A calculus for services innovation

Innovation in the services area - especially in the electronic services （e-services） domain - can be systematically developed by first considering the strategic drivers and foci, then the tactical principles and enablers, and finally the operational decision attributes, all of which constitute a process or calculus of services innovation. More specifically, there are four customer drivers （i.e., collaboration, customization, integration and adaptation）, three business foci （i.e., creation-focused, solution-focused and competition-focused）, six business principles （i.e., reconstruct market boundaries, focus on the big picture not numbers, reach beyond existing demand, get strategic sequence right, overcome organizational hurdles and build execution into strategy）, eight technical enablers （i.e., software algorithms, automation, telecommunication, collaboration, standardization, customization, organization, and globalization）, and six attributes of decision informatics （i.e., decision-driven, information-based, real-time, continuously-adaptive, customer-centric and computationally-intensive）. It should be noted that the four customer drivers are all directed at empowering the individual - that is, at recognizing that the individual can, respectively, contribute in a collaborative situation, receive customized or personalized attention, access an integrated system or process, and obtain adaptive real-time or just-in-time input. The developed process or calculus serves to identify the potential white spaces or blue oceans for innovation. In addition to expanding on current innovations in services and related experiences, white spaces are identified for possible future innovations; they include those that can mitigate the unforeseen consequences or abuses of earlier innovations, safeguard our rights to privacy, protect us from the always-on, interconnected world, provide us with an authoritative search engine, and generate a GDP metric that can adequately measure the growing knowledge economy,     

A posteriori error analysis for a fully discrete discontinuous Galerkin approximation to a kind of reactive transport problems

In order to obtain an expected numerical solution,a fully discrete discontinuous Galerkin method is applied to a kind of reactive transport problems in two dimension.That is to say,the space variable is discretized with the symmetric interior penalty Galerkin method(SIPG),and the time variable is done with the backward Euler method.Making use of the duality technique,hp approximation properties and the interpolation theory,a residual-type a posteriori error estimation is achieved,which can be used for adaptivity.Compared with the analyses of semi-discretization,the current presentation is more challenging and more significant.     

A relative error estimation approach for multiplicative single index model

As an alternative to absolute error methods, such as the least square and least absolute deviation estimations, a product relative error estimation is proposed for a multiplicative single index regression model. Regression coefficients in the model are estimated via a two-stage procedure and their statistical properties such as consistency and normality are studied. Numerical studies including simulation and a body fat example show that the proposed method performs well.     

A posteriori error analysis of nonconforming methods for the eigenvalue problem

This paper extends the unifying theory for a posteriori error analysis of the nonconforming finite element methods to the second order elliptic eigenvalue problem. In particular, the author proposes the a posteriori error estimator for nonconforming methods of the eigenvalue problems and prove its reliability and efficiency based on two assumptions concerning both the weak continuity and the weak orthogonality of the nonconforming finite element spaces, respectively. In addition, the author examines these two assumptions for those nonconforming methods checked in literature for the Laplace, Stokes, and the linear elasticity problems.     

A situation calculus based approach to dynamic management of e-business services

In the era of e-businesses, the traditional business services are greatly challenged by the ever-increasing demands from customers with various backgrounds and personalities. Large numbers of new e-businesses are driven by the needs of customers. The existing dynamics inherent in the customer needs require the corresponding dynamic management of services. Attempting to respond to customers in a rapid and intelligent way, this paper proposes a situation calculus based approach for dynamically managing e-Business services in the ubiquitous environment. By employing the formalism of the situation calculus to enable intelligence and automation, the approach can implement. the functions of service automatic composition and model verification. These functions will improve the degree of customer-orientation and enable fast responsiveness in the emerging e-service systems.     

Immunity and error correction: System design for organizational defense

The boundary subsystem of a living system protects the components of the system from environmental stresses, filtering inputs and outputs of various sorts of matter, energy, and information. The boundary provides several layers of protection; the innermost layer is the subsystem of immunity reactions and error correction processes. This immunity subsubsystem (IS) is generated by the genetic template in cells, organs, and organisms but must be carefully designed for organizations, communities, and societies. This paper examines principles and pathologies of IS structure and process in organisms and explores their applicability to the design of the IS for organizations.     

