云计算中运营商效益最优的资源分配机制

针对传统的虚拟机调度方法中虚拟机申请时,调用相应负载均衡算法将虚拟机调度到相应的物理服务器上,不能达到整体效益最优的问题,提出了一种实时满足运营商资源最高效益的动态调度方法.每次新加入用户时,新加入的用户资源和先前分配的资源一起重新在所有服务器上规划,进行全局虚拟机调度,迁移那些能给系统带来足够效益部分虚拟机,完成全局最优的虚拟机部署.该方法对云中资源进行了合理的高效益规划,大大节约运营商成本,提高了云中资源利用率,降低了能耗.     

基于蚁群优化算法的绿色云计算虚拟机迁移策略

为了提高绿色云计算的能源利用率并降低其能耗,提出了一种基于蚁群优化算法的虚拟机迁移策略,该策略的目标是最小化云计算中心能耗的同时保证服务质量.首先,通过预设资源利用率阈值,找出低负载和过载的物理机;然后通过迁出低负载和过载服务器节点上的虚拟机,达到节能的目的;最后,根据虚拟机迁移列表,采用蚁群优化算法快速寻找虚拟机迁移最佳物理机.仿真结果表明,与其他算法相比,本文提出的迁移策略的执行时间和能耗最小.     

云计算中基于多目标优化的虚拟机整合算法

云数据中心中存在着高能耗和高服务水平协议违约率的问题,为了解决此问题,提出了一种基于多目标优化的虚拟机整合算法.综合考虑能耗、服务质量和迁移开销等多种因素,将虚拟机整合问题构建为一个具有资源约束的多目标优化问题.使用蚁群系统算法对该多目标优化问题进行求解,进行虚拟机整合,获得近似最优的虚拟机主机映射关系.为了减少算法复杂度,利用CPU利用率双阈值来判断主机负载状态,根据主机负载状态分阶段进行整合并使用不同的整合策略.基于CloudSim平台对多目标优化的虚拟机整合算法和其他6种虚拟机整合算法进行仿真实验,将本文算法与现有虚拟机整合算法实验结果进行比较,结果表明本文提出的算法在能耗和服务水平协议违约方面优化显著,具有较好的综合性能.     

数据中心启发式反向人工蜂群虚拟机整合节能策略

针对数据密集型作业的特点,提出一个基于CPU和图形处理器(GPU)两个影响因素构建计算节点的能耗评估模型.该模型基于原虚拟机选择节能算法(ABCS)在虚拟机选择节能策略中的能效优势,进一步利用启发式思想改进蜂群优化算法,寻求虚拟机整合的最优解.在CloudSim 3.0云计算模拟器中的实验结果表明,启发式反向蜂群算法能在保证服务质量的前提下,有效降低虚拟机迁移次数,进而降低数据中心的能耗(节能25%~30%).     

云数据中心基于负载预测的物理主机状态检测策略

针对云数据中心现有物理主机状态检测算法对提高云数据中心物理资源的利用率效果不明显问题,提出了基于负载预测的物理主机状态检测策略(load prediction based physical host status detection,LP-PHSD),LP-PHSD利用时间序列和二次指数平滑法预测出物理主机在未来一段时间内的资源利用率情况,同时结合绝对中位差方法,确定资源利用率动态阈值边界,选择适当的时刻进行迁移,提高物理资源的利用效率,降低能量消耗.LP-PHSD包括源物理主机状态检测和目标物理主机状态检测2个部分,可以很好地判断出虚拟机迁移的时刻.实验表明,经LP-PHSD策略优化后的新虚拟机迁移方法与近几年的BenchMark迁移模型比较起来,云数据中心的总体能量消耗降低,虚拟机迁移次数减少,云服务质量明显提高.     

