玉米纤维在面包生产中的应用研究初报

对玉米纤维在面包生产中的应用进行了试验研究，结果表明，随玉米纤维添加量的增加和纤维颗粒的减小，面包质量均有不同程度的下降；玉米纤维的添加量应控制在一定范围内，细度为５０目、７０目和１００目的玉米纤维添加量分别不能超过４％，５％和６％；通过延长发酵时间可使面包体积增大，但不能超过４５ｍｉｎ．     

燕麦杂粮面包的制作及品质研究

燕麦粉、玉米粉和糯米粉作为杂粮粉与精制面包粉混合制作燕麦杂粮面包,对面包进行感官评定与物性检测分析,确定了杂粮面包的最优配方即:当添加10%的燕麦粉、8%的玉米粉和8%的糯米粉、15%的细砂糖、1.5%的食用盐、1.5%的活性酵母粉,5%的奶粉,和最佳的工艺配方即:经25 min的和面、80 min的发酵、烘烤20 min。在此条件下制作出的燕麦杂粮面包品质最佳,口味符合人们的要求,营养等各方面均有所改善。     

玉米发糕配方的研究

为提高米发糕的营养价值,试验将一定量的玉米粉添加到大米中制作玉米发糕.以感官评分为考察指标,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验确定玉米发糕的最佳配方.结果表明:玉米粉和酵母添加量对感官评分影响显著.玉米发糕的最佳配方为:玉米粉添加量50%,酵母添加量0.5%,白糖添加量19%,加水量为75%(以大米和玉米粉总质量为基准).以此最佳配方制备的玉米发糕玉米风味浓郁,品质最佳.     

双孢菇粉添加量对面包品质及抗氧化特性的影响

本文研究双孢菇添加量对面包焙烤品质及抗氧化性能的影响,以面包比容、色差和质 构为评价指标,测定不同双孢菇添加量对面包品质的影响,同时采用紫外分光光度法测定面包总 酚含量,以DPPH和ABTS自由基实验来比较面包的抗氧化特性。结果表明：4种不同双孢菇添加 量（0、5%、10%、15%）的面包比容在2.23以上,随着双孢菇添加量的增加,面包的粘合性、咀嚼性和 硬度逐渐增大,弹性以及内聚力逐渐减小。同时,多酚含量随着双孢菇添加量的增大而增大,ABTS 自由基和DPPH自由基清除率也随之增大,体外淀粉水解率也随之减小。因此,添加双孢菇可以提 高面包成品的抗氧化性能。     

豆渣对面团及面包品质的影响

将豆渣经超微粉碎后添加至面包中,以烘烤时间、第二次发酵时间、酵母的添加量和豆渣的添加量作为单因素,进行正交试验,得出制备豆渣面包最佳制作工艺为:烘烤时间17 min,第二次发酵时间80 min,酵母添加量2.3%,豆渣添加量8%.在此基础上,研究了豆渣对面团及面包品质的影响,结果表明,豆渣的添加会使面粉吸水量增加,对面团拉伸特性具有改良作用.同时,豆渣的添加会影响面筋的形成,使面包的硬度、胶着性和咀嚼性明显增大.此外,8%的豆渣添加量具有延缓面包老化的作用.     

低脂型营养面包的制备研究

采用小麦麸皮脂肪模拟品部分代替面包配方中的油脂制备营养低脂型面包,应用单因素和正交试验方法,通过对面包成品进行感官及物理特性的分析,确定最佳制作配方及工艺:脂肪模拟品添加量60%(占油脂)、水添加量45%、糖添加量12%、发酵时间3 h.     

魔芋葡甘聚糖和大豆蛋白在面包中的应用

为了改善面包的品质和感官特性,提高其营养,将魔芋精粉和大豆蛋白粉添加到面包中,研究其对面包品质的影响.结果表明:当魔芋精粉添加量为w=0.3%、大豆蛋白粉添加量为w=5%、醒发时间为70min时,所制得的面包色泽金黄、烤香浓郁、组织呈蜂窝状、入口疏松、营养丰富,而且魔芋-大豆面包的菌落总数明显低于普通面包,更有利于保存.     

微晶纤维素的特征分析及其在提升面包品质中的应用

选取了5个厂家生产的微晶纤维素（MCC）,利用扫描电镜、傅里叶红外光谱、X-射线衍射仪等方法分析其特征,并将其按质量分数1.0%、2.0%、3.0%,4.0%,5.0%分别添加在面粉中制作成样品面包,对比MCC提升面包品质的效果.结果表明：(1)不同厂家生产的MCC微观形貌及特征相似.(2)添加MCC面包的感官评价和微观结构随着MCC添加量发生变化,面包中MCC的质量分数为3.0%时为最佳.     

HPMC和GOD对冷冻面团及其烘烤面包品质的影响

将一定量的羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)和葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)分别加至自制冷冻面团中,探究其对冷冻面团及其烘烤面包品质的影响.结果表明:随着HPMC或GOD添加量的增加,冷冻面团的弹性模量及面包比容、弹性、回复性和感官评分先升高后降低,面包硬度、咀嚼性先减小后增大,当HPMC、GOD的添加量分别为0.06%、0.015‰时各指标达到峰值,说明适量添加HPMC或GOD能提高冷冻面团的弹性,改善冷冻面团及其烘烤面包的品质;在冷冻储藏期间,添加HPMC或GOD的冷冻面团及其烘烤面包品质的变化幅度较小,其中添加HPMC的变化幅度最小,说明HPMC和GOD还可以维持冷冻面团的贮藏品质,HPMC的作用效果更好.     

超微杜仲粉对面包品质的影响

以感官评价和质构分析为指标,研究了超微杜仲粉添加量对面包烘焙特性的影响,并探讨超微杜仲粉面包的抗氧化能力.研究结果表明:添加量1.0％～2.0％(质量分数)的杜仲粉会提高面包的感官评价,尤其是在改善面包的气味和色泽方面效果良好.超微杜仲粉对面包比容、水分含量、质构及色泽等品质影响显著.添加量超过1.0％,会使面包的比容...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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