棉花自然单倍体植株小孢子发育的细胞学研究

本文对陆地棉洞庭一号自然雌雄不育株小孢子败育进行了细胞学观察,发现减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体多分散,为单价体;后期Ⅰ时染色体分配不均,常有落后染色体出现;末期Ⅰ形成大小不等,数目各异的核及微核。减数分裂Ⅱ时,姊妹染色体分开,产生多个核,形成多分孢子。故由一个花粉母细胞产生的小孢子的数目不等(2—14个),大小各异。花粉粒的数目多,大小差异悬殊,有的无棘状突起。经过对减数分裂中染色体行为、花粉粒的大小、气孔保卫细胞中叶绿粒的数目和体细胞染色体数目的测定和分析,认为该株棉花为自然单倍体植株。     

卫星搭载凤仙花种子诱发的变异及品种选育

研究了“神舟”4号搭载的凤仙花种子的细胞和形态学变异,在SP1代发现小孢子母细胞减数分裂时出现染色体断片、染色体桥和落后染色体。在院3突变株小孢子中的染色体数目呈现大量的非减半变化,其染色体数目为1～28条不等。小孢子的形状和大小变化明显,且小孢子的大小与所含染色体的数目呈正相关。花粉的大小和育性与减数分裂的异常有某种联系。在四分孢子期的小孢子数目有多分孢子,即小孢子数除4个外,尚含有5～10个不等,个别的有三分孢子。在SP2代发现子叶形态和数量的变化;真叶除披针形外,还有短圆形、长柳叶形;另外还发现顶花叶化和顶端叶呈蔷薇花状等。通过多代的选择,已选育出“西航”1号、“西航”2号凤仙花新品种。     

雄性不育和雄性能育小麦花药和花粉发育的细胞形态学观察

本工作是小麦雄性不育杂种优势利用研究项目的一部分。从细胞形态学的角度,研究小麦细胞质雄性不育系及其保持系花药和花粉的发育,为探索雄性不育性的机理提供资料。 发应用石腊切片法,对小麦“早熟1号”和“北京8号”细胞质雄性不育系及其保持系花药的发育过程进行了观察,得到如下的结果: (1)不育系花粉的败育,在发育的各个时期都发生,但败育的关键时期是在小孢子发育后期,具大液泡的小孢子不能进入配子体发育阶段。 (2)不育系花药和花粉的发育,在小孢子发育早期以前,百分之九十以上与保持系相似,是正常的,少数表现异常而导致败育。异常现象有:①药室合并;②小孢子母细胞解体,绒毡层正常发育,③小孢子母细胞互相粘连形成多核原生质团;④解体的小孢子母细胞与绒毡层融合形成多核原生质团;⑤药室中除正常发育的小孢子母细胞或小孢子外,还出现异常的巨型细胞;⑥绒毡层提前在小孢子发育早期解体,并形成多核的原生质团;⑦绒毡层肥大生长。     

航天诱变凤仙花院3突变株后代小孢子变化的研究

凤仙花种子经神舟4号飞船搭载后发现的院，突变株，从SP1代到SP3代小孢子的染色体数目和小孢子的大小进行了追踪研究，发现该突变株SP1代小孢子中的染色体数目变化大，从仅含1条染色体，到最多含28条染色体，小孢子之间的大小差异也大；SP2代小孢子中的染色体数目变化范围缩小，仅在4—9条之间；小孢子大小之间的差距也变小．在秋播条件下SP3代的变化趋势与SP2代基本一致，并对院，突变株后代小孢子内染色体数目及小孢子大小的变化趋势，原因进行了讨论．     

榛树花粉形成过程的细胞学观察

榛树花粉形成过程出现许多不正常现象,有核物质穿壁,有落后染色体,有染色体桥,有染色体早离队至极端。花粉母细胞染色体数不恒定,后期两极染色体数分配不均等。四分孢子有不正常,有多分孢子,成熟花粉有不正常,有大小不一,有中空无内含物者。 不正常的花粉不能完成正常的受精作用,因此,结果率甚低,种子不饱满.这是内因,建议内外因结合,加强栽培管理及人工引变,以提高生产量。     

