Bulk Al–Al3Zr composite prepared by mechanical alloying and hot extrusion for high-temperature applications

Bulk Al/Al3Zr composite was prepared by a combination of mechanical alloying (MA) and hot extrusion processes. Elemental Al and Zr powders were milled for up to 10 h and heat treated at 600°C for 1 h to form stable Al3Zr. The prepared Al3Zr powder was then mixed with the pure Al powder to produce an Al–Al3Zr composite. The composite powder was finally consolidated by hot extrusion at 550°C. The mechanical properties of consolidated samples were evaluated by hardness and tension tests at room and elevated temperatures. The results show that annealing of the 10-h-milled powder at 600°C for 1 h led to the formation of a stable Al3Zr phase. Differential scanning calorime-try (DSC) results confirmed that the formation of Al3Zr began with the nucleation of a metastable phase, which subsequently transformed to the stable tetragonal Al3Zr structure. The tension yield strength of the Al?10wt%Al3Zr composite was determined to be 103 MPa, which is approximately twice that for pure Al (53 MPa). The yield stress of the Al/Al3Zr composite at 300°C is just 10% lower than that at room tem-perature, which demonstrates the strong potential for the prepared composite to be used in high-temperature structural applications.     

铁素体球墨铸铁低温冲击韧性

为了优化生产工艺,探究化学成分对低温冲击韧性影响规律,通过夏比冲击试验方法研究了3组铸态全铁素体球墨铸铁的低温冲击韧性,分析了硅、碳含量对低温冲击韧性影响及断口形貌。结果表明：3组试样中,冲击韧性随碳含量增多和硅含量降低而升高;冲击韧度值随着温度的降低而下降,-20℃下可以达到15.20 J,冲击韧度值在温度低于-40℃后变化不大,韧脆转变温度在-40℃以上。冲击断口形貌表明,随温度降低,球墨铸铁的断裂机制由韧性断裂转为韧脆混合断裂,最后变为脆性断裂。可见碳硅含量会对低温冲击韧性造成一定影响。     

低温石墨化退火对低钼、低镍球墨铸铁组织和力学性能的影响

对含钼0.25%,含镍0.2%~0.8%的球墨铸铁进行低温石墨化退火,测试了其力学性能,并对显微组织和冲击断口进行观察和分析.结果表明:添加少量钼和镍后铸态球墨铸铁中铁素体含量增加,冲击韧度提高50%以上,强度和硬度下降;进行低温石墨化退火后球墨铸铁中珠光体逐渐转变成铁素体,与铸态相比冲击韧度有大幅度提高,冲击吸收功最多增加500%,冲击断口存在较多的撕裂岭和少量韧窝;此外,添加钼和镍后,不同的退火工艺下试样的力学性能参数比较稳定,波动小.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of cryorolled AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets with different initial textures

AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets with different strong textures were cryorolled at the liquid-nitrogen temperature to the strain of 4% and 8%. The microstructure and texture of the rolled sheets were investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical properties of the sheets were tested through in-plane uniaxial tensile tests at ambient temperature. The tensile stress was exerted in the rolling direction (RD) and transverse directions (TD). The microstructural and textural evolutions of the alloy during cryorolling were investigated. Due to active twining during rolling, the initial texture significantly influenced the microstructural and textural evolutions of the rolled sheets. A {1012} extension twin was found as the dominated twin-type in the cryorolled samples. After cryogenic rolling, the ductility of the samples decreased while the strength increased. Twinning also played an important role in explaining the mechanical differences between the rolled samples with different initial textures. The samples were significantly strengthened by the high stored energy accumulated from cryorolling.     

Bulk Al-Al3Zr composite prepared by mechanical alloying and hot extrusion for high-temperature applications

Bulk Al/Al₃Zr composite was prepared by a combination of mechanical alloying (MA) and hot extrusion processes. Elemental Al and Zr powders were milled for up to 10 h and heat treated at 600℃ for 1 h to form stable Al₃Zr. The prepared Al₃Zr powder was then mixed with the pure Al powder to produce an Al-Al₃Zr composite. The composite powder was finally consolidated by hot extrusion at 550℃. The mechanical properties of consolidated samples were evaluated by hardness and tension tests at room and elevated temperatures. The results show that annealing of the 10-h-milled powder at 600℃ for 1 h led to the formation of a stable Al₃Zr phase. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results confirmed that the formation of Al₃Zr began with the nucleation of a metastable phase, which subsequently transformed to the stable tetragonal Al₃Zr structure. The tension yield strength of the Al-10wt%Al₃Zr composite was determined to be 103 MPa, which is approximately twice that for pure Al (53 MPa). The yield stress of the Al/Al₃Zr composite at 300℃ is just 10% lower than that at room temperature, which demonstrates the strong potential for the prepared composite to be used in high-temperature structural applications.     

