共路移相剪切干涉测量仪的研制

介绍一种用于非球面面形测量的剪切干涉仪。仪器采用新型剪切发生器,可实现完全共光路和分步相移干涉,其结构简单,有较好的抗干扰性、稳定性和可靠性,实验结果表明、仪器重复性达到λ／５０。     

非旋转轴对称非球面象散分布测量

本文描述了渐变焦眼镜片上的非旋转轴对称非球面的象散分布测量方法，系统地介绍了所采用的泰曼－格林干涉仪和横向剪切干涉仪的两种测量原理与实验装置，并将这两种仪器的测量结果进行了比较．     

高强度钢正交切削过程中剪切变形局部化研究

通过正交切削实验对高强度钢30CrNi3MoV锯齿形切屑内剪切变形局部化的临界切削条件和绝热剪切带的分布规律以及微结构特征进行了研究．结果表明,因切屑剪切区内发生剪切变形局部化,在一定临界切削速度下切屑由带状屑转变为锯齿形切屑;对临界切削速度的理论预测和实验结果基本一致．随着切削速度的增加,剪切带的宽度和间距随之减小．在锯齿形切屑内发现两种剪切带即形变剪切带和白色剪切带．TEM观察表明,白色剪切带中心为等轴晶粒,剪切带内的组织结构经历了一系列复杂的演变过程．     

大块金属玻璃中由热软化和自由体积产生诱导的剪切带行为比较

比较研究了大块金属玻璃中由热软化和自由体积产生诱导的剪切带行为．首先讨论了大块金属玻璃中剪切失稳的热软化和自由体积产生效应．众所周知,在普通金属材料中,由塑性功转变来的热是其形成热塑剪切带的主要原因,并且是与能量直接相关的．与热软化相比,自由体积产生是金属玻璃发生剪切失稳的另外一种主控因素,由自由体积产生诱导的剪切失稳与由热软化诱导的剪切失稳完全不同,失稳判据中不显含能量．尤其是自由体积产生时的长波扰动总是不稳定的．从而,由自由体积产生和热软化耦合时的剪切失稳更像是由自由体积产生引发的．同时,在金属玻璃中,复合自由体积产生提供了一种特殊和内在的剪切失稳特征生长时间．剪切带的特征宽度由剪切带内相应的扩散过程控制：热扩散和自由体积扩散．作为粗略的估计,用无量纲数B,Deborah数（表示失稳生长率和载荷时间关系）和Lewis数（表示不同扩散竞争）表示了热软化和自由体积产生在剪切带形成过程中的相对重要性．这些结果对于理解大块金属玻璃剪切带形成机理具有非常重要的意义．     

RLWT与APA试验原理的有限元模拟

近年来,沥青路面的高温抗车辙性能与设计标准的符合性备受关注。多轮车辙仪RLWT和沥青路面分析仪APA是用来检测路面芯样抗车辙性能的重要仪器。通过有限元分析,比较了2种仪器的试验原理。结果表明,RLWT试验方法对试件内部损伤的反应更加敏感;试件承受整体的剪切和弯拉作用;试件表面2 cm以下,RLWT试件的剪应力和剪应变明显大于APA试件,RLWT试验方法更侧重于对试件的剪切性能的评价。因此,对于高温下混合料芯样抗剪切性能的评价,优先选用RLWT试验方法。研究成果对沥青路面施工质量和对于设计的符合性检验具有重要的指导意义。     

聚合物粘度剪切损失与恢复的研究

对聚合物粘度随机械剪切的损失及恢复进行了研究．在研究中使用了日本聚合物ＡＣ５３０和国产聚丙烯酰胺，实验分别是在开放的有氧条件和密闭的Ｎ２气保护的无氧条件下进行的．实验结果表明，无论是ＡＣ５３０还是国产聚合物，机械剪切都会造成其粘度的急剧降低，这种降低不会在放置下恢复．甲醛对聚合物的剪切损失抑制作用很低．实验结果还表明，聚合物的剪切损失与氧的存在关系不大，在无氧情况下的剪切损失和有氧时基本相近，在无氧条件下聚合物的剪切损失也不会恢复．     

土的剪切试验方法及其强度指标的分析与选用

1 引言 土的抗剪强度指标是掐土的内摩擦角Φ和粘聚力C。Φ、C值是挡土墙设计土压力计算、地基承载力确定、土坡稳定性分析、地基稳定性计算。地基基础设计的重要参数。准确测定Φ、C值,最直接和有效的方法是做原状土的剪切试验来获得。由于取土技术条件等因素,对于无法取得原状上样的土类,应采用现场大型剪切试验;对于软塑状态的粘性土,可采用现场十字板剪切试验;对于取土质量较高的土样,可以选用原状上室内剪切试验确定[1]。室内剪切试验常用的仪器主要有直接剪切仪和三轴剪切仪两种。根据太沙基有效应力原理,土的抗剪强度是由…     

机械剪切超声空化复合乳化装置的研制

在对单一的机械剪切式和单一的超声波乳化优劣的基础上提出了机械剪切超声空化复合作用的乳化模式．设计研制了复合作用乳化装置．试验结果表明．先进行机械式剪切再进行超声乳化的工作模式有较理想的效果．     

重庆市某垃圾填埋场填埋体的强度特性试验

随着经济和社会的发展,越来越多的垃圾场严重威胁着城市的发展．通过在现场采集垃圾土样,在室内利用直接剪切仪及三轴剪力仪等仪器进行了土工试验,根据试验结果分析研究了城市生活垃圾填埋体的结构自稳性与垃圾土强度的关系、垃圾土强度参数的变化规律及影响因素．对新建垃圾场的设计与施工及封场后的垃圾场的再利用有着实际的参考意义．结果表明：垃圾土的组成成分、颗粒大小、含水量,压实方法、压实程度和填埋时问、降解程度等因素都直接影响着垃圾土的强度特性．     

断裂力学逆问题及应力法剪切的几个问题

讨论了一个与应力法剪切有关的断裂力学逆问题．基于这个逆问题，分析了应力法剪切的裂纹扩展方向以及轴向间隙和裂纹扩展方向的关系；进而提出了规则剪断定律和应力法剪切的预加载荷方式．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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