基于图像技术的钢球精确计数与尺寸识别系统

为解决轴承钢球生产过程中,人工称重计数不准确,容易造成球面擦伤、混球等问题,提出了基于图像技术的钢球精确计数与尺寸识别系统。该系统采用CCD( Charge Coupled Device) 工业相机连续拍摄计数盘中钢球的图像以计算钢球的数量,并识别钢球的尺寸。整个系统由进料通道、预计数盘、精确计数盘、CCD 工业相机、单球补偿装置和计算机等组成。首先,钢球通过进料通道滚动至预计数盘,并且在预计数盘上呈单层排列。预计数盘的面积根据钢球的尺寸和数量可以调整,通过面积调整使预计数盘中的钢球数量小于等于所需要的钢球数量。预计数之后钢球进入精确计数盘,通过精确计数盘上方的CCD 相机采集钢球图像,经过图像二值化处理及双灰度阈值算法精确计算钢球数量。根据精确计数的钢球数量与预定数的差值,采用单球补偿 装置进行补偿,以准确获得钢球的预定数量。通过在划定的区域内进行相邻钢球的球心距离对比识别异常尺寸的钢球。经过样机试验证明,所设计的钢球自动计数与尺寸识别系统,可以覆盖直径为4． 763 ～ 25． 4 mm 的钢球计数,其计数准确率和尺寸识别混球判断率均达到100%。     

热处理对TiAl基合金喷丸试样组织与性能的影响

TiAl合金在高温下服役时,表面因受循环载荷而容易产生疲劳裂纹,因此有必要进行表面处理以改善其力学性能。使用直径0.2 mm钢丸在0.7 MPa气压下对TiAl合金进行室温喷丸实验,使用ABAQUS有限元分析软件进行喷丸仿真模拟研究。随后,对喷丸试样进行不同温度和保温时间的热处理。通过SEM观察TiAl合金纵截面的显微组织,使用X射线残余应力仪测量TiAl合金表面的残余压应力,使用显微硬度仪测量热处理后TiAl合金表面的显微硬度。结果发现,喷丸后TiAl合金表面出现许多凹坑和层片状突起,次表面处发生明显塑性变形并出现许多变形孪晶。热处理后TiAl合金表面残余压应力会随着保温时间的增加和热处理温度的升高而变小。硬度几乎表现出与残余应力相同的趋势,但当热处理温度为1 200℃时,因金相组织发生变化,α₂相含量明显增多,导致硬度增加。     

Study on the separation process of non-metallic inclusions at the steel-slag interface using water modeling

The separation process of non-metallic inclusions at the steel-slag interface was simulated by physical modeling. Three different kinds of particles (octahedral, plate-like, and spherical) and three different oils (kerosene, bean oil, and pump oil) were used to model inclusions and slags, respectively. The effects of inclusion geometry (shape and size) and slag properties (viscosity and interfacial tension) on the separation process were investigated. The results revealed that the variation of surface free energy and the viscosity of the slag are two significant factors affecting the separation process of inclusions at the steel-slag interface. The variation of surface free energy helped inclusions enter the slag phase, whereas the decrease of slag viscosity shortened the separation time. The deformation of the steel-slag interface could give rise to the resistance force, which would resist inclusions passing through the interface. A liquid film formed on the inclusion as it passed through the steel-slag interface, which might be related to the inclusion's shape.     

磨矿过程的线性叠加原理及应用

通过对粉煤灰的间断磨矿试验,进一步验证了球介质的线性叠加原理,并利用该原理求得了粉煤灰磨矿的适宜球介质,在实际生产中采用确定的适宜球介质,使磨机产量提高了20％。     

首钢高VTi铁水转炉冶炼82 B供氧制度优化

首钢为降低82B生产成本,提高产品质量,在高炉原料中加入了钒钛球团矿.钒钛球团矿的加入导致转炉生产化渣慢,脱磷效率低,溅渣护炉效果不佳等问题.为了解决高钒钛铁水转炉生产82B所遇到的问题,本文以首钢炼钢厂转炉生产82B工艺为研究对象,利用Fluent数值模拟结合工业试验共同优化了转炉高VTi铁水冶炼82B供氧制度.通过供氧制度的优化,提高了转炉处理高VTi铁水的能力,从而保障首钢生产出高品质低成本的82B.     

