不同越冬模式下刺猬体表温度、摄食量和体重的变化

东北刺猬(Erinaceus amurensis)是广泛分布于中国北方地区的典型冬眠物种,其在实验室越冬的模式各异,为了更好的了解其在不同越冬模式下的生理表现,设计了试验。根据在冬季是否进行冬眠,将东北刺猬分成冬眠组(n=6)和非冬眠组(n=6),监测并记录其体表温度、摄食量和体重变化、冬眠组的冬眠天数。结果表明:1)冬眠组刺猬在冬眠季节体表温度显著低于非冬眠组,接近环境温度(12.6±1.7℃~19.8±2.0℃,p0.05);冬眠组均摄食量(0.24±0.2(g/d)~17.77±9.3(g/d,p0.05)及体重(623.0±101.5g~636.0±106.1g,p0.05)均显著低于非冬眠组。在非冬眠季节,冬眠组的体表温度与非冬眠组的体表温度无差异。2)冬眠组体表温度(r=0.914,p0.01)、摄食量(r=0.738,p0.01)和体重增长率(r=0.470,p0.01)都与冬眠天数百分比(冬眠天数/实验天数)成反比。3)冬眠组在冬眠时体表温度显著低于其觉醒期,也显著低于非冬眠组动物的体表温度,冬眠组觉醒期摄食量和体温与非冬眠组差异不显著。结果提示,在冬季,如果外界环境寒冷且不易觅食,刺猬可能会选择冬眠的模式越冬,但在能获得足够食物的冬季,刺猬可能会选择不冬眠或少冬眠的模式越冬。     

红瘰疣螈繁殖习性初步研究

2007年5月至2010年8月,采用野外调查与室内饲养相结合的方法,对生活于云南省苍山洱海国家级自然保护区内的红瘰疣螈的繁殖习性作了初步观察。结果表明,在大理地区繁殖期一般为5月上旬至8月上旬,窝卵数为96.43±6.14枚,孵化期20~23 d,人工孵化率80.5~92%;自然孵化率72.2~80.9%;对不同日龄幼螈的形态变化特征进行了系统描述,外鳃萎缩期死亡率较高。     

中华鳖冬眠期与活动期部分生理生化性质的比较研究

作者采用常规生理生化方法 ,对中华鳖冬眠期与活动期的体温、呼吸频率、耗氧量、心电图、红细胞数、血红蛋白含量及血糖浓度等进行了测定 ,通过比较分析的结果显示 ,中华鳖在冬眠期其体温、呼吸频率、耗氧量和心率均显著低于活动期 ,而红细胞数、血红蛋白含量及血糖浓度等却高于活动期 (尤其在冬眠初、中期 ) .反映了冬眠动物对不同季节的生理性适应 .     

扎龙湿地注水后恢复初期春季丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)繁殖行为观察

2003年4月在扎龙国家级自然保护区,对野生、散养和杂配三种类型的丹顶鹤求偶期和孵化期行为进行了观察.结果表明,丹顶鹤在求偶期和孵化期的行为具有较强的规律性,主要行为(＞5%)所占频率为:求偶期野生丹顶鹤觅食50.97%、警戒27.47%、游走8.57%、筑巢5.61%,散养丹顶鹤觅食47%、警戒23.18%、静栖5.75%、游走14.69%、理羽8.4%;孵化期野生丹顶鹤孵化49.86%、觅食29.50%、警戒16.81%,散养丹顶鹤孵化48.67%、觅食31.53%、警戒13.79%,杂配丹顶鹤孵化46.8%、觅食27.24%、警戒20.61%.求偶期野生丹顶鹤的觅食行为和警戒行为均高于散养鹤,但游走行为较散养鹤低.杂配丹顶鹤的警戒性最强,其次是野生丹顶鹤,散养丹顶鹤的警戒性最差.散养丹顶鹤最早进入孵化期,杂配鹤开始孵化时间和野生鹤类似.     