Design of a low-alloy high-strength and high-toughness martensitic steel

To develop a high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel with high strength and high toughness, a series of martensitic steels were studied through alloying with various elements and thermodynamic simulation. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the designed steel were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing and Charpy impact test. The results show that cementite exists between 500℃ and 700℃, M₇C₃ exits below 720℃, and they are much lower than the austenitizing temperature of the designed steel. Furthermore, the Ti(C,N) precipitate exists until 1280℃, which refines the microstructure and increases the strength and toughness. The optimal alloying components are 0.19% C, 1.19% Si, 2.83% Mn, 1.24% Ni, and 0.049% Ti; the tensile strength and the V notch impact toughness of the designed steel are more than 1500 MPa and 100 J, respectively.     

冷却工艺对低碳Ti微合金化热轧超高强钢组织性能的影响

对实验钢采用低碳高Ti微合金化的成分设计,进行了控轧控冷实验,通过控制不同的冷速和卷取温度,研究了过冷度和原子扩散速率对钢组织演变及(Ti,Mo)C粒子的析出行为的影响.研究结果表明,冷速为30℃/s,卷取温度为420℃时,实验钢屈服强度大于690MPa,抗拉强度为820MPa,断后伸长率达18%,并具有良好的低温冲击韧性.显微组织性能研究表明,多边形铁素体、针状铁素体、细小M/A岛及弥散的(Ti,Mo)C析出粒子的混合组织可实现强度和韧性的良好匹配.     

Interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V/Al7050 joints fabricated using the insert molding method

Ti-6Al-4V/Al7050 joints were fabricated by a method of insert molding and corresponding interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The interfacial thickness was sensitive to holding temperature during the first stage, and a good metallurgical bonding interface with a thickness of about 90 μm can be obtained at 750℃. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and thermodynamic analyses showed that the interface mainly contained intermetallic compound TiAl₃ and Al matrix. The joints featured good mechanical properties, i.e., shear strength of 154 MPa, tensile strength of 215 MPa, and compressive strength of 283 MPa, which are superior to those of joints fabricated by other methods. Coherent boundaries between Al/TiAl₃ and TiAl₃/Ti were confirmed to contribute to outstanding interfacial mechanical properties and also explained constant fracture occurrence in the Al matrix. Follow-up studies should focus on improving mechanical properties of the Al matrix by deformation and heat treatment.     

Effect of trace Zn, P and Mg additions on microstructure and mechanical properties of Nb-Si-Ti alloys

The effects of Zn,P and Mg additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Nb-22Ti-3Si alloys were studied. The phases of Nbss and Nb_3Si presented in Nb-22Ti-3Si(AC1),Nb-22Ti-3Si-0.2Zn(AC2) and Nb-22Ti-3Si-0.2Mg alloys(AC3). The Nb-22Ti-3Si-0.2P(AC4) alloy consisted of Nbss,Nb_3Si network and eutectic cell of Nbss/α-Nb_5Si_3.By the addition of Zn,the Nb_3Si network was broken and the volume fraction of Nbss increased from 92%to 96%.The values of fracture toughness of the alloy AC2 at ambien...     

Corrosion behavior of ultrafine-grained AA2024 aluminum alloy produced by cryorolling

The objectives of this study were to produce ultrafine-grained (UFG) AA2024 aluminum alloy by cryorolling followed by aging and to evaluate its corrosion behavior. Solutionized samples were cryorolled to ~85% reduction in thickness. Subsequent aging resulted in a UFG structure with finer precipitates of Al₂CuMg in the cryorolled alloy. The (1) solutionized and (2) solutionized and cryorolled samples were uniformly aged at 160℃/24 h and were designated as CGPA and CRPA, respectively; these samples were subsequently subjected to corrosion studies. Potentiodynamic polarization studies in 3.5wt% NaCl solution indicated an increase in corrosion potential and a decrease in corrosion current density for CRPA compared to CGPA. In the case of CRPA, electrochemical impedance spectroscopic studies indicated the presence of two complex passive oxide layers with a higher charge transfer resistance and lower mass loss during intergranular corrosion tests. The improved corrosion resistance of CRPA was mainly attributed to its UFG structure, uniform distribution of fine precipitates, and absence of coarse grain-boundary precipitation and associated precipitate-free zones as compared with the CGPA alloy.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Nb–Si alloys fabricated by spark plasma sintering

