H_∞-based fault detection for nonlinear networked systems with random packet dropout and probabilistic interval delay

The fault detection problem for the nonlinear networked control system(NCS) with packet dropout and delay is investigated.A nonlinear stochastic system model is proposed to account for the NCS with random packet dropout and networkinduced non-uniformly distributed time-varying delay in both from sensor to controller(S/C) and from controller to actuator(C/A).Based on the obtained NCS model,employing an observer-based fault detection filter as the residual generator,the addressed fault detection problem is converted into an auxiliary nonlinear H∞ control problem.Then,with the help of Lyapunov functional approach,a sufficient condition for the desired fault detection filter is constructed in terms of certain linear matrix inequalities,which depend on not only the delay interval but also the delay interval occurrence rate and successful packet communication rate.Especially,a trade-off phenomenon between the maximum allowable delay bound and successful data packet transmission rate is found,which is typically resulted from the limited bandwidth of communication networks.The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by a simulation example.     

Observer-based fault detection scheme for a class of discrete time-delay systems

In this contribution, robust fault detection problems for discrete time-delay systems with l2-norm bounded unknown inputs are studied. The basic idea of our study is first to introduce a state-memoryless observer-based fault detection filter (FDF) as the residual generator and then to formulate such a FDF design problem as an Hen optimization problem in the sense of increasing the sensitivity of residual to the faults, while simultaneously enhancing the robustness of residual to unknown input as well as plant input. The main results consist of the formulation of such a residual generation optimization problem, solvability conditions and the derivation of an analytic solution. The residual evaluation problem is also considered, which includes the determination of residual evaluation function and threshold. A numerical example is used to demonstrate the proposed fault detection scheme.     

Ho∞-based fault detection for nonlinear networked systems with random packet dropout and probabilistic interval delay

The fault detection problem for the nonlinear networked control system (NCS) with packet dropout and delay is investigated.A nonlinear stochastic system model is proposed to account for the NCS with random packet dropout and networkinduced non-uniformly distributed time-varying delay in both from sensor to controller (S/C) and from controller to actuator (C/A).Based on the obtained NCS model,employing an observer-based fault detection filter as the residual generator,the addressed fault detection problem is converted into an auxiliary nonlinear H∞ control problem.Then,with the help of Lyapunov functional approach,a sufficient condition for the desired fault detection filter is constructed in terms of certain linear matrix inequalities,which depend on not only the delay interval but also the delay interval occurrence rate and successful packet communication rate.Especially,a trade-off phenomenon between the maximum allowable delay bound and successful data packet transmission rate is found,which is typically resulted from the limited bandwidth of communication networks.The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by a simulation example.     

Fault Detection for Uncertain Delta Operator Systems with Two-Channel Packet Dropouts via a Switched Systems Approach

This paper utilizes a switched systems approach to deal with the problem of fault detection(FD) for uncertain delta operator networked control systems(NCSs) with packet dropouts and timevarying delays. Uncertainties exist in the matrices of the systems and are norm-bounded time-varying.Two parts of packet dropouts are considered in this paper: From sensors to controllers, and from controllers to actuators. Two independent Bernoulli distributed white sequences are introduced to account for packet dropouts. Then an FD filter is designed under an arbitrary switching law. Furthermore, the sufficient conditions for the NCSs under consideration that are exponentially stable in the mean-square sense and satisfy H∞ performance are obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities(LMIs), multiple Lyapunov functions(MLF) and average dwell-time(ADT) approach. The explicit expression of the desired filter parameters is given. Finally, a numerical example verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Fault Detection for Complex Systems with Channel Fadings,Randomly Occurring Multiple Delays and Infinitely Distributed Delays

This paper is concerned with the fault detection(FD) problem for a class of discretetime stochastic systems with channel fadings, randomly occurring multiple communication delays,and infinitely distributed delays. All of the three phenomena have the characteristics of randomly occurring and three sequences of stochastic variables which are mutually independent but obey the Bernoulli distribution are employed to describe them. The aim of this paper is to design an FD filter such that the FD dynamics is exponentially stable in the mean square and, at the same time, the error between the residual signal and the fault signal is made as small as possible. Intensive analysis is utilized to derive the sufficient conditions for the designed FD filter, which guarantees the exponential stability and the prescribed H∞ performance. FD filter parameters are obtained by solving a convex optimization problem. An illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the FD design scheme.     

