均温板在质子交换膜燃料电池堆热管理中的应用

过低或过高的工作温度以及过大的温度变化均会影响质子交换膜燃料电池的输出性能和耐久性.有效的热管理是保证质子交换膜燃料电池稳定高效输出的关键因素.本研究将厚度为1.5 mm的均温板作为散热结构应用在质子交换膜燃料电池堆的热管理中,通过安装在5块单电池阴极石墨板上的80个热电偶获取电池内部表面温度,探究了不同负载电流工况下...     

45kW质子交换膜燃料电池发动机建模与仿真

建立了较为完整的包括电堆、反应气体供应以及水热管理3个主要模块的45 kW级质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)发动机数学模型.电堆电压模型引入了误差补偿项,提高了电压计算精度,并通过实验数据得到验证.选取冷却液入堆温度、空气过量系数和阴极入口空气压力为系统的操控变量,在给定电流密度下进行了电堆相关性能对操控变量的敏感性分析.仿真结果表明,为了获得较好的系统输出性能,应适当降低冷却液入堆温度,提高阴极入口空气压力;为了保持合理的电堆温度,必须有效控制该系统的水热管理系统.     

两种不同质子交换膜燃料电池性能试验与分析

利用自主开发的100 kW级燃料电池测试平台,对2款车用质子交换膜燃料电池的极化特性曲线、电流密度以及单电池一致性等性能进行了测试,提出了一种评价单电池一致性的方法.研究结果表明,2款质子交换膜燃料电池发动机在上述性能指标上有较大差异;在车载使用条件下,工作压力较高的燃料电池具有更好的环境适应性.     

微型燃料电池设计与三维数值模拟分析

以一反应面积2.5 cm 2利用微机电制程蚀刻流场板之微型质子交换膜燃料电池为研究对象,利用CFD-ACE+软件仿真燃料电池电化学反应分析微型燃料电池内部质子交换膜电化学反应分布情形,三维数值仿真电池性能与实验测试数据相互验证。三维模型仿真分析2个不同气体流量电流密度、温度、水和水含量于质子交换膜上的分布情形。结果表明：微型燃料电池内部温度分布受质子交换膜上气态水分布所影响,当操作电压定在0.4 V时,质子交换膜上较低的气体流量会有较佳的电化学反应,因此会有较均匀的电流密度分布,而质子交换膜上水亦较多且均匀分布,产生较低且较均匀的温度分布,仿真结果阐明微型燃料电池内部物理现象。     

质子交换膜燃料电池多孔介质中水的两相迁移

在混合流动模型的基础上,建立了一个新的二维两相流模型来研究质子交换膜燃料电池内水分的传递规律和分布状态,在该模型中,催化剂层作为一个有厚度的实体包含在电极中.模型耦合了质子交换膜燃料电池电极中的流动方程.组分方程、催化剂层和质子交换膜中的电势和电流密度分布方程,可以应用在质子交换膜燃料电池的阴极,也可以使用在阳极.同时,模型还考虑了相变引起的液相和气相间的动量变化,重点模拟了水分在燃料电池的阴极、阳极和质子交换膜中的传递规律及其分布状态.模拟结果显示:升高加湿温度、提高电流密度和降低电池温度都会使电池质子膜中的水分含量增大,质子传导率升高,也会使阴极中液态水含量增加,阴极浓差极化加剧.     

不同因素对质子交换膜燃料电池的影响

随着能源危机及环境问题日益加剧,一种无污染且效率较高的电池——质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的研究对实际应用也日趋重要,研究的主要指标则是输出特性。根据质子交换膜燃料电池的数学模型,在simulink环境下建立了其稳态模型并进行仿真。对影响质子交换膜燃料电池输出特性的因素(单个电池的电压,活化过电压,欧姆过电压,浓差过电压,功率以及电池效率)进行分析,以电流密度为横轴,得出在不同工作温度,不同气体压强以及不同膜的水含量的情况下质子交换膜燃料电池的最佳稳态输出特性。通过优化参数,改善燃料电池的性能,这对质子交换膜燃料电池的实际应用具有重要的意义。     

车用燃料电池堆与电压变换器的联合仿真

针对质子交换膜燃料电池输出特性不稳定问题,设计了一种以升压电路为主电路,联合脉冲激发的开关控制器为控制电路的直流-直流电压变换器。依据质子交换膜燃料电池原理,搭建出额定功率为35 k W的车用质子交换膜燃料电池堆模型,并验证了模型的有效性和可操作性。为了验证所设计变换器的控制效果,将35 k W质子交换膜燃料电池堆与直流-直流电压变换器进行了联合仿真。仿真结果表明:所设计的直流-直流电压变换器0.4 ms就能将电压稳定且误差控制在1.2%以内,能够很好地满足车用质子交换膜燃料电池堆对升压和稳压的要求。     

HT-PEM燃料电池性能实验分析

目的研究电池温度、氢气流量和空气流量对高温质子交换膜燃料电池的性能影响.方法通过电化学工作站测试了HT-PEM燃料电池的伏安特性和交流阻抗,利用等效电路法分解得到HT-PEM燃料电池中的欧姆阻抗和法拉第阻抗,分析电池温度、氢气流量和空气流量对燃料电池的伏安特性、欧姆阻抗和法拉第阻抗的影响.结果电池温度、氢气流量和空气流量对高温质子交换膜燃料电池性能有一定影响,温度升高和增大气体流量能够一定程度地提高高温质子交换膜燃料电池的性能.HT-PEM燃料电池的性能不会随着气体流量的增加而一直增加.结论升高温度降低了燃料电池的欧姆阻抗和法拉第阻抗;氢气流量变化和空气流量变化对欧姆阻抗和法拉第阻抗没有明显影响.     

燃料电池汽车整车热管理系统设计与仿真分析

以某款燃料电池汽车为研究对象,综合考虑车辆的整车布置环境和热管理要求,设计了一套完整的氢燃料电池汽车热管理系统;对关键零部件进行选型与性能匹配设计,运用AMESim软件搭建热管理系统一维仿真模型并进行可信度验证。通过冷却液输入流量、零部件进出水温度及温差等指标对不同工况下的氢燃料电池汽车热管理系统进行仿真分析,结果表明:除电堆和中冷器出水温度在峰值工况下达到极限值不宜长时间工作外,该系统其余工况均运行良好,满足设计要求,可为今后研发燃料电池汽车整车热管理系统提供一定设计思路。     

燃料电池/蓄电池双能源电动汽车动力系统仿真

采用燃料电池/蓄电池作为电动汽车动力系统的开发与研究是国外电动汽车动力系统研究的新方向.结合对电动汽车动力系统研究进行的一些探讨,对燃料电池/蓄电池双能源电动汽车动力系统进行了建模.并采用与focus汽车同样的底盘和车身,用30 kW质子交换膜燃料电池为主动力源,以铅酸蓄电池为辅助动力源.在Advisor平台上实现了对该虚拟样车的仿真,而且以欧洲NEDC循环工况进行了仿真实验,结果表明该虚拟样车完全满足设计和性能要求.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with