圆管弯道内部流动数值模拟及湍流模式比较研究

运用有限体积法数值离散雷诺平均的Navier-Stokes方程,对90°大曲率圆形截面弯管内的湍流流动进行了计算模拟(其中雷诺应力分别采用标准k-ε模型、RNG k-ε模型、Realizable k-ε模型进行封闭),并将计算结果与实验资料进行了比较.结果表明,RNG k-ε湍流模型结合双层壁面区域处理方法能够较为准确地模拟大曲率管道中的流动现象.     

缩放型喷嘴产生的空化射流流场数值模拟

应用Standard k-ε,RNG k-ε和Standard k-ω湍流模型对缩放型喷嘴内部湍流流场进行数值模拟,结合理论及质量流量测试试验对数值模拟结果进行对比验证.结果表明:RNG k-ε湍流模型最适合用于数值模拟缩放型喷嘴内部的湍流流场;RNG k-ε湍流模型数值模拟结果显示缩放型喷嘴收缩角使喷嘴喉管部产生了低压场,压差的产生使水射流的空化效果得到了提高.     

大曲率结构化表面湍流流场特性对比研究

湍流模型选择对于小尺寸大曲率圆管内软性磨粒流湍流流场模拟计算具有重要影响.针对此问题,提出使用标准k-ε模型与考虑两相磨粒流平均流动中的旋转及旋流流动情况的重整化群(RNG)k-ε模型进行仿真对比研究的方法.基于颗粒动力学理论的欧拉模型,对软性磨粒流的控制方程进行求解.通过使用两种湍流模型,对小尺寸大曲率圆管内湍流流动进行仿真计算,得到了两湍流模型下软性磨粒流流场的速度、压力、湍动能等数值模拟结果.仿真结果对比分析表明:标准k-ε模型模拟得到的速度值与实验值存在一定误差,而RNG k-ε模型仿真的速度值误差相对较小;标准k-ε模型对湍动能的估值计算比RNG k-ε湍流模型高,难以计算有滞止点的流动过程;RNG k-ε湍流模型能更有效地模拟有大曲率带分离的湍流流动,从而证明该模型更适合小尺寸大曲率圆管内软性磨粒流湍流流动的研究.     

采用不同湍流模型对半封闭狭缝湍流冲击射流的数值模拟

针对海洋石油工程中废弃平台切割技术的需要,采用充分发展的入口条件结合标准壁面函数,将标准k-ε模型、RNG k-ε模型、Realizable k-ε模型和雷诺应力模型应用于半封闭狭缝湍流冲击射流的数值模拟,采用减小网格尺寸和提高差分格式精度等措施来减小数值伪扩散对冲击射流流动的影响.结果表明:雷诺应力模型和Realizable k-ε湍流模型在湍流冲击射流的数值模拟中具有一定的优越性,Realizable k-ε模型的计算量较小;减小网格尺寸并不能降低数值黏性对计算结果的影响;提高差分格式的精度可以在一定程度上降低数值黏性对计算结果的影响,MUSCL格式并没有显著提高计算结果的精度.     

绕水翼超空化流动数值模拟的湍流模型评价

为深入了解湍流模型对超空化流动计算的影响,分别采用3种不同的湍流模型即标准κ-ε模型、RNGκ-ε模型和SSG雷诺应力模型,对绕水翼的超空化流动进行了数值模拟,并与实验结果进行了对比.结果表明:标准κ-ε模型仅能模拟出定常状态的超空化形态;RNGκ-ε模型和SSG雷诺应力模型能较为准确地模拟出超空化区域内的两相混合非定常特性,并完整再现了空泡内部两相(气相和水气混合相)界面的反向波动过程,而采用RNGκ-ε模型计算得到的最大空泡长度与实验最为接近.     

稳态射流数值模拟中速度参量对传热的影响机制分析

对文献中多个槽缝冲击射流的经典实验结果进行数值模拟,考察RNG k-ε和Transition SST湍流模型的表现,主要分析射流出口中心线和展向、壁面射流区域的雷诺时均速度和湍流度分布,以及靶面换热效果与流场模拟结果之间的关系.模拟结果表明,与Transition SST湍流模型相比,RNG k-ε模型的结果表现出更强的湍流粘性,使得其中心线上速度衰减较快,该效果可能导致低估靶面上的冲击换热效果;而在冲击滞止区域,RNG k-ε湍流模型结果表现出过高的湍动能,该效果可能导致高估靶面上的冲击换热效果.因此,当射流雷诺数较小时,Transition SST模型所得滞止区换热系数要高于RNG k-ε模型的结果,反之亦然;而在壁面射流区域,RNG k-ε模型对于流场速度的模拟较好,但相应区域的传热模拟并没有表现出明显的优越性.     

搅拌槽内三维流动场的RNG k-ε数值模拟

RNG k-ε模型在耗散率方程中通过系数C*1引入描述流场畸变效应的附加源项后,在一定程度上会改善对旋转流、浮力流等较复杂湍流的预报能力.本文应用该模型对六直叶涡轮搅拌桨的三维流动场进行了数值模拟,并将计算结果与实验数据进行了比较.计算结果表明:RNG k-ε模型对桨叶附近速度场的预报较k-ε模型有一定程度改善,但对湍流动能的预报却要比k-ε模型差.若要进一步改进对桨叶附近流动场的预报,必须放弃基于各向同性假设的湍流模型,转而采用能够反映各向异性的模型或采用先进的计算方法.     

旋风分离器内气相湍流流动的数值模拟

采用标准k-ε模型、雷诺应力模型(RSM)以及k-w模型对旋风分离器内部湍流流场进行了数值模拟.对比了采用两种不同的离散格式时的计算表现,分析了不同近壁模型对于模拟结果的影响.通过数值解与实验值进行的对比发现采用雷诺应力模型较k-w模型,k-ε模型能更准确地模拟分离器内强旋流场.     

基于RNG k-ε湍流模型钝体绕流的数值模拟

采用RNG k-ε湍流模型对钝体绕流流场进行了数值模拟．计算采用非交错网格的有限体积法求解二维不可压N-S方程．计算结果表明，RNG k-ε湍流模型可以成功地模拟绕钝体的不稳定、非定常和剧烈分离流动。     

基于不同湍流模型的离心泵叶轮内部流场分析

基于计算流体力学数值模拟技术,对一个低比转速离心泵叶轮内部流场流动情况进行分析研究。分别采用4种湍流模型:标准k-ε模型、RNGk-ε模型、Realizable k-ε模型和雷诺应力模型(RSM)及SIMPLE算法,对不同湍流模型及不同工况下的扬程预测曲线,比较计算时间的差别,在此基础上,比较不同模型在设计工况下的流场,并与实验结果进行了对比分析。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.