基于卷积神经网络的钢渣砂图像识别及图像变化规律

钢渣安定性检验是实现钢渣安全资源利用的关键,针对钢渣安定性检测方法的效率低且受到取样代表性不足的问题,提出一种基于卷积神经网络的钢渣砂图像分类模型SE-ConvNeXt。该分类模型针对钢渣砂的图像特征,在ConvNeXt网络中添加通道注意力机制SE-Net（squeeze and excitation network）。相比于原ConvNeXt和其他卷积神经网络模型,SE-ConvNeXt的收敛速度更快,训练过程更稳定,准确率更高。实验数据集采集于蒸汽处理前后的钢渣砂图像,钢渣砂的粒径为4.75-2.36mm和2.36-1.18mm。分别使用两个粒径的钢渣砂图像训练网络,并分析钢渣砂图像变化规律。模型预测两个粒径的钢渣砂图像数据集准确率分别为92.5%、94%,且两个粒级的钢渣砂图变化规律相似,随着蒸汽陈化时间的增加,变化程度逐渐变小,随后图像变化程度趋于稳定。分析粉化率的变化规律,钢渣砂粉化率变化规律与钢渣砂图像变化规律具有相关性,蒸汽处理的钢渣砂可通过钢渣砂图像评价体积安定性。     

Novel concept of recycling sludge and dust to BOF converter through dispersed in-situ phase induced by composite ball explosive reaction

Recycling of iron and steelmaking dusts is a key issue in environmental protection efforts and to ensure efficient utilization. In this investigation, we developed a novel recovery process that uses a dispersed in-situ phase induced by an explosive reaction of composite balls of iron and steelmaking dusts. We designed and prepared composite balls for this function using a laboratory model batch-type balling disc(at 12 r/min) and optimized the feeding modes in 180-t and 260-t basic oxygen furnace(BOF) converters. The results indicate that feeding composite balls into BOF converters is an effective novel technology for recovering iron and steelmaking dusts. The period after hot metal charging and prior to the oxygen-blowing process is the most reasonable time to feed composite balls. Composite ball treatment is not appropriate for steel production with sulfur requirements lower than 80 ppm. The maximum composite ball feeding amount is 40 kg/t and the iron yield rate is better than 95%. Compared with the conventional recycling process of sludge and dust, this novel technology is more convenient and efficient, saving up to 309 RMB per ton of steel. Further investigation of this novel recycling technology is merited.     

Novel concept of recycling sludge and dust to BOF converter through dispersedin-situ phase induced by composite ball explosive reaction

Recycling of iron and steelmaking dusts is a key issue in environmental protection efforts and to ensure efficient utilization. In this investigation, we developed a novel recovery process that uses a dispersedin-situ phase induced by an explosive reaction of composite balls of iron and steelmaking dusts. We designed and prepared composite balls for this function using a laboratory model batch-type balling disc (at 12 r/min) and optimized the feeding modes in 180-t and 260-t basic oxygen furnace (BOF) converters. The results indicate that feeding composite balls into BOF converters is an effective novel technology for recovering iron and steelmaking dusts. The period after hot metal charging and prior to the oxygen-blowing process is the most reasonable time to feed composite balls. Composite ball treatment is not appro-priate for steel production with sulfur requirements lower than 80 ppm. The maximum composite ball feeding amount is 40 kg/t and the iron yield rate is better than 95%. Compared with the conventional recycling process of sludge and dust, this novel technology is more convenient and efficient, saving up to 309 RMB per ton of steel. Further investigation of this novel recycling technology is merited.     