花椰菜(Brassica oleraceaL.)雄性不育株和可育株的细胞学及生理生化研究

本文细胞学研究表明,花椰菜雄性不育途径复杂,表现为造孢细胞异常分裂、小孢子母细胞部分解体、四分体数目少、单核孢子不正常发育、绒毡层提前解体、花粉囊扭曲、输导组织发育不良;电镜研究表明,可育株的花粉粒富含线粒体、高尔基体、内质网等细胞器,不育株花粉粒中除液泡外,细胞器少,线粒体部分解体;过氧化物酶活性在花球期和单核后期不育株高于可育株,四分体时期和单核前期相反;细胞色素氧化酶活性除单核后期外,不育株均高于可育株;游离氨基酸含量在四分体时期不育株和可育株中都很高,以后下降,可育株的下降幅度大于不育株,具体氨基酸则又有其变化的特异性.     

小麦83A败育和2721恢复力的细胞学观察

小麦不育系83A、41A小孢子母细胞的减数分裂和单核花粉期基本正常.小孢子能通过两次有丝分裂形成三核花粉粒.但在有丝分裂中观察到落后染色体、微核和大小不等的精核.小孢子败育主要发生在三核花粉期及其以后.败育类型属于圆败.其败育原因可能与遗传物的丢失、分配不均和细胞器的分化不良有关.恢复系2721、143和 F_1的花粉大而圆,细胞质充实饱满,花粉活力强,结实率高,故2721和143是较好的恢复系.     

花椰菜(Brassica oleracea L.)雄性不育株和可育株的细胞学及生理生化研究

本文细胞学研究表明,花椰菜雄性不育途径复杂,表现为造孢细胞异常分裂、小孢子母细胞部分解体、四分体数目少、单核孢子不正常发育、绒毡层提前解体、花粉囊扭曲、输导组织发育不良;电镜研究表明,可育株的花粉粒富含线粒体、高尔基体、内质网等细胞器,不育株花粉粒中除液泡外,细胞器少,线粒体部分解体;过氧化物酶活性在花球期和单核后期不育株高于可育株,四分体时期和单核前期相反;细胞色素氧化酶活性除单核后期外,不育株均高于可育株;游离氨基酸含量在四分体时期不育株和可育株中都很高,以后下降,可育株的下降幅度大于不育株,具体氨基酸则又有其变化的特异性。     

水稻无花粉型雄性不育突变体H2S的细胞学研究

将一份水稻自然突变材料与其正常亲本连续回交得到一无花粉型雄性不育突变体H2S.与野生型相比,突变体花药瘦小,呈白色水浸状,无成熟花粉粒.细胞学研究发现H2S突变体在四分体时期之前花药发育正常,但当小孢子释放后,突变体小孢子开始降解,且此时绒毡层也表现不正常降解.当正常小孢子发育到单核靠边期时,突变体小孢子和绒毡层降解完全,仅在花药内壁残留绒毡层残迹.     

甘蓝型油菜雄性不育材料S90—8—7的获得及细胞学研究

从甘蓝型油菜与诸葛菜属间杂种后代中获得一个芥酸含量低、亚油酸含量较高的雄性不育材料S90— 8—7.细胞学研究表明 ,S90— 8—7的染色体数为 2n =38,其花药发育受阻于四分体至单核花粉期 ,属单核败育型 .小孢子发育到单核期后 ,不再向前发育成为二核期和三核期花粉 ,而是逐渐退化以至解体 .在减数分裂后期Ⅰ /末期Ⅰ一些细胞出现落后染色体或染色体桥 .不育系绒毡层延迟退化 ,一直到单核小孢子晚期才迅速解体 .初步认为S90— 8— 7可能是一个细胞核雄性不育材料 ,其不育性至少受一对隐性基因控制 .     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that