国产六种小型蝰科毒蛇蛇毒免疫原性比较

以国产小型蝰科毒蛇短尾蝮（Gloydius brevicaudus）、岩栖蝮（Gloydius saxatilis）、乌苏里蝮（Gloydius ussuriensis）、山烙铁头（Ovophis monticola）、原矛头蝮（Protobothrops mucrosquamatus）和竹叶青（Trimeresurus stejnegeri）蛇毒为对象，用国产商用抗蝮蛇毒血清和抗五步蛇毒血清分别检测这6种蛇毒的免疫原性。间接ELISA和western blot两种方法的检测结果表明：6种蛇毒有共同的抗原组分，且在免疫反应中大部分组分表现出免疫原性；同种蛇毒和抗血清之间显示出最高的免疫结合强度；近缘物种间的免疫结合强度更接近；随着抗体浓度的升高，免疫结合强度增加。抗蝮蛇毒血清对短尾蝮、乌苏里蝮和岩栖蝮蛇毒的免疫中和效价高于抗五步蛇毒血清；两种抗蛇毒血清中和山烙铁头、原矛头蝮和竹叶青蛇毒的效价相近。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病卵黄抗体制备--免疫、效价检测和沉降分离

采用 3种不同的方案对蛋鸡进行强化免疫 ,获得抗鸡传染性法氏囊病的高免卵黄抗体原液 .用缓冲液沉降分离提取水溶性抗体成份IgY ,再采用琼脂扩散试验 (AGP)检测卵黄原液、上清液和沉渣的效价 .试验测得卵黄效价最高达 12 8,经缓冲液一次沉降约 5h后得到的上清液效价接近于卵黄效价 ,沉渣效价≤ 4.该工艺比其它高免卵黄抗体提取工艺简单得多 ,具有投资少、操作简便、便于工业规模生产等特点     

抗尖吻蝮蛇毒卵黄抗体口服给药保护剂的研究

【目的】比较硫糖铝和5种糖类对抗尖吻蝮蛇(Deinagkistrodon acutus)毒卵黄抗体(IgY)的保护作用,为开发抗尖吻蝮蛇毒IgY口服制剂提供依据。【方法】通过免疫白来航鸡(Gallus domesticus),从所产鸡蛋中制备抗尖吻蝮蛇毒IgY。在不同pH值(2.0,3.0)条件下,于IgY中加入相同剂量的保护剂,用ELISA法测定IgY活性;在pH值为2.0且加入条件下,加入等于或高于胃内正常质量浓度的胃蛋白酶,后加入不同剂量的硫糖铝,再用ELISA法测定IgY抗体活性;用不同剂量的保护剂与IgY混合后灌胃小鼠(Mus musculus),在不同时间点(1.5,2.5,3.5h)取血,采用ELISA和Western法测定血清中的IgY活性。【结果】在pH值为2.0和3.0条件下,硫糖铝对IgY抗体活性的保护效果均为最佳;在pH值为2.0且加入不小于胃内正常的胃蛋白酶质量浓度的条件下,体积分数在30%以上的硫糖铝均可提高IgY活性;IgY灌胃后的小鼠血清中,体积分数为50%的硫糖铝可有效保护IgY活性。【结论】加入硫糖铝作保护剂后能有效提高IgY对胃酸和胃蛋白酶的抵御作用。     

抗尖吻蝮蛇毒卵黄抗体口服给药保护剂的研究

【目的】比较硫糖铝和5种糖类对抗尖吻蝮蛇(Deinagkistrodon acutus)毒卵黄抗体(IgY)的保护作用,为开发抗尖吻蝮蛇毒IgY口服制剂提供依据。【方法】通过免疫白来航鸡(Gallus domesticus),从所产鸡蛋中制备抗尖吻蝮蛇毒IgY。在不同pH 值(2.0,3.0)条件下,于IgY中加入相同剂量的保护剂,用ELISA 法测定IgY 活性;在pH 值为2.0且加入条件下,加入等于或高于胃内正常质量浓度的胃蛋白酶,后加入不同剂量的硫糖铝,再用ELISA法测定IgY 抗体活性;用不同剂量的保护剂与IgY混合后灌胃小鼠(Mus musculus),在不同时间点(1.5,2.5,3.5h)取血,采用ELISA和Western法测定血清中的IgY活性。【结果】在pH 值为2.0和3.0条件下,硫糖铝对IgY抗体活性的保护效果均为最佳;在pH 值为2.0且加入不小于胃内正常的胃蛋白酶质量浓度的条件下,体积分数在30%以上的硫糖铝均可提高IgY 活性;IgY 灌胃后的小鼠血清中,体积分数为50%的硫糖铝可有效保护IgY 活性。【结论】加入硫糖铝作保护剂后能有效提高IgY 对胃酸和胃蛋白酶的抵御作用。
     

