氢冶金的发展历程与关键问题

在“双碳”(碳达峰碳中和)战略背景下,以氢代碳的氢冶金成为钢铁企业优化能源结构和工艺流程、实现绿色低碳可持续发展的有效途径之一。以《联合国气候变化框架公约》和《京都议定书》的通过为时间节点,梳理和追溯了氢冶金的发展历程。从“以煤代焦、以气代焦”到“以氢代碳、以氢减碳”,铁矿石冶炼工艺由以减少焦炭和焦煤依赖为初衷,转变为以降低碳排放为重心,再到以净零碳排放为最终目标,逐渐形成高炉富氢冶炼和全氢直接还原工艺两大技术路线。从目前中国钢铁生产结构以及降碳目标来看,长流程产钢量占90%,高炉炼铁碳排放占比大、基数大。高炉低碳冶炼是规模化实现中国钢铁工业低碳的重要路径,而高炉富氢冶炼对“双碳”过渡时期的炼铁工业应用具有重要意义。从未来钢铁行业发展及能源结构转变来看,全氢直接还原工艺是实现钢铁行业净零碳排放的重要路线。发展氢冶金的关键问题包括如何解决绿色经济化制氢和安全规模化用氢。     

崩塌滚石灾害的力学机理与防治技术

崩塌滚石灾害是中国西部山区一种常见的地质灾害类型,具有突发性和随机性的特点,是山区地质灾害防治的难点和薄弱环节。针对中国崩塌滚石灾害基础研究薄弱,减灾关键技术研发能力不足的问题,开展了崩塌滚石灾害形成条件与形成力学机理的研究,研发了系列耗能减震崩塌滚石灾害防治的新技术。结合汶川地震、芦山地震崩塌滚石灾害防治难题,建设了崩塌滚石灾害防治新技术的试验示范区,并取得了良好的防护效果,为地震灾后重建和崩塌滚石灾害防治新技术的推广应用发挥了重要的示范作用。     

红藻藻胆体的结构及关键色素分析

藻胆体是红藻和蓝藻中的大型水溶性捕光复合体，能吸收较宽范围波长的可见光，能量传递效率高于95%。目前解析的高分辨率藻胆体来自红藻Griffithsia pacifica(太平洋凋毛藻)和Porphyridium purpureum(紫球藻)，在这两个物种中获得了藻胆体完整的蛋白结构，确定了所有连接蛋白的结构和分布，并且在Porphyridium purpureum藻胆体的结构中发现连接 蛋白具有调节藻胆蛋白色素能量状态的作用。文章将针对藻胆体的整体结构和关键色素的微环境进行分析。     

Practical phase-modulation stabilization in quantum key distribution via machine learning

<正>With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,the research team led by Prof.Wang Qin (王琴)at the Institute of Quantum Information and Technology,Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,has developed a new     

A key conserved protective factor in ischemic neurons and astrocytes

<正>Prof.Chen Xiaoqian's laboratory at the School of Basic Medicine,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,reported a key conserved endogenous protective mechanism in ischemic neurons in an article entitled"Selective 14-3-3y induction quenches p-β-catenin Ser37/Bax-enhanced cell death in cerebral cortical neurons during ischemia",which was published in Cell Death Dis(2014,5:e1184).     

某高层框架-剪力墙结构设计要点的探讨

文章采用我国通用的结构设计软件SATWE进行建模和分析,通过工程实例分析结构的动力特性、变形情况、内力特性等,从而对影响高层框架剪力墙结构性能的设计要点进行总结,使分析的结果更接近实际情况.     

Sulfate formation and its key role in severe haze development over China

正Subject Code:B07With the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Prof.Wang Gehui(王格慧)at the State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary,Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and the researchers from China,USA and other countries have revealed a key role of sulfate in the developing process of Chinese haze,which was     

某高层框架—剪力墙结构设计要点的探讨

文章采用我国通用的结构设计软件SATWE进行建模和分析,通过工程实例分析结构的动力特性、变形情况、内力特性等,从而对影响高层框架剪力墙结构性能的设计要点进行总结,使分析的结果更接近实际情况。     

SPOP acts as the key regulatory hub in hypoxia induced kidney cancer

<正>Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the groups of Dr.Liu Jiang at Beijing Institute of Genomics,CAS and Dr.Kevin White from the University of Chicago,reported that the E3ligase adaptor SPOP acts as the key regulatory hub in hypoxia induced tumorigenesis in kidney cancer.The work has been published in Cancer Cell(2014,25(4):455—468).     

投标编制施工组织设计时应注意的问题

文章从技术性和经济性出发,结合中标及赢利两个最终目的,对投标中施工组织设计的编制作了具体分析,提出了几个值得注意的关键性问题.     

Advances in molecular modification and efficient expression of key enzymes for functional saccharide preparation

Functional saccharide is a general term that is often used to refer to the functional oligosaccharides,functional saccharide alcohols,and functional dietary fibers.These functional saccharides exhibit some health benefiting effects,such as having low calorie,preventing dental caries,and regulating intestinal disorders.Functional saccharides are widely used in food,health products,and the healthcare fields.The preparation of functional saccharides is accomplished mainly through reactions involving transglycosylation,isomerization,or hydrolysis catalyzed by glycosyltransferases,saccharide isomerases,and glycohydrolases,respectively.However,the poor catalytic properties of natural enzymes and low fermentation yields have restricted the large-scale industrial production of functional saccharides.Therefore,molecular modification and efficient expression of key enzymes for functional-saccharide preparation are very important for promoting the low-cost large-scale production of functional saccharides.In this report,the recent advances in functional optimization and expression preparation of enzymes related to functional saccharides are reviewed.     

大激活熵是触发非晶合金记忆效应的关键

非晶/玻璃等非平衡态材料在能量驱动下会逐渐“老化”（ageing），体积和能量状态逐渐降低，这是非平衡态材料的本征特征之一。不同于“老化”的自然演化规律，记忆效应是指非晶合金经历先低温再高温两步退火时，焓或体积会先增加而后降低至平衡态。如果材料或体系达到热平衡态，初态和历史的记忆将被彻底遗忘。半个世纪以来，人们对记忆效应的理解局限于诸如Tool-Narayanaswamy-Moynihan（TNM）模型等唯象层面，对其物理起源仍不清楚。通过研究非晶合金在单步和两步退火中的弛豫规律，发现非晶合金中存在从β弛豫向α弛豫的等温转变现象，并进一步发现大激活熵是触发记忆效应的关键。这些结果对理解玻璃等非平衡态材料的物理本质和精准调控其性能具有重要意义。     

青藏高原关键区域土地覆被变化及生态建设反思*

青藏高原独特而敏感的生态系统,是中国生态安全屏障的重要载体,也是区域经济发展的必要基础。生态建设是生态文明的需求,也是社会经济可持续发展的保障。由于青藏高原内部自然条件差异显著,各区生态功能及区域问题也不尽相同,生态建设亟需因地制宜地提出建设与保护的对策和措施。本文从生态系统的主要功能、脆弱程度、变化趋势及面临风险等特征,辨识出阿里西部、那曲中南部、三江源地区和三江并流区等4 个生态建设的关键区;并在分析各区环境和生态特征与土地覆被变化及其原因的基础上,提出了稳定和提升青藏高原生态安全屏障功能的措施与建议,对于高原生态安全屏障保护与建设具有重要的参考价值。