磺基琥珀酸聚氧乙烯辛烷基混合双酯磺酸钠的合成与性能研究

1：以亚硫酸钠为磺化剂合成了磺基琥珀酸聚氧乙烯辛烷基混合双酯钠（ATOESS）。最佳工艺条件为：n（正辛醇）：n（顺酐）=1.0：1.2,于95℃单酯化反应4 h,得到琥珀酸辛烷基单酯;酯化产物在n（聚乙二醇200）：n（单酯）=2.0：1.0,130℃条件下反应3 h,得到产率为93%的双酯化产物;该产物在n（亚硫酸氢钠）：n（双酯）=3.0：1.0,140℃下,反应6 h,得到双酯磺酸钠。产物物性分析表明,所合成的磺基琥珀酸聚氧乙烯辛烷基混合双酯钠（ATOESS）具有较好的表面活性。     

乙二醇双硬脂酸酯双磺酸钠的合成及结构表征

运用两步法与正交试验法得出乙二醇双硬脂酸酯双磺酸钠合成的优化反应条件.磺化的工艺条件:n(硬脂酸):n(氯磺酸)=1:1.1,磺化温度90℃,时间7h;酯化反应较佳的工艺条件为:n(中间体):n(乙二醇)=2.5:1.0,酯化温度130℃,时间10h.中间体α-磺酸硬脂酸和目标产物乙二醇双硬脂酸酯双磺酸钠,均由红外光谱印证结构.     

脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚（3）磷酸酯盐的合成与性能

采用单因素试验方法考察五氧化二磷的加料方式、反应物用量比、反应温度和时间、单双酯含量等因素对合成脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚（3）磷酸酯钠盐性能的影响,得到最佳工艺条件为：在强力搅拌下,五氧化二磷分批加料,n（脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚（3））∶n（五氧化二磷）=2.5∶1.0,于60℃下酯化反应3 h,酯化产物于70℃下水解2 h,水量为酯化产物质量的4%.测定了产物的表面活性和应用性能：临界胶束浓度为7.94×10-5,表面张力为32×10-3 N/m,渗透力为25 s,乳化力为440 s,去污力为93.8%,毛效为10.3 cm,白度为85.9%.结果表明,该物渗透性、去污性较好,对织物煮练效果好,可作为织物前处理用理想的精炼助剂.     

一缩二乙二醇二苯甲酸酯的合成

用自制的高分子固载化螯合钛酸酯催化合成一缩二乙二醇（俗称二甘醇）二苯甲酸酯（DEDB）。通过试验确定了合成DEDB的适宜的工艺条件为：n（一缩二乙二醇）：n(苯甲酸）=1.0:2.1，催化剂用量为0.41%，反应时间3h，反应温度210℃，产率达96.5%。催化剂的催化活性高，易与产品酯分离，可重复使用。     

乙二醇双子琥珀酸2-甲基戊基酯磺酸钠的合成及性能

采用酯化反应无需有机溶剂为介质、以碳基固体酸作酯化反应催化剂、磺化反应不外加相转移催化剂在常压下反应的新方法合成了乙二醇双子琥珀酸2-甲基戊基酯磺酸钠,最佳工艺条件为：单酯化反应,n（乙二醇）：n（顺酐）：l_00：2．10,催化剂碳基固体酸用量为顺酐质量的2％,于100℃反应4．7h,酯化率99．02％（质量分数）;双酯化反应。n（2-甲基-l-戊醇）：n（顺酐）=1-30：1．00,于210℃反应1．2h,酯化率95．34％（质量分数）;磺化反应,n（亚硫酸氢钠）：n（顺酐）：1．05：1．00。于油浴120℃反应3．2h,磺化率100．64％（质量分数）．对产物结构进行了IR光谱表征,测定了产物性能：CMC为2．5×10。mol／L,7cMc为27．79mN／m,乳化力为11．5min,渗透力为6s,耐硬水力为13．5min．比较了碳基固体酸和无水乙酸钠、对甲苯磺酸对酯化反应的催化效果,结果表明：碳基固体酸对酯化反应的催化效果好．且易于分离．     

1，4-丁二醇双琥珀酸八氟戊醇双酯磺酸钠的合成工艺研究

采用八氟戊醇、马来酸酐、1,4-丁二醇为原料,合成了一种新型的双子表面活性剂—1,4-丁二醇双琥珀酸八氟戊醇双酯磺酸钠。通过实验得到各步反应的最优工艺条件,单酯化反应：马来酸酐与八氟戊醇摩尔比为1.2：1.0,加入占马来酸酐质量1％的无水乙酸钠,反应时间为4h,反应温度为90℃;双酯化反应：八氟戊醇马来酸单酯与1,4-丁二醇的摩尔比为2.1：1.0,占八氟戊醇马来酸单酯质量1.5％的对甲苯磺酸催化剂,反应温度为160℃,反应时间为7h;磺化反应：NaHSO3与1,4-丁二醇双马来酸八氟戊醇双酯摩尔比为1.0：2.2,反应温度为100℃,反应时间为6h。对终产物的性能进行测定,表面张力为：29.6 mN·m-1,CMC为0.005 g／L。     

八氟戊醇磷酸酯的合成及性能研究

八氟戊醇磷酸酯是一种新型的表面活性剂.选取四氟丙醇的联产物八氟戊醇与五氧化二磷为原料,经酯化反应合成,研究反应时间、反应温度、物料配比对反应的影响.得出最佳工艺条件为：配料比n（八氟戊醇）∶n（五氧化二磷）=2.8∶1,反应温度为60℃,最佳反应时间3 h.单双酯产率分别为44.8%和32.6%.对产物性能进行测定,其临界胶束浓度下的表面张力约为24.07 mN/m.     

P（AA-co-MA）/PEG聚羧酸减水剂的合成及性能研究

以丙烯酸（AA）、马来酸酐（MA）和聚乙二醇（PEG）为原料,以过硫酸钾（KPS）为引发剂,通过原位酯化法合成P（AA-co-MA）/PEG三元共聚型聚羧酸减水剂,探讨各合成因素对减水剂性能的影响。研究表明,最佳合成工艺为：n（PEG）：n（AA）：n（MA）=1.0：1.2：1.0,引发剂用量为1.5%（相对PEG、AA和MA总物质的量分数）、聚合温度为80℃、反应时间为6h。此条件下制得的减水剂具有最优的水泥净浆流动度。     

硫酸高铈催化合成氯乙酸丙酯

以硫酸高铈催化氯乙酸与丙醇酯化反应合成了氯乙酸丙酯.较适宜的反应条件为：氯乙酸50mmol,n（氯乙酸）：n（丙醇）=1：1.5,ω（催化剂）=2.7%,环己烷2.0mL,于95℃～110℃反应2h,酯化率达到97.35%.     

正辛醇琥珀酸单酯磺酸钠的合成

以正辛醇、马来酸酐和亚硫酸氢钠为原料，合成了正辛醇琥珀酸单酯磺酸钠．结果表明：酯化反应最佳工艺系件为n[正辛醇]：n[马来酸酐]=1．00：1．05，催化剂无水乙酸钠的用量为物料总量的1％（质量分数）。于70℃下单酯化反应3．5h。得产率大于98％的单酯化产物．磺化反应条件以加浓度为35％的NaHSO3水溶液（其加入量为马来酸酐物质的量的1．05倍），加热温度90℃下磺化反应4h最佳．产物以IR进行表证，结果表明为预期产物．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with