温氧合血诱导停搏及终末再灌注心肌保护的研究

目的：对比研究4℃冷晶体停搏液间断灌注和温氧合血诱导停搏及终末再灌注的心肌保护作用。方法：选择40例术前心功能Ⅲ-Ⅳ级（NYHA分级）需在体外循环下施行心内直视手术的风湿性心脏病患，随机分成主动脉根部4℃冷晶体停搏液间断灌注的冷晶体组（n=20），主动脉根部温氧合血顺灌诱导停搏及终末再灌注，4℃冷晶体停搏液间断灌注维持停搏的温血组（n=20）。两组病例在性别、年龄、体重、手术种类、术前心功能、机器预充液、体外转流时问、主动脉阻断时间、开放时温度等均无显差异。通过（1）临床观察心脏自动复跳率及复苏后心律紊乱情况；（2）测定停跳前、复跳后0、6、12、18、24小时的血浆心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cTnⅠ）。（3）停跳前及开放后10分钟取右心室流出道心肌活检，观察心肌超微结构改变及用FlaMeng线粒体半定量分析法对线粒体作量化计分。结果：（1）临床观察心脏自动复跳率，温血组（95％）明显高于冷晶体组（40％）（P＜0.01）（2）体外循环后温血组血浆cTnⅠ明显低于冷晶体组，温血组cTnⅠ高峰出现时间（复跳后12小时）较冷晶体组（复跳后18小时）早；（2）线粒体量化计分分数反映复跳后心脏超微结构，温血组心肌损伤较冷晶体组轻。结论心脏自动复跳率、血浆cTnⅠ、心肌超微结构改变及线粒体量化计分能反映心肌缺血及再灌注损伤。温氧合血诱导停搏及终末再灌注较冷晶体停搏液心肌保护效果为好，对心功能不全，心肌能贮低下的高危病例应采用温氧合血诱导停搏及终末再灌注。     

参附注射液对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注细胞凋亡的影响

通过观察参附注射液对缺血再灌注心肌超微结构和细胞凋亡参数的影响 ,探讨参附注射液拮抗心肌缺血再灌注损伤的作用机制 .使用结扎 /松解左冠状动脉前降支缺血 60min,再灌注 2 4 0min复制缺血再灌注动物模型 .Sprague_Dawley(SD)大鼠 40只随机分为 5组 :对照组(Ⅰ组 ,n =8) ,缺血再灌注组(Ⅱ组 ,1 /R组 ,n =8) ,参附组 (Ⅲ组 ,n=8) ,红参组 (Ⅳ组 ,n =8) ,附子组 (Ⅴ组 ,n =8) .Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ各治疗组在缺血前 1 0min经静脉分别注射参附注射液 (1 0mg/kg)、红参注射液 (9mg/kg)、附子注射液 (1mg/kg) ,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组在缺血前 1 0min经静脉注射同等容积生理盐水 .测定心肌组织丙二醛 (MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)值 ;电镜观察心肌细胞超微结构变化 ;TUNEL法原位标记凋亡心肌细胞 ,免疫组化和图像分析技术检测心肌细胞内Bcl_2、Bax蛋白表达 .与Ⅱ组比较 ,Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ各治疗组 ,心肌组织MDA明显降低 ,有极显著差异(P <0 .0 1 ) .III组与IV组、V组之间比较 ,MDA降低 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5) .SOD活性明显升高 ,有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5) .心肌超微结构病变明显改善、减轻 .心肌细胞凋亡指数和Bax蛋白含量显著减少(P <0 .0 1 ) ,Bcl_2蛋白含量显著增多 (P <0 .0 1 ) .参附注射液具有抗大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤作用 ,     

