立体分级低氮燃烧技术在恒运电厂2×210MW锅炉上的应用

通过对2?10MW的锅炉机组进行燃烧器和燃尽风的改造技术实现燃料的水平分级和空气的竖直分级,并针对不同的二次风配风方式和燃尽风的份额条件下的燃烧过程进行了实验研究。根据测量结果分析可见,改造前烟气中NOx排放量为550mg/m3,改造后的锅炉机组,实测的烟气中NOx排放量可降到230 mg/m3,降低了约58%（折算到O2=6%）。NOx的排放量与煤粉喷口周围的还原性气氛相关,该部分的空气量影响了燃料N的转换过程。对煤粉的空气分级燃烧技术,存在一个最佳的燃尽风份额,可以促使NOx的排放浓度达到最低的水平。     

600 MW“W”型火焰锅炉NOx的排放特性

以某电厂1台超临界600 MW”W”火焰锅炉NOx排放量过高为背景,对锅炉炉内燃烧过程进行数值模拟,研究不同负荷、不同煤种及不同配风方式对NOx排放量的影响.研究结果表明:不对称停运前后拱燃烧器会使NOx排放量升高,NOx排放量随燃料中N质量分数增大而增大；当前、后拱上气流或前后墙分级风量不同时,会使得NOx排放量升高.     

面向锅炉燃烧优化的炉膛动态建模

为了设计炉膛燃烧动态优化控制器,提出了一种结合NOx产生机理的锅炉炉膛一维建模方法.通过将锅炉炉膛沿高度方向进行分层,并采用集总参数法分别描述锅炉各层内的流动、燃烧、传热和NOx生成过程,建立了能够表征锅炉燃烧特性的一维动态模型.通过对某HG220/100-10燃煤锅炉的建模仿真表明,所提出的模型能够正确反映出炉膛沿高度方向的一维温度分布及NOx分布,并能够准确反映不同配风方式对NOx排放的影响,以及各层风煤变化时炉膛出口处烟气温度、飞灰含碳量及NOx浓度的动态响应特性.相比传统三维模型,所建模型形式简单、计算量小,对于锅炉燃烧优化控制的设计能够起到关键的支撑作用.     

煤粉锅炉膜法富氧局部助燃技术

针对150 t/h煤粉动力锅炉存在结焦、热效率低及NOx排放浓度高等问题,在冷态动力场试验的基础上,借助计算机仿真技术,应用k-ε-g湍流燃烧模型及煤的双挥发反应热解模型对炉内流动及燃烧过程进行数值计算,开发局部富氧助燃技术,设计膜法富氧局部助燃系统,并将局部富氧助燃技术应用于煤粉锅炉的工业试验。实践结果表明:局部富氧助燃技术的应用,能有效地解决炉膛结焦和高温腐蚀问题;提高低负荷不投油稳燃能力;燃用贫煤时,可以在50%额定负荷下断油稳燃;大渣及飞灰可燃物含量降低,排烟热损失减少1.2%,锅炉实测热效率比常规运行方式下的热效率提高2.5%以上;锅炉NOx排放量在120~150 t/h负荷下为627~768 mg/m3。     

冷凝式供热锅炉的节能及环保特性

从燃料的燃烧反应机理出发,分析计算了冷凝式锅炉用于供热时的节能情况,当回收50%的烟气中水蒸汽冷凝潜热时,对于面积为250 m2的别墅,1个采暖季能节约186.3 m3天然气,节省521.64元燃气费.冷凝式锅炉除节能外,还能大大减少锅炉烟气中有害物的排放量,在水蒸汽冷凝率为52.6%的情况下,烟气中高达99%的SOx被冷凝水吸收,93%的烟尘被洗涤下来,50.9%的NOx及58.4%的CO被除去.     

燃瓦斯气加热炉空气分级低氮燃烧数值模拟及验证

为实现燃瓦斯气加热炉NO_x排放低于200 mg/m3的目标,采用数值计算的方法对空气分级低氮技改方案进行了优化。利用FLUENT软件计算了燃尽风布置和当量比对温度分布、燃尽率和NO_x生成量等的影响规律;通过与工业试验对比验证了优化方案。结果表明:当燃烧区当量比约0.85时,NOx排放总量最小;当量比一定时,还原区段长度增大有利于NO_x量降低;燃尽风两级较单级布置可实现NOx的进一步降低;但其中热力型NOx占比增大。经改造后,加热炉NOx排放浓度低于200 mg/m3,满足现行法规要求;能够为燃气加热炉设计、运行及改造提供一定参考。     

300MW锅炉水平浓淡燃烧技术改造分析

本文阐述了燃煤锅炉多空气分级低NOx燃烧技术改造项目和特点,提出了对燃烧器浓淡燃烧改造、一次风管道、二次风系统和空预器系统等系统进行具体的低氮改造措施。分析了300MW燃煤锅炉低氮改造后的热经济性和安全性。经试验验证,锅炉低氮改造后,排放浓度标准降到了240 mg/m3。     

河南油田含油污泥焚烧和资源化利用

针对河南油田含油污泥的情况,采用沉淀、收油、固化、添加助燃剂等处理方法,利用河南油田现有的燃煤锅炉对其进行焚烧.使用该方法能以较低的成本对含油污泥进行资源化利用,降低燃煤锅炉成本,实现含油污泥的无害化处理,解决环境污染问题.燃烧烟气检测结果表明:与煤单独燃烧时相比,处理后的含油污泥与煤共同燃烧SO2的质量浓度从410mg/m3左右降为88mg/m3左右,氮氧化物的质量浓度从62.5410mg/m3左右下降为21.1410mg/m3左右,烟尘质量浓度从45mg/m3左右上升到126mg/m3左右,但都能满足环保要求.燃烧后固体废弃物的浸出液检测结果表明:COD、硫化物、石油类都达到国家二类排放标准.节约燃煤15%～17%.     

倒U型后拱生物质成型燃料链条锅炉的研制

针对生物质成型燃料燃烧特性及现有生物质锅炉炉膛温度高、排烟温度较高、热损失大等问题,通过优化设计和试验研制出适合生物质成型燃料燃烧的专用链条锅炉,锅炉为单锅筒纵置式布置,采用倒U型后拱炉膛结构及独特的二次风设计,锅筒内布置高效螺纹烟管.试验得出,锅炉的燃烧效率达94.88%,热效率达80.07%,锅炉排烟中CO、NOx、SO2、烟尘含量分别为395×10-6、147×10-6、52×10-6、28.9 mg/m3,表明锅炉的燃烧效率、热效率较高,锅炉消烟除尘性能较好,排烟中的烟尘、氮氧化物及SO2含量低,符合国家锅炉的污染物排放标准要求.     

燃烧调整对330MW锅炉NO_x排放的影响

对燃煤锅炉Nox生成机理的三种类型分析的基础上,结合1018t/h锅炉的热力试验数据进行逐项影响因素研究。得出锅炉在进行燃烧调整过程中二次风箱与炉膛压差、配风方式、氧量、磨煤机组合运行方式等因素对NOx排放量的影响情况。在不影响锅炉效率的情况下,对燃烧进行调整优化,从而来达到减少NOx排放的目的。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that