电弧喷涂铝及铝—锌涂层在动态腐蚀介质中的耐蚀性研究

对钢铁基体表面电弧喷涂铝及铝-锌涂层进行了动态腐蚀实验，以失质量法计算了腐蚀速度，并探讨了腐蚀机理。采用SEM对铝及铝—锌涂层腐蚀前后的外表形貌进行了观察，并对铝及铝—锌涂层表面进行了能谱分析，采用电化学系统测试了涂层的自腐蚀电位。实验结果表明，在3％NaCl水溶液中铝涂层的耐蚀性优于铝-锌涂层；其原因是铝涂层表面上氧化膜的自愈能力及自腐蚀电位高于铝-锌涂层。研究还表明，铝及铝—锌这些阳极涂层不仅能有效地保护它所覆盖的钢铁表面，还能保护暴露于腐蚀介质中的钢铁基体表面。在铝、铝—锌涂层上刷涂有机涂料，有机涂料能渗透到金属涂层的孔隙中，将孔隙封闭。同时，有机涂层和金属涂层能构成复合涂层，其防腐效果更佳。     

高速火焰喷涂层耐锌腐蚀性能的比较

为提高镀锌钢板生产线上轧辊的耐液态锌腐蚀能力，研制一种特殊的铁铝粉末，采用高速火焰喷涂法喷涂铁铝涂层，与高速火焰喷涂法喷涂的钴基碳化钨涂层相比较，研究二者耐液态锌腐蚀的性能，观察涂层与液态锌反应的断面形貌，测量腐蚀层厚度，结果表明，铁铝涂层比烧结钴基碳化钨层耐性能更好，铁铝喷涂层与锌形成铁铝锌三元相，抵抗液锌的腐蚀。     

离子束混合Al(Ti),Al(Pd)表面合金层的钝化

用三扫描极化测量，背散射和电镜方法研究了离子束混合Ａｌ（Ｔｉ），Ａｌ（Ｐｄ）非晶合金层在ＮａＨＣＯ３溶液中的印化，Ｔｉ３５Ａｌ６５的腐蚀速度为纯铝的１／２４，而Ｐｄ３０Ａｌ７０的腐蚀速率比纯铝增大了４４％。     

电弧喷涂铝涂层在海洋环境中的腐蚀机理

采用电弧喷涂技术在Q235钢基体上制备了铝涂层,并用完整涂层和局部破坏涂层两种试样进行室内模拟浸泡腐蚀实验,腐蚀介质为3.5%NaCl水溶液,流速为0.6m*s-1,实验温度为50±1*#℃. 结果表明:涂层局部破坏时的腐蚀速度与涂层完好时相差不大;铝涂层表面的均匀腐蚀并不严重,铝涂层的腐蚀主要是由于闭塞电池和活性-钝性腐蚀微电池的联合作用引起的局部腐蚀,主要类型为点蚀,且涂层层状剥落形成蚀坑;腐蚀介质到达基体时,将发生电偶腐蚀,铝涂层会作为牺牲阳极保护基体免受腐蚀.     

电弧喷涂防腐铝涂层耐蚀性能研究

利用电弧喷涂工艺在钢铁基体表面全部或部分地喷涂铝涂层 ,考察了涂层对裸露于腐蚀介质中钢材基体的防护作用 ,以失重法计算了静态腐蚀速度与动态腐蚀速度 ,并探讨了腐蚀机理。用扫描电镜 (SEM )对铝涂层腐蚀前后的外表形貌进行了观察 ,并测定了涂层的孔隙率。研究结果表明 ,当腐蚀介质为NaCl溶液 (其质量分数为5 0 % )、实验温度为 (5 0± 1)℃、介质流速为 1m/s时 ,铝涂层的动态腐蚀速度为静态腐蚀速度的 2倍。裸露于腐蚀介质中的钢铁面积增大 ,促使阴极去极化过程快速进行 ,腐蚀速度加快 ,涂层防护寿命缩短。涂层表面上氧化膜的自愈能力及涂层表面上沉积的白锈具有阻碍铝作为阳极牺牲从而保护阴极的功效。涂层中的贯通孔隙对削弱铝涂层的防护作用 ,随腐蚀过程进行而逐步减弱。     

电弧喷涂防腐铝涂层耐蚀性能研究

利用电弧喷涂工艺在钢铁基体表面全部或部分地喷涂铝涂层,考察了涂层对裸露于腐蚀介质中钢材基体的防护作用,以失重法计算了静态腐蚀速度与动态腐蚀速度,并探讨了腐蚀机理.用扫描电镜(SEM)对铝涂层腐蚀前后的外表形貌进行了观察,并测定了涂层的孔隙率.研究结果表明,当腐蚀介质为NaCl溶液(其质量分数为5.0%)、实验温度为(50±1)℃、介质流速为1 m/s时,铝涂层的动态腐蚀速度为静态腐蚀速度的2倍.裸露于腐蚀介质中的钢铁面积增大,促使阴极去极化过程快速进行,腐蚀速度加快,涂层防护寿命缩短.涂层表面上氧化膜的自愈能力及涂层表面上沉积的白锈具有阻碍铝作为阳极牺牲从而保护阴极的功效.涂层中的贯通孔隙对削弱铝涂层的防护作用,随腐蚀过程进行而逐步减弱.     