免疫球蛋白IgY的分子结构与功能

应用鸡作为免疫宿主产生抗体,大约在100年前已有过报道,鸡的抗体是从血清转输至蛋黄中,使鸡胚胎或雏鸡获得被动免疫性,因此从蛋黄(egg yolk)中提取抗体免疫球蛋白产物称之为IgY(Immunoglobulin yolk,IgY),它的优点是促进了免疫原性,比哺乳动物的抗体易保存,此外IgY能识别一些哺乳动物的相同蛋白质,使得它能得到广泛的应用。通过常规方法免疫而获得的IgY和IgG抗体进行比较,每月约可得     

新型嗜硫膜亲和纯化鸡传染性法式囊卵黄抗体研究

以普通定性滤纸为基质 ,经碱处理 ,二乙烯砜活化和巯基乙醇偶联后 ,制备成嗜硫膜 (thiophilic -mem brane ,TM) ,考察了其对鸡传染性法式囊 (IBD)卵黄抗体 (IgY)的特异性亲和吸附作用 .卵黄经醋酸钠 -醋酸缓冲液 10倍稀释于 4℃自然沉降脱脂后 ,所得上清液 (WSF)经嗜硫膜亲和吸附分离 ,可一步纯化得到SDS-PAGE电泳纯的卵黄抗体 .IgY在嗜硫膜上的吸附速度随着流速的增加而增大 ,吸附量则随着流速的增加而减少 .     

鸡卵黄免疫球蛋白的嗜硫性色谱一步分离纯化

采用重力沉降法对卵黄液进行脱脂预处理 ,利用嗜硫性色谱 ,实现鸡卵黄免疫球蛋白(IgY)的一步分离纯化 ,蛋白质的回收率高达 91% .鸡卵黄免疫球蛋白IgY经SDS -PAGE检测为电泳纯 ,活性回收率达 70 %以上     

鸡卵黄抗体技术在5种草莓病毒快速检测中的应用

利用生物信息学技术对草莓轻型黄边病毒(SMYEV)、草莓斑驳病毒(SMV)及草莓皱缩病毒(SCV)等5种病毒抗原表位进行预测,将预测的抗原肽段及串联表位肽段的DNA片段在大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia) BL21(DE3)进行原核表达,并将纯化后的抗原表位肽免疫京红一号产蛋鸡.从免疫蛋鸡卵黄中分离卵黄抗体(IgY),并对其进行抗体活性、效价及灵敏度的分析.结果表明,预测到的优势抗原表位肽段分别位于5种草莓病毒外壳蛋白氨基酸序列的27-38、49-82、288-314、62-75、218-238位. 5种优势抗原表位肽及其串联抗原表位肽(5S)均能在Escherichia BL21(DE3)中成功表达. 5S免疫蛋鸡产生的IgY对于5种草莓病毒均具有较强的免疫活性,抗体滴度为1∶1 600,检测灵敏度为10ng.本研究制备的串联抗原表位重组蛋白能诱导蛋鸡产生具有较强免疫活性的IgY抗体,可用于SMYEV、SMV及SCV等5种草莓病毒的同时检测.     

卵黄抗体的研究进展

自从 1983年 ,Klemperer首次报道鸡蛋中存在抗体以来 ,人们对卵黄抗体 (IgY)的研究越来越多 ,认识也越来越深入 ,应用也日益广泛起来。卵黄抗体价格便宜、制备方便 ,具有其它抗体不可比拟的特点 ,是当今生物科学研究的一个热点。1　IgY与IgG的区别历史上 ,曾经有人认为在禽类血清中发现的低分子量 (MW )免疫球蛋白是IgG。但是研究分析发现禽类血清中的抗体不具有类似于IgG的 5 0kDa重链 (γ) [1] 。所以说禽类血清中的抗体不是IgG。现在认为IgY是禽类血清和卵黄中的主要抗体。IgG的重链 (γ)为 5 0kD ,由四个区域组成 :一个可变区 …     

卵黄抗体(IgY)及其在蛇伤治疗中的研究进展

传统抗蛇毒血清存在生产成本高、得率低、多种副作用等不足,使得寻找更理想的蛇毒解毒剂变得十分迫切;因卵黄抗体(Ig Y)在生产及中和蛇毒毒性等方面所体现的独特优势,成为开发新蛇毒解毒剂的重要研究对象。当前研究表明:Ig Y与哺乳动物Ig G功能相似但结构不同;Ig Y据有良好的耐压及耐酸碱稳定性,但对高温及蛋白水酶敏感;相比Ig G,Ig Y的生产成本低且具有非侵略性,其运用于免疫分析可降低假阳性率;产蛋鸡的免疫应答受抗原(剂量、分子量)、佐剂类型、免疫途径、免疫间隔等4种主要因素共同影响;纯化方法影响Ig Y纯度与活性;已制备出的多种抗蛇毒Ig Y对蛇毒引起的毒理作用有很好的中和效果。随着生物技术的快速发展,抗蛇毒Ig Y有望被开发成解毒剂、诊断试纸、亲和配体、口服制剂等,在蛇伤研究领域的应用前景广阔。
     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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