The roots of reductionism: A counter-ontoepistemology for a systems approach

Both an ontoepistemology for reductionist modern science (counter-ontoepistemology) and an ontology for interpretive Systemology have been outlined in the two preceding papers in this special issue ofSystems Practice. In the present article, the notion of truth is interpreted in terms of both the ontoepistemology of reductionism and the ontology of interpretive systemology. Both interpretations are discussed. Such a discussion represents the objective of this paper, that is, to outline the epistemological face of the ontoepistemology of interpretive systemology. In order to design that epistemological face, the relation between ontology and epistemology must be clarified. Such a relation is seen from the standpoint already provided by the ontology. After the discussion on the notion of truth, the general shape of a systemic-interpretive inquiring process is outlined.     

带有误差补偿的非线性系统自适应模糊控制

针对一类非线性系统提出了间接自适应模糊控制方法,该方法用模糊逻辑系统逼近未知函数,并设计误差补偿器来减少逼近误差对跟踪精度的影响。在设计等效控制时考虑其存在性,仿真证明该方法不但能使跟踪误差收敛到原点的小邻域内,而且通过适当调整设计参数,可使跟踪误差减小,收敛速度加快。仿真结果验证了此方法的有效性。     

Designing artificial intelligence applications in law: A systemic view

Artificial intelligence applications development in law has historically focused on formal legal reasoning. Most of the systems are rule-based and none has yet become a fully functional prototype or commercially viable. The attempts to build large-scale systems without examining the intrinsic systemic nature of the legal process has resulted in limited operational success. The legal function, another area of legal activity, has emerged rapidly offering potential for artificial intelligence-based applications. This paper discusses the systemic differences between legal reasoning and legal function and suggests that different design methodologies be used in the two domains. Legal reasoning requires a holistic approach such as the blackboard model incorporating the properties of softness, openness, complexity, flexibility, and generality of legal systems, while traditional rule-based approaches are sufficient for legal function applications.     

AGENT-BASED SIMULATION FOR KANSEI ENGINEERING： TESTING A FUZZY LINEAR QUANTIFICATION METHOD IN AN ARTIFICIAL WORLD

This paper argues that agent-based simulation can be used as a way for testing Kansei Engineering methods which deal with the human reaction from sensory to mental state, that is, sensitivity, sense, sensibility, feeling, esthetics, emotion affection and intuition. A new fuzzy linear quantification method is tested in an artificial world by agent-based modeling and simulations, and the performance of the fuzzy linear method is compared with that of a genetic algorithm. The simulations can expand people＇s imagination and enhance people＇s intuition that the new fuzzy linear quantification method is effective.     

A conversation on guidelines for the process of facilitating systemic change in education

The International Systems Institute held its sixth annual conversation at Asilomar on November 14–19, 1993. At that meeting, seven participants self-selected themselves into a conversation group that met intensively over 4 days to develop some guidelines or principles for the process of facilitating systemic change in education. This is a report on how that group functioned and what it produced. The trigger questions addressed included: What are the major stages in the systemic change process? Can you do systems design with only a part of the “system”? How important isscale (e.g., number of people, schools)? What is an educational system? Can you use the same design process in any culture? How can one best create the idealized design? What are the major goals, obstacles, guidelines? Can we design the process without knowing the product? and Are there big differences between working within the system and outside the system? A large portion of the effort focused on guidelines for facilitating the first two phases of the systemic change process: preparing for design and designing the new system.     

关于减小天线罩瞄准误差的补偿方法的研究

天线罩是保护天线在恶劣环境下能够正常工作的一种装置,由于制造工艺、材料等因素的影响,其电性能指标往往难以满足设计要求,必须采取补偿措施。在分析了瞄准误差产生原因基础上,探讨了主要的补偿方法,并提出了减少瞄准误差的一种新方法—内廓面修磨法。     

A multiple intelligent agent system for credit risk prediction via an optimization of localized generalization error with diversity

Company bankruptcies cost billions of dollars in losses to banks each year. Thus credit risk prediction is a critical part of a bank＇s loan approval decision process. Traditional financial models for credit risk prediction are no longer adequate for describing today＇s complex relationship between the financial health and potential bankruptcy of a company. In this work, a multiple classifier system （embedded in a multiple intelligent agent system） is proposed to predict the financial health of a company. In our model, each individual agent （classifier） makes a prediction on the likelihood of credit risk based on only partial information of the company. Each of the agents is an expert, but has limited knowledge （represented by features） about the company. The decisions of all agents are combined together to form a final credit risk prediction. Experiments show that our model out-performs other existing methods using the benchmarking Compustat American Corporations dataset.     