铝的电位-pH图及铝腐蚀曲线的测定

测定了在pH=2～16范围内,铝的腐蚀电位pH图,对铝腐蚀电位pH图中的各临界线上的反应进行了分析,得到了铝在水溶液中腐蚀的钝化pH值范围,并建立了在不同pH值范围内,铝的腐蚀电位方程;还测定了在pH=7时,纯水及人造海水中铝的腐蚀极化曲线·     

高腐蚀条件下用铝合金材料腐蚀机理

铝合金具有低密度、低熔点、高比强度及优良的耐腐蚀性能等特点，被广泛用于航空航天、建筑、船舶等领域。在服役过程中，铝合金的表层氧化膜易受到环境中活性阴离子的破坏而发生腐蚀，对其性能造成严重的损害，故研究铝合金在高腐蚀性环境的腐蚀行为对工程选材具有非常重要的指导意义。选择6061铝合金、2195铝锂合金和7075铝合金为研究对象，对其在特定腐蚀介质中的腐蚀过程和力学性能进行分析，研究了铝合金在特定腐蚀介质中腐蚀形貌与力学性能的变化规律。结果表明：腐蚀初期，在高Cl^-、NO₂^3-、SO₂^4-离子浓度的腐蚀环境中，3种铝合金的氧化膜受到阴离子破坏后发生点腐蚀，使基体暴露在腐蚀环境中，进而发生电化学腐蚀，6061铝合金和2195铝锂合金腐蚀方式是由点腐蚀向面腐蚀转变，7075铝合金腐蚀方式为晶间腐蚀；经过腐蚀后6061铝合金能保持稳定的强度和塑性，7075铝合金和2195铝锂合金的强度和塑性都明显降低。     

电弧喷涂铝及铝-锌涂层在动态腐蚀介质中的耐蚀性研究

对钢铁基体表面电弧喷涂铝及铝锌涂层进行了动态腐蚀实验 ,以失质量法计算了腐蚀速度 ,并探讨了腐蚀机理。采用SEM对铝及铝锌涂层腐蚀前后的外表形貌进行了观察 ,并对铝及铝锌涂层表面进行了能谱分析 ,采用电化学系统测试了涂层的自腐蚀电位。实验结果表明 ,在 3 %NaCl水溶液中铝涂层的耐蚀性优于铝锌涂层 ;其原因是铝涂层表面上氧化膜的自愈能力及自腐蚀电位高于铝锌涂层。研究还表明 ,铝及铝锌这些阳极涂层不仅能有效地保护它所覆盖的钢铁表面 ,还能保护暴露于腐蚀介质中的钢铁基体表面。在铝、铝锌涂层上刷涂有机涂料 ,有机涂料能渗透到金属涂层的孔隙中 ,将孔隙封闭。同时 ,有机涂层和金属涂层能构成复合涂层 ,其防腐效果更佳     

二次相诱发铝空气电池纯铝阳极局部腐蚀研究

铝空气电池由于铝阳极储量丰富、环保经济、配置简单、能量密度高等优势在能源领域显示出巨大的应用潜力。然而铝阳极在碱性电解质中的严重腐蚀大大限制了铝空气电池的实际应用,且有关铝阳极中二次相对腐蚀行为影响的报道很少。本文选用4种不同纯度的纯铝,并采用微观结构表征、电化学测试、原位腐蚀形貌观察、有限元模拟等手段,系统的探究了中二次相对纯铝阳极在碱性介质中局部腐蚀的影响。结果表明:纯铝中存在分布在晶内的团簇相及沿晶界分布的线条状析出相两种二次相,纯铝中的Al–Fe二次相几乎不溶于碱性溶液且在腐蚀过程中充当阴极相,在电偶作用的影响下导致其周围基体发生腐蚀。低纯度铝样品由于晶粒内和晶界处的大量二次相引起的强烈电偶腐蚀而遭受严重的腐蚀。相比之下,高纯铝样品由于二次相尺寸较小且含量较低,腐蚀现象较为轻微。准原位SEM观察表明,铝基体的快速溶解进一步促进了二次相的暴露及脱落。此外,基于有限元模型的模拟电流密度分布表明,二次相加速了团簇相及周围基体的腐蚀速率。本文深入研究了二次相在碱性介质中对纯铝腐蚀的影响,为铝空气电池阳极材料的设计提供了参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with