This paper deals with microstructural evolutions and mechanical properties of Nb-Si binaries containing dual-phase Nb/Nb5Si3 with Nb to Nb5Si3 fraction ratios of 90:10,80:20,70:30 and 50:50,prepared by spark plasma sintering(SPS).Dense Nb/Nb5Si3 samples with a relative density larger than 99.5% were obtained by SPS processing.The SPS samples consist of the Nb and Nb5Si3 phases with less than 3% fraction of NbO oxide.Hv at room temperature,and compressive strength at 1150℃ and 1250 1C of the bulk SPS alloys increase monolithically by enhancing fraction of the stiffening Nb5Si3 phase.For example,0.2% yield strength,σ0.2,increases from 175 MPa to 420 MPa at 1150℃ and from 110 MPa to 280 MPa at 1250℃,when the Nb5Si3 fraction increases from 10% to 50%.It is interesting that the fracture toughness,KQ,of the bulk SPS samples seems not to be sensitive to phase fraction.Heat treatment,however,plays a key role on the KQ as compared with that of the as-sintered state,at the corresponding Nb5Si3 fraction and considerably improves the KQ by about 100% for samples with the Nb5Si3 fractions of 10%-30%,and by about 50% for the sample with 50% Nb5Si3 fraction.     

纤维体积分数对炭/炭复合材料力学性能的影响

以40%,30%和25%3种不同纤维体积分数的针刺整体毡为坯体,经3次化学气相浸渗后制备C/C复合材料;测定其未经热处理与经不同温度热处理后的石墨化度,抗弯、抗剪、垂直与平行抗压强度;在偏光下观察其微观结构;采用扫描电子显微镜对其断口形貌进行观察;研究纤维体积分数与C/C复合材料的力学性能的关系及不同热处理条件下C/C复合材料的断裂机理.研究结果表明:在不同热处理状态下,当纤维体积分数为30%时炭/炭复合材料的抗弯、抗压和抗剪强度均最高;经热处理后的试样,其力学性能降低,断裂方式由脆性断裂转变为韧性断裂;热处理温度越高,其力学性能降低的程度越大.     

添加BN对TiB_2-Al复合材料显微组织与力学性能的影响

对金属浸渗法制备的TiB2-Al复合材料进行物相、显微组织以及力学性能方面的检测,研究了添加BN对于TiB2-Al复合材料力学性能与显微组织的影响.物相分析发现,添加的BN与金属Al进行了界面反应生成了AlN;显微组织分析发现,AlN产生于TiB2与Al界面;力学检测发现,随着BN添加量的增加,抗折强度逐渐下降,断裂韧性先增加再下降,硬度逐渐增加.浸入预制体中Al的量是影响材料断裂韧性的主要原因;当BN的添加量为10%时,TiB2-Al显现出较好的力学性能,抗折强度、断裂韧性和硬度(HRC)分别为538.48 MPa,7.14MPa.m1/2和21.2.     

Improving the tensile properties of extruded Mg–Ga alloy by ageing treatment

A hot-extruded Mg-5Ga alloy was subjected to ageing treatment at 150 ?°C, 190 ?°C and 230 ?°C. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the extruded and aged alloy were examined in this study. Microstructure examinations suggested that particle-shaped and rod-shaped Mg₅Ga₂ were precipitated in the alloy after peak ageing treatment. The extruded alloy showed the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation to fracture of 157.6 ?MPa, 248.6 ?MPa and 17.5%, respectively. After peak ageing, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength can be enhanced by as much as 15.7% and 8.6% reaching 182.3 ?MPa and 270 ?MPa, respectively. The improvement of the tensile strengths is mainly attributed to the enhanced precipitation strengthening by newly formed fine Mg₅Ga₂ precipitates. The ductility of the alloy was slightly increased by peak ageing at low temperatures (150 ?°C and 190 ?°C), but remarkably decreased by peak ageing at high temperature (230 ?°C) due to the formation of coarsened Mg₅Ga₂ particles which easily initiated the cracks during tensile deformation.     

亚稳奥氏体对高强度海洋工程用钢力学性能的影响

采用力学性能测试、组织观察等方法研究临界退火和不同温度回火对海洋工程用钢显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,实验钢经两相区退火和不同温度回火后,获得了回火马氏体及不同体积分数(0～6％)的残余奥氏体.随实验钢中残余奥氏体体积分数的增加,屈服强度从753 MPa降低到506 MPa,抗拉强度介于794～843 MPa,屈...     