A PURCHASING DECISION： SELECTING A SUPPLIER FOR A CONSTRUCTION COMPANY

1. Introduction Since the purchasing function has become vital in determining the profitability and survival of business organizations, it has been receiving considerable attention. As Sarkis and Talluri (2002) indicated, buyer-supplier relationships based solely on price are no longer acceptable. The increasing importance of supplier selection decisions is forcing organizations to rethink their purchasing and evaluation strategies because a successful purchasing decision directly depends on …     

A network analysis of the 2010 FIFA world cup champion team play

This paper analyzes the network of passes among the players of the Spanish team during the last FIFA World Cup 2010, where they emerged as the champion, with the objective of explaining the results obtained from the behavior at the complex network level. The team is considered a network with players as nodes and passes as (directed) edges. A temporal analysis of the resulting passes network is also done, looking at the number of passes, length of the chain of passes, and to network measures such as player centrality and clustering coefficient. Results of the last three matches (the decisive ones) indicate that the clustering coefficient of the pass network remains high, indicating the elaborate style of the Spanish team. The effectiveness of the opposing team in negating the Spanish game is reflected in the change of several network measures over time, most importantly in drops of the clustering coefficient and passing length/speed, as well as in their being able in removing the most talented players from the central positions of the network. Spain’s ability to restore their combinative game and move the focus of the game to offensive positions and talented players is shown to tilt the balance in favor of the Spanish team.     

Social responsibility as a next step in development of systemic behavior toward systems solutions of systemic problems of today

Data are clear: humankind is facing a global socio-economic crisis. Global bodies search for solution in ending the neoliberal monopolistic, rather than free market, economy, and in introduction of systemic behavior under the label of social responsibility. To support this effort, the research that is reported about in this contribution, suggests systemic perception of social responsibility to cause the end of abuse, strategy of promotion of social responsibility, and of suitable economic preconditions, supported by several lines of action, which everybody can trigger.     

线性预报误差时变方差补偿与语音增强

对常规的语音信号线性预报模型进行了推广 ,将线性预报误差方差考虑为时变的 ,这在一定程度上可对语音信号帧内非平稳特性进行补偿。基于对线性预报残差的短时 (2ms～ 4ms)特性分析 ,给出了线性预报系数及线性预报误差时变方差的迭代估计方法。将此模型应用于基于Kalman滤波的语音增强方法。仿真结果表明 ,这种线性预报误差时变方差补偿可以提高语音增强的信噪比     

海基导弹初始误差分离建模与参数估计

影响海基导弹落点偏差的因素主要是制导工具误差和初始参数误差。首先分析了海基导弹初始误差的来源,包括三项定位误差、三项定向误差以及三项艇速误差。然后详细推导了初始误差对弹道遥测、外差数据的影响,建立了海基导弹初始误差分离的线性模型,结果表明初始误差与工具误差可以实现线性分离。最后根据六自由度弹道仿真程序仿真的遥测数据和外测数据对模型进行了验证,计算结果证实了模型和算法的正确性与可行性。     

机载雷达双天线时变误差情况下的GMTI方法

针对机载双天线扫描雷达的双通道不一致性在脉冲间发生微变的情况,提出了一种将机载雷达多普勒波束锐化(Dopplerbeamsharpen,DBS)图与信号子空间方法(signalsubspaceprocessing,SSP)相结合的地面动目标检测方法,即DBS SSP方法。该方法利用信号子空间投影方法在两通道的多普勒波束锐化图上精确盲配准,从而在两幅图的差图像中检测动目标。通过实测数据处理和仿真实验,证明该方法提高了动目标的检测能力,是有效的。     

惯导快速传递对准的可观测性和对准误差分析

依据控制理论中的可观测性分析方法,分析了惯性导航系统快速传递对准算法的可观测性,由此得出不同可观测性条件下不可观测量引起的对准误差,并对引起不同可观测性的载体机动方式进行分类,分析了水平匀速运动、水平转弯运动、摇翼机动和海上摇摆运动这四种常见的载体运动情况下的可观测性。从而为合理地舍去快速传递对准中的状态变量提供了理论依据。