IaaS云环境下一种能耗和资源损耗优化的虚拟机放置策略

为了降低IaaS云中物理服务器的资源开销和能耗,提出了一种资源损耗模型;同时结合服务器能耗模型,提出了一种能耗和资源损耗优化的虚拟机放置策略;设计并实现了一种能耗有效且物理资源损耗优化的多目标虚拟机放置算法。仿真实验结果表明,该算法不仅能有效地降低物理服务器的能源消耗,同时能较好地控制物理资源损耗,从而实现节能减排,具有较强的理论和现实意义。     

数据云中基于启发式反向蜂群的虚拟机选择节能算法

结合数据中心中数据密集型作业的频繁读写数据特点,综合考虑CPU使用率和RAM使用率两个影响因素构建服务器能耗评价模型,并引入人工蜂群算法及启发式反向思想,将其应用于数据中心虚拟机迁移策略中的虚拟机选择环节,实现云计算中数据中心节能问题的优化.在CloudSim 3.0云计算模拟器中的仿真实验结果表明:该启发式反向蜂群虚拟机选择节能算法(ABCS)与最大最小时间(MMT)、随机选择(RS)和最小使用率(MU)3种经典虚拟机选择算法相比节能20%~25%,虚拟机迁移频率减少至5%以下.     

基于层次拓扑树的虚拟机节能分配算法

为了均衡分布式数据中心物理主机多维资源的利用率,减少物理主机使用数量,节约能耗,提出了一种基于层次拓扑树的虚拟机节能分配算法HTES(hierarchical topology energy saving),此算法可以有效提升虚拟机分配效率.利用Laplacian矩阵,对大规模网络拓扑分割,建立了层次拓扑树模型.基于层次拓扑模型,根据虚拟机请求中IP地址与数据中心的距离,将虚拟机请求分组,从层次拓扑树模型中查询合适的物理主机区域,按虚拟机请求与物理主机的资源匹配度进行虚拟机的分配.将HTES与其他3种算法进行模拟仿真实验,从虚拟机分配时间、资源均衡率、能耗和物理主机使用情况等方面验证了HTES算法能够有效加快物理主机搜索速度,增加底层占用物理主机的集中度,降低底层物理主机的使用数量,达到节约能耗的目的.     

基于互补机制的虚拟机放置算法

有效的虚拟机放置算法可以优化分配计算资源,提高云计算资源的利用效率。通过分析资源分配中存在的问题,提出了一个基于互补机制的虚拟机放置算法。首先基于虚拟机之间的资源互补关系,将资源粒度较小的虚拟机组合成为新的虚拟机,然后基于虚拟机和服务器之间的资源互补关系,依次将虚拟机放置到互补的服务器中,使服务器中各个资源量呈现均衡分布状态。仿真结果表明,CBVMP算法降低了运行的服务器个数和数据中心的能耗,提高了云计算资源的利用效率。     

IaaS云环境下一种基于综合满意度的虚拟机放置策略

基础设施即服务(IaaS)环境下的一个关键需求是对租户申请的虚拟机进行合理放置。当前虚拟机放置策略的研究大都集中在数据中心能耗、资源损耗以及负载均衡等方面,很少有工作关注其对租户虚拟机启动时间的影响。为了减少虚拟机请求的周转时间,降低数据中心的资源损耗,本文首先建立了云服务租户满意度模型,给出了虚拟机请求到达云端后周转时间的量化方法;然后基于数据中心的资源损耗建立了云服务提供商满意度模型;最后,基于租户虚拟机启动时间与系统资源损耗建立了多目标约束优化模型,并提出了一种基于综合满意度(Comprehensive Satisfaction Based,CS-B)的虚拟机放置策略,该策略综合考虑了云服务租户与云服务提供商的需求,将租户所申请的虚拟机放置到综合满意度最高的服务器中运行。在OpenStack云平台上的仿真实验表明,CS-B虚拟机放置策略能够有效减少租户虚拟机在云端的部署时间,降低数据中心的资源损耗,有效提高了云服务商及租户的满意度。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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