YSZ含量对多孔氧化铝支撑体断裂韧性的影响

针对陶瓷膜支撑体材料的脆性问题,研究添加适量氧化锆粉体来改善多孔氧化铝陶瓷支撑体的断裂韧性。采用干压成型法,分别在1400°C、1450°C、1500°C、1550°C、1600°C烧后得到相应的支撑体,考察各支撑体的断裂韧性,以及各支撑体的孔隙率和抗折强度随氧化锆添加量的变化规律,采用XRD(X-raydiffraction)物相分析手段对氧化锆增韧多孔氧化铝陶瓷的增韧机理进行了探讨。研究结果表明:1600°C热处理后,当YSZ含量为6wt%时,支撑体的抗折强度和断裂韧性值最大,分别为137MPa和2.5MPa.m1/2,其中,t-ZrO2转变为m-ZrO2是支撑体断裂韧性提高的根本原因。     

B4C-ZrB2-Al复合材料的真空熔渗法制备与性能分析

通过在B4C-ZrB2多孔预烧体中真空熔渗Al制备了B4C-ZrB2-Al复合材料,研究了该复合材料的物相组成和力学性能.结果表明:ZrB2的生成量影响B4C-ZrB2-Al复合材料的物相组成;随着ZrB2生成量的增加,复合材料的硬度先增大后降低,抗折强度和断裂韧性先降低后增大;延性Al的渗入是造成材料断裂韧性提高的主要原因.当ZrB2生成量为35%(质量分数)时,复合材料主要由B4C,ZrB2和Al组成,其气孔率、硬度HRA、抗折强度和断裂韧性分别为1.06%,82.2,521.5MPa和8.6MPa.m1/2.观察材料断口形貌可见较多的韧窝和金属撕裂棱,表明其断裂行为主要为沿晶和穿晶混合断...     

Effects of AlN on the densification and mechanical properties of pressureless-sintered SiC ceramics

In the present work, Si C ceramics was fabricated with Al N using B_4 C and C as sintering aids by a solid-state pressureless-sintered method. The effects of Al N contents on the densification, mechanical properties, phase compositions, and microstructure evolutions of as-obtained Si C ceramics were thoroughly investigated. Al N was found to promote further densification of the Si C ceramics due to its evaporation over 1800 °C,transportation, and solidification in the pores resulted from Si C grain coarsening. The highest relative density of 99.65% was achieved for Si C sample with 15.0 wt% Al N by the pressureless-sintered method at 2130 °C for 1 h in Ar atmosphere. Furthermore, the fracture mechanism for Si C ceramics containing Al N tended to transfer from single transgranular fracture mode to both transgranular fracture and intergranular fracture modes when the sample with 30.0 wt% Al N sintered at 1900 °C for 1 h in Ar. Also, Si C ceramics with 30.0 wt% Al N exhibited the highest fracture toughness of 5.23 MPa m~(1/2) when sintered at 1900 °C.     

High temperature tensile properties and fracture behavior of cast nickel-base K445 superalloy

The tensile properties and fracture behavior of a cast nickel-base superalloy K445 in the temperature range of 25-1 000℃were investigated.The microstructure and fracture surfaces of the alloy were investigated by OM,SEM and TEM.The results revealed that an anomalous yield strength phenomenon exists in the alloy at medium high temperature.The yield strength decreases gradually with the increase of temperature,reaches the minimum value at 650℃,and then increases again to obtain 940 MPa,which is almost the ...     

热压烧结C-SiC-B_4C复合材料组织与性能(Ⅰ)

以Cfg,SiC,B4C,TiO2为原料,热压工艺为1750~1 900℃×30 min,25 MPa,制备了C-SiC-B4C复合材料,并研究了材料的组织与性能.结果表明随热压温度升高,复合材料的体积密度、抗折强度、断裂韧性均升高;相同热压温度下随Cfg含量增加,其抗折强度降低、断裂韧性升高.在1 900℃热压,原料质量配比(质量分数,%)为Cfg20,SiC 61.7,B4C 12.3和TiO26时,复合材料的综合力学性能最佳,抗折强度为142.5MPa,断裂韧性为4.8 MPa.m21.复合材料的主晶相为层状结构的Cfg,在Cfg层间为SiC,B4C和原位生成的TiB2颗粒.复合材料的增...