Novel concept of recycling sludge and dust to BOF converter through dispersed <Emphasis Type="Italic">in-situ</Emphasis> phase induced by composite ball explosive reaction

Recycling of iron and steelmaking dusts is a key issue in environmental protection efforts and to ensure efficient utilization. In this investigation, we developed a novel recovery process that uses a dispersed in-situ phase induced by an explosive reaction of composite balls of iron and steelmaking dusts. We designed and prepared composite balls for this function using a laboratory model batch-type balling disc (at 12 r/min) and optimized the feeding modes in 180-t and 260-t basic oxygen furnace (BOF) converters. The results indicate that feeding composite balls into BOF converters is an effective novel technology for recovering iron and steelmaking dusts. The period after hot metal charging and prior to the oxygen-blowing process is the most reasonable time to feed composite balls. Composite ball treatment is not appropriate for steel production with sulfur requirements lower than 80 ppm. The maximum composite ball feeding amount is 40 kg/t and the iron yield rate is better than 95%. Compared with the conventional recycling process of sludge and dust, this novel technology is more convenient and efficient, saving up to 309 RMB per ton of steel. Further investigation of this novel recycling technology is merited.     

Performance of High-Speed Grease Lubricated Hybrid Ceramic Ball Bearing

To simplify the lubricating system for high-speed bearings and improve its reliability, grease lubricated high-speed hybrid ceramic bearings were theoretically and experimentally researched. Bearings with an outer race of 62 mm and eleven 9.525-mm balls were investigated. Traction coefficient and flash temperature between the bearing races and the balls were calculated and the results show that the traction coefficient of Si3N4 hybrid ceramic bearings is 74% that of the steel AISI 440B ones at 30000r/min and 1750N, and the flash temperature of the hybrid bearings is 49% that of steel ones. Simulating the highspeed bearing rotational conditions, the grease lubricated hybrid ceramic ball bearings were tested and the results show that the power consumption of hybrid ceramic bearing lubricated by grease D at 24000r/min and axial load 1750N is 80% that of steel ones.     

表面处理方式对钛/钢复合板界面结合性能的影响

采用真空制坯轧制复合法,在相同的加热温度、轧制道次和压下量等工艺条件下,分别对钢丝刷打磨、酸洗和带水砂带机打磨的表面处理方式,研究了3组钛/钢复合板的界面组织和力学性能.分析了表面处理方式对界面结合性能的影响.结果表明:带水砂带机表面处理方式下的钛/钢复合界面生成连续均匀的TiC层,剪切断口呈韧窝状,界面剪切强度稳定,平均强度达到242.6MPa.其他两种表面处理方式下的钛/钢复合板界面生成断续的TiC层,其剪切强度均未满足国家标准.     

对篮球投篮偏差的分类及其改进方法的研究

本文研究了在中远距离投篮过程中所出现的偏差分类、原因及纠正方法,目的在于为运动员、教练员改进投篮技术动作提供理论依据,使其动作规范化,从而提高投篮命中率。     

对篮球投篮偏差的分类及其改进方法的研究

本文研究了在中远距离投篮过程中所出现的偏差分类、原因及纠正方法,目的在于为运动员、教练员改进投篮技术动作提供理论依据.使其动作规范化,从而提高投篮命中率.     

