半圆环折返管内长江水固液两相流的数值模拟

应用欧拉两相流模型和计算流体力学对含沙长江水在半圆环形折返管中的流动进行了数值模拟,模拟结果表明,在雷诺数Re为2.8×104时,泥沙代表粒径ds为0.030 3 mm的颗粒在各种弯曲度(R/r)的折返管中都有一定的分离效果; 但对于代表粒径ds为0.010 2 mm的颗粒基本没有分离效果;对具有明显分离效果的代表粒径ds为0.108 5 mm的颗粒,当弯管弯曲度R/r在10～40的范围内其分离程度相对较小.     

旋转圆盘上液固两相流冲刷磨损数值模拟研究

对旋转圆盘内液固两相流冲刷腐损过程进行了数值模拟研究.数值模拟研究采用欧拉-拉格朗日方法来模拟液固两相流动,即通过在欧拉坐标系下求解流体相的雷诺时均方程组来模拟流体流场,通过拉格朗日坐标系下的随机轨道模型来获得固体颗粒相的运动轨迹.将最终数值模拟结果和实验测量数据进行了比较,结果表明文中构建的综合模型基本上是正确和可行的.     

大颗粒流化床中颗粒受力的数值模拟

通过数值计算模拟了大颗粒鼓泡流化床中颗粒的受力情况．在模拟过程中，气相采用了欧拉描述方法，颗粒相运动过程的模拟采用了离散单元法．利用软球模型模化颗粒之间的碰撞力，分别研究了3种流化数下温度为300K、内含11000个直径3mm颗粒的流化床中，瞬间颗粒受力在床内的分布情况．结果表明：在通常情况下，乳化相区域颗粒受到的气体曳力平均值一般是其自身重力的1～2倍；除气泡内部外，颗粒所受到的碰撞力亦高于颗粒自身的重力；流化数越高，则床内碰撞力越大，当流化数为1．67后，碰撞力已成为影响床内颗粒无规则运动的主要因素．     

数值模拟喷射夹角对VIGA制粉雾化过程的影响

通过计算流体力学软件数值模拟和实验相结合的方法，以高温合金雾化过程中气、液、固三相的交互作用机制为研究对象，采用欧拉-拉格朗日法的VOF(volume of fluid)多相流模型和DPM(discrete phase model) 离散相方法，研究了喷射夹角对熔体主雾化和二次雾化过程TAB(Taylor analogy breakup)破碎过程和粒度分布的影响，并与同步实验结果进行了对比.研究结果表明，随着喷射夹角的增大，回流区面积逐渐减小.金属熔体的初次破碎形态呈“倒喷泉状→伞状”，初次液滴的尺寸为0.3~0.9mm.初次破碎液滴的气体韦伯数(We)为10~90，随喷射夹角的增大，粉末的平均粒径逐渐降低，喷射夹角为36°时，实验制备的粉末粒径与数值模拟得到的粉末粒径基本一致，表明了数值模拟合金雾化破碎过程的合理性.     

基于EDEM-FLUENT耦合的滚筒冷渣机颗粒轴向扩散运动

基于欧拉-拉格朗日、离散单元法理论,利用EDEM-FLUENT耦合方法,考虑了气相对颗粒的相互作用,以及颗粒与颗粒之间的碰撞,对滚筒冷渣机六棱形冷渣管料床中灰渣颗粒轴向扩散进行了数值模拟分析,得出了灰渣颗粒在填充度25%,颗粒滚落状态下的动态休止角θd=29°,安装倾斜角3°工况下,轴向扩散运动随滚筒转速n(5 r/min ~ 10 r/min)、颗粒粒径d(1.5 mm ~ 3.5 mm)的变化规律。实验结果表明：当粒径一定时,轴向扩散系数随着转速n的增大而增大,相比5 r/min转速,10 r/min转速下颗粒轴向扩散系数增大了23.6%;当滚筒转速一定时,轴向扩散系数随着粒径的增大而增大。粒径d从1.5 mm增加到3 mm及3.5 mm时,轴向扩散系数分别增大了3倍和7.06倍。轴向扩散系数越大,颗粒轴向运动就越剧烈,滚筒出力越强,炉渣处理效率越高。     

