电力市场中不同电价结算方式的分析与比较

目前电力市场中的电价结算规则有两种不同的模式,即"一机一价"结算模式和按"全网统一电价"结算模式。不同的结算方式必然会对市场竞争产生不同的影响。该文首先总结了竞争市场建立的前提条件,并在数学模型的基础上,对两种结算方式的特点进行了定性和定量的分析。研究表明,采用"一机一价"的结算方式可以体现出不同机组之间结算电价的差别,实现总购电费用的最小化;采用按"全网统一电价"结算方式有可能更好地满足市场公平性要求,而且其结算电价可能更好地反映资源的真实成本。     

区块链下计及用户价格响应的电力市场定价机制

如何制定电价是电价体制改革的关键.2020年起,现行燃煤发电标杆上网电价机制改为"基准价+上下浮动"的市场化价格机制,浮动部分可由售电公司、电力用户等协商或竞价确定.电价制定不当会增加电力营销的风险,而电力市场定价与用户的用电行为息息相关,因此,通过引入电力用户竞价的方式设计市场定价机制.对用户来说,竞价考虑电费和舒适性之间的折中,从自身利益出发确定竞拍策略.对电力市场来说,将电价制定者视为竞拍系统的参与者,以增加市场交易量和额度为目标.通过分析电力市场定价与用户竞价行为的关系,构成与用电需求相关的电力市场定价机制,得到最优市场定价,与此同时,每个用户依据最优价格可以得到最优用电策略,形成最优市场交易.然而,用户的利己性会促使用户无视市场规则,推翻进入市场的承诺,造成定价机制和市场的崩溃,为此,采用区块链技术保障市场规则的正常运行以及用户的个人利益,进而保障交易的安全性.数值模拟验证了研究成果.     

基于小波-支持向量机的出清电价预测仿真

为了提高电力市场出清电价的预测精度,在分析其形成机理的基础上,根据加州电力市场实际运行的历史出清电价数据对其变化特点进行研究,得出不同时段的出清电价时间序列特性不同,具有不同的变化趋势.提出分时段预测出清电价的思路.采用小波分析和支持向量机工具对出清电价分时段进行预测,利用Matlab进行仿真,结果表明,该模型对系统出清电价的预测精度较高,证明此方法对加州电力市场的电价预测有很好的能力.     

电力改革厂网分开垄断坚冰能打破吗?

近期将公布的国家电力体制改革方案主要原则是打破垄断。方案明确提出要彻底实行厂网分开,建立电力交易机制和监管机制,发电方面实行公平竞争、竞价上网。到2005年,要全面实行厂网分开,初步建立发电的竞争市场,上网电价由市场竞争来调节,电厂可以向大用户直接供电,大用户有权选择供电厂商。到2010年,在发电方面,实行市场经济的办法,让用户有权选     

电力市场下用户电价体系的研究

为了规避电力市场中可能出现的电力危机风险，有效地控制电力负荷峰谷差逐年增加所引起的电网运行隐患，提出了一种电力市场环境下用户端开放的用户电价体系。该体系能包容现行刚性的用户电价体制，且与市场环境下以期货电量交易和现货电量交易为特征的结算模式相衔接。论述了电价体系中用户节点电价、分时电价和特征电价的组成和作用，用市场敏感函数来描述不同的用户对电价变化的承受能力。在电费结算方式上，以每天的用户电价曲线为依据，引入先购电、后用电的机制，并以此过渡到用户侧期货电量交易和现货电量交易的模式。     

我国电价政策和上网电价方法初探

上网电价是电价体系当中的基础环节,在电力市场上能发挥杠杆作用。由于历史原因,不同类型的电厂继续执行着不同的上网电价。在"厂网分开、竞价上网"的进程中,如何制定科学合理的上网电价,保持发电市场的供求平衡,促使电力市场在公开、公平、公正的条件下进行有效竞争,保持整个电力市场充满活力,使资源得到合理配置,使社会效益得到优化。文章首先对电力市场化的改革作简单的阐述说明,之后再针对目前人们比较关注和应用比较广泛的两部制上网电价,将其分为会计成本法和边际成本法来论述,并作比较和分析。     

基于博弈论的现货市场中发电厂商报价策略的研究

在电力市场环境下,发电厂商通常要在现货市场进行交易。一种有效合理的竟价模式就显得很重要,既要激励发电企业强化管理、提高效率,从而降低上网电价,又要考虑到电力改革的市场风险与平稳过渡。运用博弈论、微观经济学、电力市场理论的相关部分分析了在发电侧电力市场的现货市场中,各发电厂商面对两种市场竞价模式的博弈行为。     

浅析中国电力市场交易方式及其特点

我国电力市场经过多年的发展,在电价确定、电力交易方式方面都存在着一些弊端,严重制约着我国经济的发展,需要在借鉴国外发达国家经验的基础上制定符合我国国情的电力市场交易方式,支持我国经济和电力事业的发展。该文通过调查研究我国当前的电力市场情况,和研究国内外电力市场的发展方向,对电力市场的三种交易方式：现货交易、期货交易、远期合约交易进行了比较。为我国电力市场交易方式的发展,稳定电价,提高了理论支持,使得市场化运作的电力市场能更好的适应我国经济的发展。     

用最优潮流分析实时电价下的传输拥挤管理

研究了在电力市场联营交易模式下,采用节点实时电价机制时的传输拥挤管理问题．用基于最优潮流的节点实时电价算法及软件,分析了用户侧可中断供电管理和电网无功补偿设备对消除传输拥挤的作用,并与通过传输拥挤合同的管理方式进行了比较．对一个５ 节点简化系统的全面数值分析表明,所提模型和算法的实用性．     

考虑差价合同交易的电力市场均衡模型

基于线性供应函数均衡的方法,考虑发电商具有非零截距边际成本函数,建立了考虑差价合同市场的电力市场均衡模型。理论分析和算例结果表明,电力市场中远期合同市场交易有助于减少发电商利用市场力来操纵市场的行为,从而有利于形成高效的市场均衡电价。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that