方农牧交错带的景观生态问题,阐述了景观生态规划的一般原则,结合大同市景观生态规划,探讨了确定规划范围与规划目标、景观资料搜集、景观适宜性分析、景观功能区划分、景观生态规划实施与调整等规划步骤,以期为大同市的可持续发展提供参考.     

论农牧交错地带开发草业的战略意义

农牧交错地带经济基础薄弱,生态环境脆弱,发展生产必须科学、可持续.否则会造成恶性循环,给人类带来灾难.笔者认为在农牧交错带开发草业是首选的产业,因为开发草业既可以保护环境,又可以解决养殖业中的饲草源,具有一定的经济效益和生态效益.     

1990—2010年间我国北方农牧交错带植被覆盖度变化归因

以我国北方传统农牧交错带为研究区,以植被归一化指数(NDVI)表征地表植被覆盖度,对土地利用数据和降水量、气温等气象数据两大类影响因子进行相关性分析.研究发现:1990—2010年该地区主要土地利用类型发生了显著的相互转化,但占优势的仍是草地、耕地和林地,土地利用和景观结构未发生重大变化.研究期间,北方农牧交错带耕地、林地和未利用土地植被覆盖度均有所增加,草地植被覆盖度有所减少.植被覆盖度与年均降水量呈极显著相关性,1990—2010年农牧交错带降水呈减少趋势,植被覆盖度上升趋势明显.植被覆盖度与同期年均气温数据也呈现一定的正相关性,1990—2010年农牧交错带气温变化属于升温趋势,植被覆盖度上升趋势明显.研究表明北方农牧交错带植被覆盖度变化是在全球气候变化和人类活动的双重影响下发生的,土地利用变化和降水、气温气象数据两种因素对植被覆盖度的影响具有明显的地域性特征,土地利用变化因子的影响由于受政策和人类活动的参与而正逐渐占据着主导地位,而气候条件中,气温升高对植被覆盖度具有一定的正相关性,降水量因子在径流量充沛地区影响作用较弱,但在水源缺乏,人类活动干预较少农牧交错带西北地区仍然有着重要的影响作用.     

宁夏生态灾害及防治对策

宁夏地处祖国内陆,气候干燥,自然地理上具有过渡性、生态脆弱性等特征,是我国北方农牧交错带的组成部分,长期以来,由于人类活动的盲目性,导致区内生态灾害严重,直接影响社会经济的发展。本文分析了宁夏生态灾害的主要类型、基本特征,并就防治对策提出了五点意见。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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