xmlTRAM +:an XML-based tool for management of requirements and architectures

Information systems have been increasingly used in all aspects of organization's business activities. These systems will inevitably evolve over time. The system development knowledge is a key to the understanding and evolution of these systems. As such, the system development knowledge is a part of the corporate knowledge that needs to be properly managed. In particular, the system requirements and architecture design are the most important system development knowledge. An XML-based tool for managing system requirements and architectures is introduced. The use of the XML technology allows the system requirements and architectures to be easily shared across the organization. The issues discussed include a conceptual model, a logical model and a physical model for the management of system requirements and architectures. In fact, this three-step development process provides a typical methodology for the development of XMLbased systems.     

基于管理视角的服务设计问题的研究综述与展望

服务设计是一项高风险和高投入的活动.在复杂、多变和不确定的市场环境中,如何利用科学的理论和方法来设计服务产品,在合理利用服务资源的基础上保证服务质量,是服务企业获得竞争优势的关键之一.通过对服务设计现有文献的梳理和回顾,首先分析了服务设计的相关概念和外延;然后基于管理视角,从服务模式、服务内容、服务流程、服务系统等几个方面对服务设计领域的相关文献进行了综述;最后,对新信息技术环境下的服务设计研究方向进行了展望.     

基于社会技术视角的企业知识管理系统评价

针对如何评价企业知识管理系统的问题,从社会技术视角出发,将企业知识管理系统视为一个社会技术系统。综合分析了评价知识管理系统应该考虑的性能、功能、环境、成本和人性化等方面主要因素,建立了一套包括企业知识管理系统的系统性能、系统功能、系统环境、系统成本和人性化等5个不同社会和技术方面的评价指标体系,并在此基础上,提出了一种基于语言符号运算的企业知识管理系统的综合评价方法。最后,实现了一个在线的评价系统,并通过一个应用案例,进一步说明了所给出方法的有效性。     

企业技术创新效果的模糊综合评价模型设计及其应用

本文提出了一个以模糊数学为工具的企业技术创新效果评价模型,并对其指标体系的设计、数学建模进行了详细的探讨,同时指出了利用模糊综合评价模型对企业技术创新效果进行评价时应注意的几个问题。     

森林分类经营条件下的生态补偿机制

对森林实施分类经营进行了分析,阐述了森林生态效益补偿的必要性,提出从森林合理分类、森林生态资产评估、森林生态健康经营成本、森林生态补偿系统的边界等方面来确定补偿机制标准。针对森林灾后的恢复和重建,提出了森林生态保险。参14。     

Living arrangements among older people: an overview of trends in Europe and the USA

This article compares the trends in living arrangements of older people in several European countries and in the United States. Trends and cross-country variability in several factors that could account for these cross-national differences, including marital status, fertility, labour force participation and attitudes, are also examined. In most countries the proportion of older people living alone increased substantially between 1970 and 1990. However the increase in living alone stabilised or even declined between 1990 and 2000 in most of the countries analysed indicating a possible reversal in the trend. Increases in proportions of older women who are married and reductions in the proportions childless may partially explain this. Considerable variability in both trends and levels of older people's living arrangements was seen especially between north-western and southern European countries. These variations mirrored contrasts in attitudes towards residential care and parent-child coresidence between the countries.     

一种微光电视图像预处理方法的硬件实现

介绍了一套微光电视图像的预处理系统。本系统采用了噪声抑制 ,图像局部和全局增强的算法 ,并以流水线结构和并行处理结构实现 ,充分利用了大规模可编程器件和DSP芯片的资源 ,解决了一般视频信号处理计算量大、难以达到实时性要求的问题。该系统在现场试验中 ,取得了非常好的效果 ,图像质量明显改善     

论利益群体非均衡博弈及公共组织的复杂性

从复杂性科学理论角度在分析了在市场经济主体多元化所造成的社会群体分化和利益多元化的前提下，导致社会利益群体博弈关系的复杂性；论述了公共组织运行机制的复杂性在于组织内部社会资源的分享差异构成的利益群体非均衡博弈的复杂性，从社会利益群体博弈关系解释公共组织系统宏观运行机制的复杂性和混沌特征。     

复杂系统并行设计及其支撑环境ＣＡＤforCLSS的开发

在分析复杂系统设计特点和国内外相关ＣＡＤ技术的基础上,研究了复杂系统智能ＣＡＤ理论及其集成化建模,并行过程管理,设计工作组协同等关键技术,规划实现了相应的设计支撑环境ＣＡＤforCLSS.     

