Observation of coupled magnetic and electric domains

Ferroelectromagnets are an interesting group of compounds that complement purely (anti-)ferroelectric or (anti-)ferromagnetic materials--they display simultaneous electric and magnetic order. With this coexistence they supplement materials in which magnetization can be induced by an electric field and electrical polarization by a magnetic field, a property which is termed the magnetoelectric effect. Aside from its fundamental importance, the mutual control of electric and magnetic properties is of significant interest for applications in magnetic storage media and 'spintronics'. The coupled electric and magnetic ordering in ferroelectromagnets is accompanied by the formation of domains and domain walls. However, such a cross-correlation between magnetic and electric domains has so far not been observed. Here we report spatial maps of coupled antiferromagnetic and ferroelectric domains in YMnO3, obtained by imaging with optical second harmonic generation. The coupling originates from an interaction between magnetic and electric domain walls, which leads to a configuration that is dominated by the ferroelectromagnetic product of the order parameters.     

Krull型整环的扩张与伪SM整环

设R是有单位元的整环.本文刻画了Prüfer整环的扩环与Krull型整环的关系,以及R在L中的整闭包R Lc有PIT的等价条件,寻求到R Lw是Krull型整环的条件.另外,本文类比SM整环,定义了伪SM整环,研究了Krull型整环,H整环,伪SM整环与Krull整环的关系.给出了一个整环R是伪SM整环,不是SM整环的例子.证明了R是Krull型整环,又是伪SM整环,那么R是H整环;证明了R是Krull型整环,又是伪SM整环,w-dim(R)=1,那么R是Krull整环;以及证明了Krull型整环R既是TL整环,又是伪SM整环,则Rwg=K.     

Krull型整环与几类特殊整环

设R是有单位元的整环.本文用通常的星型算子来刻画Krull型整环与其它几类特殊整环之间的关系.本文证明了若dim(R)≥2,则R的每个素w-理想的高度为1当且仅当任给R的素理想P,若htP≥2,那么P是强w-可逆理想.另外,若R是Krull型整环,dim(R)≥2,w-dim(R)=1,且为H整环,那么,对任给R的素w-理想M,则M是w-可逆理想,当且仅当M不是强w-理想,当且仅当RM是离散赋值环,当且仅当RM是赋值环.同时,我们给出了有限特征的GCD整环与Krull型整环的一些等价条件.最后,我们论证了若R是Prufer整环,又是Krull型整环,任给非零非单位a∈R,则有R是阿基米德整环当且仅当a含在R的某个极小素理想中.     

平面区域的拟共形形变

讨论平面单连通区域之间拟共形形变的转换，并由此获得圆环区域上拟共形形变的边界值特征，以及一般区域上唯一极值拟共形形变的判定。     

A structural taxonomy of DNA-binding domains

The structures of several classes of DNA-binding domains reveal a variety of designs for recognizing a specific site on DNA.     

拟连续Domain的特征与浓度

在定向完备偏序集(即Dcpo)上引入局部拟基和稠密子集族的概念,在此基础上定义了拟连续Domain的特征和浓度.利用局部拟基给出拟连续Domain新的等价刻画,并探讨了拟连续Domain的特征、浓度与该拟连续Domain上赋予Scott拓扑或Lawson拓扑时的拓扑空间的特征、浓度之间的关系.证明了拟连续Domain的特征(浓度)等于其上赋予Scott拓扑时的拓扑空间的特征(浓度),且小于等于其上赋予Lawson拓扑时的拓扑空间的特征(浓度).     

Electron-spin domains: magnetic enhancement of superconductivity

An inhomogeneous superconducting state, not yet conclusively identified, was predicted by Fulde and Ferrell and Larkin and Ovchinnikov (FFLO) to arise in superconductors with strong Pauli limiting, a consequence of the electrons' Zeeman (spin) energy in a magnetic field. Radovan et al. propose that the observed cascades of steps in magnetization of the heavy fermion superconductor CeCoIn5, within the recently discovered second low-temperature state, are due to transitions between Landau-level (LL) states with different m-quanta vortices, expected under certain conditions when the magnetic field is swept within the FFLO state. The authors then conclude that the observed steps in magnetization constitute a proof that the low-temperature state in CeCoIn5 is indeed an FFLO state. We argue that this interpretation of the observed steps in magnetization cannot be supported on either quantitative or qualitative grounds.     

Bergman kernels on generalized Hua domains

The Bergman kernel functions with explicit formulas of the generalized Hua domains are obtained. And the holomorphic automorphism group for each generalized Hua domain is also given.     

Wandering domains in the transcendental dynamics

It is shown that new classes of non-critically finite entire functions do not have wandering domains.     

'Pseudo' domains in phage-encoded DNA methyltransferases

5-Cytosine-DNA-methyltransferases, which are found in many organisms ranging from bacteriophages to mammals, transfer a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to the carbon-5 of a cytosine residue in specific DNA target sequences. Some phage-encoded methyltransferases methylate more than one sequence: these enzymes contain several independent target-recognizing domains each responsible for recognizing a different site. The amino-acid sequences of these multispecific methyltransferases reveal that some enzymes in addition carry domains that do not contribute to the enzymes' methylation potential, but strongly resemble previously identified target-recognizing domains. Here we show that introducing defined amino-acid alterations into these inactive domains endows these enzymes with additional methylation specificities. Gel retardation analysis demonstrates that these novel methylation specificities correlate with the acquisition of additional DNA-binding potential of the proteins.     

Natural-like function in artificial WW domains

Protein sequences evolve through random mutagenesis with selection for optimal fitness. Cooperative folding into a stable tertiary structure is one aspect of fitness, but evolutionary selection ultimately operates on function, not on structure. In the accompanying paper, we proposed a model for the evolutionary constraint on a small protein interaction module (the WW domain) through application of the SCA, a statistical analysis of multiple sequence alignments. Construction of artificial protein sequences directed only by the SCA showed that the information extracted by this analysis is sufficient to engineer the WW fold at atomic resolution. Here, we demonstrate that these artificial WW sequences function like their natural counterparts, showing class-specific recognition of proline-containing target peptides. Consistent with SCA predictions, a distributed network of residues mediates functional specificity in WW domains. The ability to recapitulate natural-like function in designed sequences shows that a relatively small quantity of sequence information is sufficient to specify the global energetics of amino acid interactions.     

The Bergman kernels on Cartan-Hartogs domains

The main point is the calculation of the Bergman kernel for the so-called Cartan-Har-togs domains. The Bergman kernels on four types of Cartan-Hartogs domains are given in explicit formulas. First by introducing the idea of semi-Reinhardt domain is given, of which the Cartan-Hartogs domains are a special case. Following the ideas developed in the classic monograph of Hua, the Bergman kernel for these domains is calculated. Along this way, the method of "inflation", is made use of due to Boas, Fu and Straube.