湿颗粒材料筒仓卸料过程的离散元模拟

为研究含液量较少情况下湿颗粒材料的筒仓卸料过程,采用接触点绑定和自定义本构两种途径模拟液桥力,数值算例分析了含水量对颗粒流动性的影响,并通过提取仓壁底端压力峰值和统计颗粒阻塞概率,对干颗粒和湿颗粒在筒仓卸料过程中宏观特性的不同作了分析。得出仓壁底端压力峰值发生在卸料过程中,干颗粒压力峰值高于湿颗粒;筒仓卸料过程中,粒径均匀分布的颗粒其阻塞概率要大于单一粒径的颗粒,湿颗粒阻塞概率大于干颗粒,液桥力整体上对颗粒流动有阻碍作用。数值算例表明了两种途径在模拟湿颗粒材料流动行为时的有效性和可行性。     

骨架颗粒组成对散粒土管涌规律影响的试验研究

利用改进的渗透装置试验研究了细颗粒(0.075～1 mm)含量相同时骨架颗粒组成含量不同对散粒土的管涌发生临界条件以及颗粒侵蚀流失规律的影响,结果表明：不同颗粒级配的试样在管涌发生前,水力梯度与渗流速度呈线性关系,基本符合达西定律;骨架颗粒1～2、2～3、3～5 mm 3个粒径段对管涌发展起到了阻碍作用,其中1～2 mm粒径段颗粒对管涌孔隙的堵塞作用强于另外两个粒径段颗粒;对于不同级配的骨架颗粒,其不均匀系数越大,试样的下限临界水力梯度值就越大,细颗粒越不易起动,发生管涌的时间越晚,而不同级配的骨架颗粒对试样的上限临界水力梯度影响较小。     

异质柱形颗粒与球形颗粒混合流动特性的CFD-DEM数值模拟分析

针对成型生物质颗粒与流化介质在气固流化床中的混合流动过程,采用数值模拟对该过程进行描述和分析。应用Fortran语言编程,构建复杂组分的三维气固两相流模型,在介观尺度下对流化床中异质异形颗粒的混合流动模拟问题进行研究。在欧拉和拉格朗日框架下,分别采用不同方法构造柱形颗粒:在CFD模型中,采用虚拟小球法描述柱形颗粒,引入体积分数改进曳力系数公式;在DEM部分,采用球元叠加法构造柱形颗粒,引入软球模型计算颗粒间的碰撞力。基于上述方法,模拟表观气速分别为1.0 m/s和2.0 m/s时的柱形生物质与石英砂混合流动的物理过程,并将模拟结果与试验结果进行对比。研究结果表明:该方法能较好地模拟在鼓泡床状态下异质柱形颗粒与球形颗粒混合流动的过程。     

应用离散单元法对二维流化床内流态进行数值模拟研究

采用基于颗粒轨道模型的欧拉-拉格朗日数值模拟方法,将广泛应用于岩土力学中的离散单元法DEM (Distinct Element Method)引入流体力学中以计算颗粒与颗粒之间的作用力,同时考虑颗粒与流体间的相互作用(双向耦合),对二维流化床进行数值模拟,结果与实验观察到的现象基本一致,预示着离散单元法在密相气固两相流数值模拟研究中具有广阔的前景.     

含微小颗粒气流横掠圆管束表面的沉积特性

基于欧拉-拉格朗日粒子追踪模型和干燥粒子的沉积机制,采用Fluent-CFD软件和自编微粒沉积用户程序对含微小颗粒的气流横掠3×3阵列圆管束表面的粒子沉积特性进行数值研究。研究结果表明:随着粒径或进气气流速度增加,颗粒在管束表面的碰撞率增加,但黏附率降低;管排方式对小粒径颗粒影响较小,对大粒径颗粒影响较大;当粒子直径达到某一值后,尽管对壁面的碰撞能力加剧,但几乎不形成沉积。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.