论元好问对宋词的继承与创新

元好问在词的词风及自然山水空间、情词审美范畴上的开拓,扩大了词的审美空间和审美趣味。在宋词基础之上的继承和创新,使元好问成为集金词之大成的大家,在宋词对金词的熏染以及金词对宋词吸纳过程中,起到了整合、创新甚至提升的作用。     

论宋词的意象传递——以柳永词为例

意象是由客观物象经过创作主体的创造而转化来的一种艺术形象,意象传递是指以意象为载体传达独特情感活动的过程。作为词这一艺术形式发展的巅峰,宋词以将抽象的情感具象化的明喻方法,赋予词极强的情感表现力和审美意义。柳永词将风、月、酒、泪、柳、云、黄昏等作为意象符号,在意象传递中注重情与景的融汇、虚与实的结合,注重对韵与味的追求,对整个宋词的发展产生了深远影响。     

论宋词"以婉约为宗"

作为一种起源于音乐的抒情文学，宋词最根本的艺术特性就在于以委婉之笔，抒内心之思，体现出“言长”的艺术特征。宋词的音乐性、宋代的时代风气和社会习俗以及词人的创作动机和审美心理，决定了宋词的艺术风格必然是“以婉约为宗”。     

南宋雅词之探

雅俗之辨是中国古代文学史上一个争议颇多的话题。宋词作为一代文学样式，在雅俗的演变上更有其特点。南宋词坛经过自北宋以来的长期探索与辨析，在词的雅化之路上逐渐形成了自己的理论。内容上反对淫艳猥亵，提倡骚雅；风格上“涉谐谑”、“鄙俗”、“侧艳”则去之；在词体源头的探求上，认为诗词同源，推尊词体；语言和音律求雅，反对俚俗。姜夔、张炎、王沂孙等是南宋雅词的代表。通过南宋词学的雅俗之辨，词的创作发生了根本变化，词人的创作规范化、理性化了，人们认可了词这种文学体裁，并使词体定型，渐成为与诗比肩的一种文体。     

北宋初期江西词人创作对宋词的审美规定

北宋初期江西词人在宋词上体现的审美情趣主要表现为：晏殊雍容华贵的气度；欧阳修深沉浑厚的词境：晏几道温雅清丽的语言。他们的这种语言风格在宋词的发展史上起着美学上的定型作用。由于他们坚持诗庄词媚、选择南唐词风和偶然的以诗为词，发展了“婉约为正宗”的美学观，开启了宋词的雅化之路和豪放风格，界定了后期词的审美趣味。     

词可以群——以贺铸《青玉案·凌波不过横塘路》在北宋的唱和情况为例

诗可以群，是儒家对诗歌交际功能的揭橥，它确立了文人士大夫间以诗歌这种言志抒情的工具来进行唱和交流的传统。有宋一代，词作为一种独立的文体开始在士人群体中承当起“群相琢磨”的作用，士大夫不独假诗歌传达关怀和理解，复借雅词寄托朋辈之深意、党人的契合、兄弟之亲情，这种词的唱和一方面有着其自身的政治文化背景，另一方面，则从客观上繁荣了宋词的创作舞台。     

鲁迅小说的悲剧美

鲁迅小说的悲剧美大致呈现出悲哀、悲愤、悲壮、悲谐四种形态。其中悲哀是最基本、最主要的,这与鲁迅思想启蒙的创作目的有内在联系。在鲁迅小说中,往往是一篇包含着多种悲剧美形态,彼此杂糅交错在一起,产生出丰富复杂的审美效应。     

从宋代水路交通看柳永、周邦彦的羁旅词

由于宋代水路交通发达,宋人公私行旅多选择水路,因此宋词创作中的意象选择、内容表达多受其影响。其中柳永、周邦彦的羁旅词最具代表性。他们创作了大量表现行前送别、旅途孤苦、别后相思等内容的羁旅行役词,并借助舟、烟、云雨、灯等意象,表达了行旅中的宦游之苦和相思恨别之愁,显现出宋词的南国文学特色。     

词亦可以观——以两宋词为核心

从唐曲子到宋词,是千百年词史上的辉煌时期。词在唐宋时代,本是一种诉诸视听的音乐文艺。词的兴起和繁荣,都与唐宋时期的民俗息息相关。因此,词与民俗的关系,为词学研究不可或缺的一环,就此可以深入考察有关词的社会文化背景,从而探讨以往词学研究中的若干深层问题。就某种意义而言,从唐宋词的初创到繁荣再到南宋中后期的雅化,恰好完成了一个悖论,既最终成就了宋词一代文学的地位,也结束了宋词作为一代文学的光荣。     

怀旧:易安词的主旋律

李清照的词创作，分为前后两个时期。前期词以表现春思、闺怨为主，怀旧意识已初露端倪。后期词的怀旧情绪较为强烈，主要表现为对亡夫的怀念之情和对故国家园的依恋之情。这一创作特点和审美风格的形成与词人的生存环境密切相关，并随着那个时代生活的巨大变迁而进一步深化，最终凝聚成一种意识，即怀旧意识。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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