润磨强化硫酸渣制备氧化球团的技术及机理

从硫酸渣本身特点出发，对硫酸渣制备氧化球团的特点及润磨在球团制备过程中的作用机理进行研究。研究结果表明：无润磨的硫酸渣生球强度极差，水分较高，润磨可改善硫酸渣的粒度组成、比表面积，降低生球的孔隙率，从而有效降低膨润土用量，大幅提高生球的强度及降低生球的水分；润磨也能提高硫酸渣颗粒活性，增加颗粒与颗粒之间的接触点，使质点利于扩散，从而改善硫酸渣球团的焙烧性能，润磨后的球团在焙烧温度为1150℃、焙烧时间为10 min的条件下，便可获得抗压强度大于3 kN/个的球团，大大降低了球团的焙烧温度。使用硫酸渣能生产出优质的球团供高炉使用。     

Preparation of titanium dioxide from titania-rich slag by molten NaOH method

Preparing titanium dioxide from titania-rich slag (TiO₂ 73wt%) by molten NaOH method has been developed. The effects of temperature and reaction time on the titanium conversion were investigated. The results showed that temperature had significant influence on the titanium conversion as well as the structure of the product. About 92% of titanium in the titania-rich slag could be converted after reacting with NaOH at 500℃ for 1 h. Metatitanic acid was formed through the steps of washing treatment, acid dissolution, and hydrolysis. Well-dispersed spherical titanium dioxide particles with an average size of 0.1-0.4 μm can be obtained by calcination of metatitanic acid. In addition, the content of titanium dioxide in the product is up to 98.6wt%, which can be used as pigments after further treatment of coating and crushing.     

钢球磨煤机钢球的最佳级配与补球参数

根据钢球磨煤机工况基本不变时钢球磨损呈现出的稳态磨损特性,建立了钢球磨损稳态矩阵模型.把该钢球稳态磨损矩阵应用于某电厂200 MW机组钢球磨煤机的装补球制度,降低了钢球磨煤机的钢耗和电耗.     

温度场数值模拟在低铬硼铸球工艺中的应用

利用温度场数值模拟对低铬硼铸球的凝固过程进行了计算·在研究铸球凝固过程温度分布规律的基础上,改进了铸造工艺,消除了缩孔等缺陷·经落球冲击疲劳寿命试验机测定,直径127铸球落球次数>8000次·     

GCr15SiMn钢球开裂原因分析

轴承钢球在热处理时发生开裂,采用宏观观察、微观检验及分析等方法对GCr15SiMn钢球心部缺陷的产生原因进行了较为全面的分析.结果表明,钢球心部的缺陷为缩孔残余,是钢材冶炼过程中形成的缺陷,属于冶金缺陷.同时,结合实际生产,提出了相关的防范措施,以避免此类裂纹的产生,从而保证了产品的质量.     

2012年伦敦奥运会中国男篮与竞争对手的差距分析研究

采用数量统计及观看录像的方法，对中国男篮在2012年伦敦奥运会中与对手五场比赛的技术指标进行统计对比，找出中国队与对手的差距，为中国男篮技战术水平的提高提供一定的参考作用．结果表明，中国队与对手的主要差距是总得分、前场篮板球、助攻等指标；次要差距是三分球投篮次数、失误等技术指标；其他差距是两分球命中数量、两分球投篮数量、两分球命中率、三分球命中数量、罚球命中率、后场篮板球、抢断等指标．     

IF钢生产过程非金属夹杂物的演变行为

在DS-LD-RH-CC工艺IF钢工业生产过程系统取样和全氧含量、氮含量、非金属夹杂物形貌和化学成分检测的基础上,结合热力学分析,研究了非金属夹杂物含量、形貌与成分的演变过程.结果表明,冶炼过程钢中全氧含量逐渐降低,但需控制钢包渣氧化性以进一步降低铸坯中全氧含量;在浇铸过程中发生明显的增氮现象,应进一步加强保护浇铸,控制浇铸过程钢水增氮;在RH精炼过程中,脱氧后主要生成团簇状单一Al2O3夹杂物,Ti合金化后生成球形Al-Ti-O和内外分层的Al-Ti-Ca-Mg-O复合夹杂物;在钢水凝固过程中,生成了内层为Ti-Al-Mn-O-S、外层为TiN和AlN的复合夹杂物.在铸坯中还存在由结晶器卷渣导致的含有K,Na成分的Ti-Al-Ca-Si-Mn-O大型复合夹杂物.