氧合温血持续灌注心肌保护的临床观察

60例心内直视手术,应用温氧合血持续灌注行心肌保护,与冷晶体停跳液进行比较。观察心肌酶学改变,心脏自动复跳率,术后心功能及应用血管正性肌力药物的情况,结果温血持续灌注组心肌酶释放量明显减少,心脏自动复跳率高,术后功能稳定,血管正性肌力药物用量减少。说明温血灌注能提高心肌的抗缺血能力,减轻心肌损伤程度。     

参麦注射液对先天性心脏病体外循环术后血浆P选择素的影响

评价参麦注射液对体外循环术后P选择素的影响,探讨其对体外循环手术的心肌保护作用机理。60例简单先天性心脏病行体外循环手术患者,均为室间隔缺损、房间隔缺损、肺动脉狭窄,年龄2～30岁,随机分为2组,对照组（n=30）按照常规行体外循环手术;治疗组在对照组基础上予参麦注射液1ml/kg/d＋10%葡萄糖注射液1ml/kg/di,v drip qd×3d（术前2d＋术后1d）。分别测定术前（T0）、术毕2h（T1）、术后5h（T2）、术后72h（T3）的P选择素浓度。两组血浆P选择素浓度均在缺血再灌注后2h即明显升高,随后回落;但实验组升高的幅度明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）。参麦注射液对体外循环手术围术期有一定的心肌保护作用。     

利多卡因和丙泊酚复合静脉麻醉在腹腔镜子宫切除术中的应用

目的通过综合评估不同剂量的丙泊酚和利多卡因复合应用于腹腔镜子宫切除术麻醉的可行性,并摸索适合的临床用药剂量。方法将60例择期行腹腔镜子宫切除手术患者,随机分为3组,给予不同剂量的丙泊酚和利多卡因维持麻醉。连续监测脑电双频指数（BIS）,血流动力学参数,苏醒情况。结果各组患者诱导后BIS值均明显降低,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组术中患者BIS值明显低于Ⅰ组。血液动力学参数变化Ⅰ组他时点心率（HR）低于阳时点,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ组T1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6时点无刨平均动脉压（MAP）低于T0（P均〈0．05）。组间比较：Ⅱ组T2、T4时点MAP分别低于Ⅰ组相应时点,差异有统计学意义（P均〈0．05）。Ⅲ组患者自主呼吸恢复时间和唤之睁眼时间与Ⅰ、Ⅱ组相比明显增加,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。Ⅰ组中有1例发生术中知晓,而Ⅲ、Ⅱ组无此情况。各组拔管时间、定向力恢复时间比较差异无统计学意义。结论丙泊酚和利多卡因复合静脉麻醉在腹腔镜子宫切除手术中应用具有可行性,推荐剂量为利多卡因1mg／（kg·h）加丙泊酚3mg／（kg·h）。     

人参皂甙对大鼠缺血再灌注心肌保护作用的研究

研究人参皂甙对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注心肌细胞凋亡的拮抗作用及其对缺血再灌注心肌保护作用的机制。用电镜观察心肌细胞的超微结构变化,TUNEL法原位标记凋亡的心肌细胞,免疫组化技术和图像分析技术检测心肌细胞内Bcl-2蛋白的表达。缺血再灌注组电镜观察发现,心肌细胞出现典型凋亡结构特征。TUNEL染色结果表明：用人参皂甙保护后的心肌细胞凋亡指数明显下降（P＜0．01）,而心肌细胞内Bcl-2蛋白表达明显升高（P＜0．01）。     

酚妥拉明在高原喘憋性肺炎合并心衰中的应用

本文对某南高原地区1994－1996年冬春季节发病的136例喘憋性肺炎合并心衰患儿随机分为三组：Ⅰ组应用酚妥拉明加两地兰联合治疗；Ⅱ期单用酚妥拉明；Ⅲ组单用西地兰。结果Ⅰ组疗效明显优于Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组，差异显著，临床各项观察指标间（除住院天（0．05外）均有高度显著性（P均＜0．01）。说明联合用药在高原地区治疗喘憋性肺炎合并心衰有一定的临床实用价值。其次本文结果还表明：藏回、汉回两族间对药物反应有高度显著性，P性＜0．005。     