山地麻蜥冬眠期脂肪体和肝糖含量变化的研究

对山地麻蜥冬眠前后的体重、肝重、肝糖浓度、脂肪体重等指标的检测,表明山地麻蜥冬眠前后的肝重、肝糖浓度、脂肪体重均发生明显变化,提示山地麻蜥冬眠期间肝糖和脂肪体的消耗量大;统计数据还显示肝糖浓度与体重、肝重之间的相关性不显著．     

户外冬眠刺猬体温变化的遥测研究

1984年冬季,将四只腹腔内埋有自制小型体温发报机的刺猬(Erinaceus dealbatus)放置在一僻静的户外实验场地,刺猬进入冬眠。用收录机接收发报机发射的信号。根据对信号的分析,证实刺猬在户外自然冬眠时确有冬眠阵现象,即每隔数日到十数日冬眠动物的低体温状态被自发升温所间断,升温可达到非冬眠季节体温水平。文中对刺猬冬眠阵的低温期和醒觉期的期间和温度特性进行了分析。     

补食增加达乌尔黄鼠(Spermophilus dauricus)越冬存活率并减少冬眠表达（英文）

近年来,可利用能量对哺乳动物冬眠表达的影响受到极大关注。有研究证据支持"最小蛰眠假说",即储食类冬眠动物,可以利用储存的食物补充能量,减少冬眠表达。以典型贮脂类冬眠的达乌尔黄鼠为研究对象,将动物分为2组,在冬眠期分别进行补充食物(FP)和剥夺食物(FD)处理,并探讨食物和身体脂肪是否影响、如何影响该物种的冬眠模式。结果表明,FP组17.6%的个体在冬眠季节连续摄入食物,29.4%的个体在冬眠的初始和结束期间摄入少量食物,半数以上的个体冬眠季节未摄取食物。与不取食黄鼠相比,持续取食的个体冬眠阵的持续时间较短,阵间觉醒持续时间较长。冬眠期间的体重降低与入眠时的体重呈正相关。食物补充可减少冬眠季节的长度和冬眠季节异温时长的比例。这些结果支持了可利用能量影响达乌尔黄鼠冬眠表达的假说。     

巢湖日本沼虾的繁殖周期及其资源量估计

巢湖的日本沼虾Macrobrachium nipponense(de Haan)繁殖期为5月至9月。雌虾抱卵率高峰出现在7月和8月。7月抱卵率为66.7％,抱卵雌虾系越年虾,8月达71.4％,抱卵雌虾除越年虾外,尚有进入产卵期的当年虾。抱卵量随个体大小而异。作者按面积法估计了巢湖虾类的资源(N=Y/(C×A)×S)量,进而算出日本沼虾的年初资源量约为27.2万斤。     

达乌尔黄鼠冬眠期与非冬眠期的产热活性及激素调节

测定了达乌尔黄鼠(Spermophilus Dauricus)冬季冬眠时和秋季非冬眠时的产热活性及其激素调节．达乌尔黄鼠下丘脑促甲状腺激素释放激素(TRH)冬眠时含量显著高于非冬眠时的，血清中三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)质量浓度也有明显增加．表明达乌尔黄鼠下丘脑甲状腺轴激素水平和功能存在季节性变化，冬眠时该轴是激活的，这个轴的激活，有利于黄鼠冬眠觉醒中褐色脂肪组织(BAT)的产热．冬眠时达乌尔黄鼠下丘脑促肾上腺激素释放激素(CRF)的质量分数、肾上腺皮质酮的质量分数和肾上腺质量明显比非冬眠季节的个体低．表明达乌尔黄鼠在冬眠过程中，下丘脑CRF-肾上腺轴受到抑制，从而解除了对BAT产热的抑制作用．     

温度对荒漠沙蜥能量代谢、呼吸和水分蒸发的影响

本文研究了温度对荒漠沙蜥(Phrynocephalus przewalskii)能量代谢、呼吸和水分蒸发的影响.荒漠沙蜥的耗氧量(mg/g·h)log(?)和实验温度 X 之间呈正相关,回归方程为 log(?)=-1.037+0.028x,r=0.9980.相关非常显著(P<0.01),即随实验温度的升高,其耗氧量也随之增加.荒漠沙蜥的呼吸为非连续性呼吸,即通气期和非通气期相交替.在通气期,每分钟的呼吸率随实验温度的升高而增加,呈现一定的规律性.实验温度升高时,荒漠沙蜥的水分蒸发量也明显增加.22℃时的水分蒸发量为0.48mg/g·h,当实验温度升为45℃时,水分蒸发量则增至4.36mg/g·h.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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