一种基于混合系统滤波器的NCS系统故障诊断方法

针对一类具有随机传输时滞的网络化控制系统,在考虑时滞无界的情况下(最坏网络传输),提出了一种基于故障检测滤波器的故障诊断方法。首先,为了处理系统的内采样特性,根据混合系统理论设计了一种基于观测器的混合系统故障检测滤波器(FDF);利用多目标优化技术,将故障检测滤波器的设计问题转化为一类优化问题,并借助线性矩阵不等式方法给出了该优化问题的时滞独立解。最后通过仿真验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于等价空间的网络控制系统故障检测问题研究

研究了网络控制系统的故障检测问题。对于一类网络时延为不确定情况的网络控制系统,得到了系统的具有模型不确定性的离散时间模型。将等价空间故障检测方法中的等价向量扩展为等价矩阵的情况,进而可将残差产生器的设计问题归结为受线性矩阵不等式约束的多目标优化问题,并可应用线性矩阵不等式技术求解等价矩阵。同时还讨论了对残差评估问题。算例验证了提出方法的有效性。     

基于LMI的H_/H∞故障检测观测器设计

考虑未知输入信号的影响,研究了线性系统鲁棒故障检测观测器的设计问题。利用描述残差对故障灵敏度的H_指数和表示残差对未知输入鲁棒性的H∞范数,将鲁棒故障检测观测器的设计问题描述为基于H_/H∞的优化设计问题。利用线性矩阵不等式(linear matrix inequality, LMI)理论,给出故障检测观测器的存在条件,提出一种新的迭代LMI算法求解最优观测器增益。仿真结果表明,利用这种方法设计的故障检测观测器对故障的灵敏度高,对未知输入的鲁棒性强。     

Robust fault detection filter and its application in MEMS-based INS/GPS

Since any disturbance and fault may lead to significant performance degradation in practical dynamical systems,it is essential for a system to be robust to disturbances but sensitive to faults.For this purpose,this paper proposes a robust fault-detection filter for linear discrete time-varying systems.The algorithm uses H∞ estimator to minimize the worst possible amplification from disturbances to estimate errors,and H_ index to maximize the minimum effect of faults on the residual output of the filter.This approach is applied to the MEMS-based INS/GPS.And simulation results show that the new algorithm can reduce the effect of unknown disturbances and has a high sensitivity to faults.     

部分转移概率未知的Markov跳变系统鲁棒故障检测

针对部分转移概率未知的Markov跳变系统,研究了其鲁棒故障检测问题,设计了该系统的线性全阶鲁棒故障检测观测器。将自由连接权矩阵引入鲁棒故障检测观测器系统进行证明推导,极大地降低了固定连接权矩阵带来的保守性。通过构造Lyapunov函数,推导得出一系列线性矩阵不等式以确保鲁棒故障检测观测器系统随机渐近稳定。在此基础上,证明并给出了观测器存在的充分条件。进一步,优化所设计的观测器。数值仿真表明,所设计的鲁棒故障检测观测器不仅对故障具有较高的灵敏度,而且能确保对未知干扰输入有较强的鲁棒性。     

一类切换时滞奇异系统的最优保成本控制

针对一类切换时滞奇异系统,对最优保成本控制问题进行了研究。利用Lyapunov函数方法和凸组合技术,给出了由线性矩阵不等式(linear matrix inequality, LMI)表示的保成本控制器存在的充分条件,并设计了相应的子控制器和切换规则。进一步,建立了一个具有线性矩阵不等式约束的凸优化问题,利用Matlab软件中的线性矩阵不等式工具箱求解,给出了最优保成本控制器的设计方法及闭环最小性能指标上界。仿真示例验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于LMI的不确定系统鲁棒故障检测观测器设计

针对系统模型同时具有未知输入扰动和模型不确定性,提出了一种鲁棒故障检测观测器的设计方法。在不考虑系统模型误差的情况下,为降低设计的保守性,利用描述残差对故障灵敏度的H-指数和表示残差对未知输入鲁棒性的H∞范数以及一种新的迭代线性矩阵不等式(linear matrix inequality,LMI)算法解决H∞/H-的优化问题,设计了参考残差模型和自适应门限,并将观测器设计转化为LMI表述的标准H∞模型匹配问题,减小故障检测过程中误报、漏报率。仿真结果表明,设计的故障检测观测器对故障的灵敏度高,对不确定因素的鲁棒性强。     

Robust H∞ controller design for sampled-data systems with parametric uncertainties

This article investigates the problem of robust H∞ controller design for sampled-data systems with time-varying norm-bounded parameter uncertainties in the state matrices. Attention is focused on the design of a causal sampled-data controller, which guarantees the asymptotical stability of the closed-loop system and reduces the effect of the disturbance input on the controlled output to a prescribed H∞ performance bound for all admissible uncertainties. Sufficient condition for the solvability of the problem is established in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). It is shown that the desired H∞ controller can be constructed by solving certain LMIs. An illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Fault detection observer design for networked control system with long time-delays and data packet dropout