黄芪对肠缺血再灌损伤时肠外器官的保护作用

为了观察黄芪对肠缺血再灌注引起肠外多器官损伤的保护作用，用无创伤动脉夹夹闭大鼠肠系膜上动脉60min后松夹再灌注，建立肠缺血再灌注损伤模型，于再灌注前30min股静脉注射黄芪（AM）。试验用大鼠126只，体重200－260g，雌雄各半，随机分为假手术对照组（Con)、肠缺血再灌注手术组（I／R）、生理盐水（NS）处理组、黄芪（AM）处理组和血清TNF测定组。血清中的谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、尿素（Urea)、肌酐（Cr)、尿酸（UA）含量作为肝、肾功能测定指标。结果I／R组大鼠肝、肾功能的生化指标升高，与Con组比较有显著性差异（P＜0．01）；I／R组大鼠肝、肺、肾组织中的丙二醛（MDA）含量比Con组显著升高（P＜0．01），超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性比Con组显著降低（P＜0．01），外周血肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）浓度随着灌注时间延长而增加。AM可缓解肠I／R对器官的损伤，减少MDA的生成，增强SOD的清除能力，抑制TNF生成。提示AM对肠I／R引起的多器官损伤有保护作用。     

生姜醇提取物对家兔肝脏缺血——再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的：探讨生姜醇提取物对家兔肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法：健康家兔18只,随机均分为3组：假手术正常对照组（C组,n=6）;肝脏缺血再灌注损伤模型组（IR组,n=6）;生姜醇提取物干预组（ZGB组,n=6）（1．4g／kg）。检测肝组织丙二醛含量、谷光甘肽过氧化物酶活性及血清谷丙转氨酶含量。光镜下比较各组肝组织损伤情况。结果：肝缺血再灌注模型组ALT、MDA含量明显高于假手术正常对照组（P〈0．05）,GSH—Px活力则降低（P〈0．05）;生姜醇提取物干预组ALT,MDA含量均明显低于肝缺血再灌注模型组（P〈0．05）,而GSH—Px活力高于肝缺血再灌注模型组（P〈0．05）;光镜下生姜醇提取物干预组肝细胞损伤程度较肝缺血再灌注模型组轻。结论：生姜醇提取物对家兔肝脏缺血再灌注损伤具有显著的保护作用。     

芬太尼联合东莨菪碱预处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 探讨芬太尼联合东莨菪碱预处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注后的心肌保护效应.方法 24只雌性大鼠随机分为3组（每组8只）：即C组（心肌缺血再灌注组）、F组（芬太尼组）、F＋D组（芬太尼＋东莨菪碱组）.记录缺血前、再灌注即刻、再灌注30 min、再灌注120 min等的心率（HR）、左心室收缩压峰值（LVSP）、左心室舒张末压（LVEDP）、左心室收缩及舒张最大压力变化速率（±dp/dtmax）.再灌注120 min后,均取动脉血样3 mL,测定血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力、血清丙二醛（MDA）浓度、一氧化氮（NO）的浓度进行统计分析.结果 血液动力学的各组时间节点间的HR和LVEDP无显著差异（P＞0.05）,LVSP、±dp/dtmaxF组在再灌注30 min、120 min时较C组显著升高（P＜0.05）,F＋D组则显著高于F组（P＜0.05）.生化指标中F＋D组的SOD活力与C组和F组比较无显著差异（P＞0.05）,F＋D组的MDA浓度显著低于其余两组（P＜0.05）,F组和F＋D组的NO浓度都明显高于C组（P＜0.05）.各组心律失常严重程度评分,F＋D组最低（P＜0.05）.结论 芬太尼联合东莨菪碱比单纯使用芬太尼预处理具有更好的对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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