New design and analysis of finite difference domain decomposition algorithm for the two-dimensional heat equation

<正> It is presented in this paper that the new design and its analysis of finite difference domaindecomposition algorithms for the two-dimensional heat equation,and the numerical results have shownthe stability and accuracy of the algorithms,where Saul'yev asymmetric schemes have been used atthe interface points.The Algorithm Ⅱ in this paper has further extended those developed by Dawsonand the others,Zhang and Shen.     

企业战略博弈模拟实验系统的基本结构及设计方法

研究企业战略博弈模拟实验系统的原理和结构并提出其设计方法。实验设计应用企业模拟和实验经济学方法，目的在于学习或检验企业博弈理论。实验系统的模型有四个部分，各部分的设计应与战略博弈理论的前提要求相应。整个系统的设计结构包括七个部分，每部分对各种实验变量依照设计算法进行处理，核心算法依据产业组织理论的原理。     

A Fresh Look at The Systems Approach and an Agenda for Action: Peeking Through the Lens of Churchman's Aphorisms

This paper critically examines some important topics of systemic thinking to understand how our perception of problems can be enhanced and how the chances of deception can be mitigated while dealing with real-world problems. To achieve this objective, an attempt is first made to scrutinize some of the key issues of systemic thinking by looking through the lens of Churchman's aphorisms at: (1) the illusion of completeness and closure, (2) the meaning of holism, and (3) the concept of ‘Interbeing’. A preliminary ‘agenda for action’ is then laid out suggesting ways for increasing our perception and for minimizing the chances of being deceived in dealing with systems problems in practice.     

Making an estimate of the number of people and households for Output Areas in the 2001 Census

This article describes an investigation into the best way to estimate robust totals for people and households at Output Area level. We show that computing the average of people and household counts across the set of tables in which the same count appears is a good strategy. When we compare the mean or median person and household counts with those produced by summing from the postcode directory, the two sets of numbers are usually very close. Using averages in this way for other population bases in the sets of tables is therefore recommended. This technique can also be applied to larger areas.     

椭圆与抛物线及双曲线位置关系的代数条件

在计算机动画、计算机图形学、计算机辅助设计、机器人等领域中，经常需要检测多个实体间的位置关系。我们基于广义特征多项式的方法，给出了判断平面上椭圆与抛物线，椭圆与双曲线所有位置关系（分离、外切、相交、内切、内含等）的代数条件。这些代数条件表示为由椭圆与抛物线，椭圆与双曲线确定的广义特征多项式的根的分布。判别方法简单实用。     

Towards an Holistic Framework for Environmental Change: The Role of Normative Behaviour and Informal Networking to Enhance Sustainable Business Practices

The term ‘Sustainable Development’ is brandished by modern businesses as a marketing ploy used to suggest evidence of ethical conduct, innovative thinking and moral superiority. However, when analysing an organisations’ adoption of sustainable practices, it is often clear—within the UK—that there are few activities that have been undertaken as an ethical stance instead of legal obligation (McCormick in Environmental politics and policy in industrialized countries, MIT, London, 2002). Our hypothesis is that most methodologies and practices for environmental management do not adopt a holistic perspective, causing significant problems in implementation from inadequate structures and communication channels (Espinosa et al. in Eur J Oper Res, 187:636–651, 2008). In particular we consider that most organisations are currently stifled with management hierarchies that prevent informal/social networking, which may be one of the most powerful natural forms for self-organisation. It is proposed that sustainable development requires more efficient communication channels that foster self-organisation and self-regulation as a method for more productive change processes. In this paper, we explain the reasons why meta-systemic principles of self-organisation and distributed network management offer clear criteria to design an environmental management system that operates on the basis of self-controlled individuals and communities.     

The Output Decision and Comparison of the Social Overall Benefit for the Firms under the Condition of Competition and Monopoly

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基于构件的变电站控制与信号系统仿真

本文用“输入—控制—输出”模型描述变电站控制与信号系统中的各种电气设备,创建具有一定可视性、通用性和开放性的系统仿真模型。针对仿真模型拥有大量的开关性电气部件和局部独立性等特点,提出了等效节点法、模块分割法、树梢消去法和局部调整法,以提高其仿真的快速性。     

The importance of multimedia principle and emergence principle for the knowledge civilisation age

The paper discusses two basic principles derived from results of studies concerning foundations of micro-theories of knowledge creation; these are Multimedia Principle and Emergence Principle. Their epistemic, systemic and metaphysical importance is discussed, together with their relations to the episteme of technology treated as a separate cultural sphere. A spiral of evolutionary knowledge creation is presented, in which an extended Falsification Principle plays the role of an objectifying feedback; this spiral is related to an episteme of Evolutionary Constructive Objectivism proposed earlier for the coming knowledge civilisation age.