Focusing on the networked control system with long time-delays and data packet dropout, the problem of observerbased fault detection of the system is studied. According to conditions of data arrival of the controller, the state observers of the system are designed to detect faults when they occur in the system. When the system is normal, the observers system is modeled as an uncertain switched system. Based on the model, stability condition of the whole system is given. When conditions are satisfied, the system is asymptotically stable. When a fault occurs, the observers residual can change rapidly to detect the fault. A numerical example shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

ToMFIR-based fault detection approach in frequency domain

This paper is to explore further results for total measurable fault information-based residual (ToMFIR) approach to fault detection in dynamic systems. The ToMFIR contains the essential fault information and remains unaffected by control actions in a closed-loop system. It is composed of controller residual and output residual and some of further results are developed in frequency domain. Besides the ability of detecting actuator and sensor faults, it is able to detect faults/failures resulting from the computer used for control purpose that generates control signals. Currently, all of existing fault detection schemes cannot achieve the same task at all. A practical DC motor example, with a PID controller, is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the ToMFIR-based fault detection. A comparison with the standard observer-based technique is also provided.     

基于抗差估计和改进AIME的缓变故障检测方法

为了解决经典缓变故障检测法——自主完好性监测外推法(autonomous integrity monitoring extrapolation, AIME)在组合导航中检测故障延迟时间较长和不能准确判定故障结束时刻的问题, 提出了基于抗差估计和改进AIME的缓变故障检测方法。该方法采用标准t分布和IGG-Ⅲ (Institute of Geodesy & Geophysics Ⅲ)方案设计自适应增益矩阵以缓解卡尔曼滤波故障跟踪的影响。同时, 结合AIME故障检测状态, 提出由外推法和残差卡方检验(residual chi-square test method, RCTM)故障检测统计量构成的r_A/R统计量概念, 然后在AIME检测到缓变故障的状态下利用样本分位数原理对r_A/R序列进行异常值检测, 从而判断缓变故障结束时刻。仿真结果表明, 在检测缓变故障时, 所提方法可明显缩短故障检测延迟时间, 并能够准确判定故障结束时刻。     

不确定离散系统的有限时域鲁棒H∞滤波

研究了一类时变不确定离散系统的有限时域鲁棒H∞滤波问题。在系统不确定性满足范数有界的条件下,给出了有限时域鲁棒H∞滤波器存在的充分必要条件,并基于线性矩阵不等式技术给出了滤波器的构造性的设计方法。得到的滤波器对所有可容许不确定性，满足指定的性能指标。最后给出了仿真实例,仿真结果表明所设计的滤波器实现了设计要求。     

线性状态多时滞系统鲁棒故障诊断滤波器设计

研究一类具有外部扰动的不确定线性时滞系统的鲁棒故障诊断滤波器设计问题。通过引入一种广义坐标变换,使得线性连续状态多时滞系统变为输出灌入(outputinjection)系统;据此,引入一种体现残差对故障信号具有灵敏性同时对不确定性扰动具有鲁棒性的性能指标,应用H∞最优控制理论,借助线性矩阵不等式(LMI)技术设计系统的状态全维鲁棒故障诊断滤波器,并给出该滤波器问题解的存在条件和求解算法。最后给出一个仿真算例,仿真结果表明了该算法的有效性和可行性。     

基于鲁棒H∞滤波的多站角度测量机动目标被动跟踪

建立了机动目标的多站被动红外搜索与跟踪（infrared search and tracking, IRST）系统的当前统计模型,基于该模型提出了机动目标跟踪的鲁棒H∞融合滤波算法。该算法将H∞滤波算法和集中融合跟踪算法相结合,对多站IRST测得的目标角度信息进行融合,可解决被动式跟踪系统的可观测性及非线性问题,以实现对目标较高精度的定位和跟踪。以三个观测站进行跟踪为例,对一个高机动目标进行了仿真研究,仿真结果表明,该滤波算法比扩展卡尔曼滤波（extended Kalman filter, EKF）算法有更高的跟踪性能,是IRST系统中一种有效的跟踪算法。     

Packet-loss-dependent stabilization of NCSs with network-induced delay and packet dropout

This paper is concerned with controller design of networked control systems (NCSs) with both network-induced delay and arbitrary packet dropout.By using a packet-loss-dependent Lyapunov function,suffic...