塔里木盆地塔东2井寒武系稠油分子化石与油源分析

综合运用同位素质谱、色谱、色谱-质谱技术手段研究了塔东2井寒武系稠油分子化石特征。结果表明，塔东2井寒武系稠油具高伽马蜡烷、高C28甾烷、低重排甾烷和高C27-三芳甾烷的特征，与寒武系-下奥陶统烃源岩的分子化石特征类似，说明塔东2井寒武系原油源自寒武系-下奥陶烃源岩；塔东2井稠油中检出高丰度的稠环化合物（荧蒽、芘、苯并[a]蒽、屈、苯并荧蒽、苯并芘），全油的碳同位素值明显偏重，揭示了原油烃类经热蚀变发生稠化。     

塔里木盆地塔东2井寒武系稠油分子化石与油源分析

综合运用同位素质谱、色谱、色谱-质谱技术手段研究了塔东2井寒武系稠油分子化石特征.结果表明,塔东2井寒武系稠油具高伽马蜡烷、高C28甾烷、低重排甾烷和高C27-三芳甾烷的特征,与寒武系-下奥陶统烃源岩的分子化石特征类似,说明塔东2井寒武系原油源自寒武系-下奥陶烃源岩;塔东2井稠油中检出高丰度的稠环化合物(荧蒽、芘、苯并[a]蒽、屈、苯并荧蒽、苯并芘),全油的碳同位素值明显偏重,揭示了原油烃类经热蚀变发生稠化.     

Identification of the Kukersite-type source rocks in the Ordovician Stratigraphy from the Tarim Basin, NW China

Due to the importance of the Gloeocapsomorpha Prisca （G. prisca）-enriched source rocks, which belong to Kukersite-type source rocks in the Lower Paleozoic Ordovician strata, it has received great attentions during the petroleum exploration as to whether there are the Kukersite-type source rocks developed in the major hydrocarbon source strata of the Upper and Middle Ordovician in the Tarim Basin. Using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrography to analyse kerogens from source rocks in the lime- mud mound with moderate maturity, study reveals that there are the Kukersite-type source rocks in the Ordovician strata of the Tarim Basin. The pyrolysis products showed a low content of 〉n-C19 normal alkanes with a significant odd-even predominance between n-C13 and n-Cl7, long-chain alky substituted alkylbenzene and alkylthiophene isomers and distinctive distribution of 5-N- alkyl-1, 3-Benzenediol and its homologous. Based on the geographic environment characteristics of G. Prisca, the molecular dis- tributions of crude oil from the Lower Paleozoic petroleum systems in the Tarim Basin and characteristics of kerogen pyrolysis products from the Middle and Upper Ordovician source rocks, the results suggested that it is less possible to develop the G. Pris- ca-enriched Kukersite-type source rocks in the major hydrocarbon source rocks in the Middle and Upper Ordovician strata in the Tarim Basin. However, the benthic macroalga and planktonic algae-enriched source rocks are the main contributors.     

塔西南地区早古生界台缘斜坡带特征及分布

综合地震、测井、岩心、露头等资料,提出寒武纪—早奥陶世时期塔里木西南部发育台地边缘斜坡带.该斜坡带沿坎地里克—叶城—胜和2井—玛参1井连线一带呈近东西向展布,整体表现为退积型台缘缓斜坡.在寒武纪—早奥陶世的不同时期,该斜坡带性质和分布位置略有变化,寒武纪为宽缓斜坡,早奥陶世为弱镶边缓斜坡,斜坡带具有向北部台地逐期缓慢迁移的特点.塔西南台缘坡折带的存在表明玛南—和田河地区台缘高能相带和塔西南深水陆棚相带存在的可能性,对该区的烃源岩和储层评价预测具有重要意义.     

塔里木盆地奥陶纪碳同位素波动特征与对比

在牙形石生物地层的基础上,利用塔里木盆地塔北隆起钻井全岩碳同位素数据,结合其他学者公布的碳同位素曲线,探讨了塔里木盆地奥陶纪碳同位素波动特征,并与世界其他地区进行对比。塔里木盆地奥陶纪特马豆克阶－达瑞威尔阶早期碳同位素波动较弱,缺乏可全球对比的波动标志。达瑞威尔阶中期和凯迪阶早期发育明显的碳同位素正漂移,分别对应于国际上的中达瑞威尔阶碳同位素正漂移（MDICE）和加顿伯格碳同位素正漂移（GICE）,能够进行全球对比。桑比阶早期牙形石 Pygodus anserinus 带内发育波动幅度达1.4‰的正漂移,其可能仅在部分地区分布,暂时命名为早桑比阶碳同位素正漂移（ESICE）。凯迪阶中后期碳同位素波动特征目前还不清楚,晚奥陶世赫南特阶碳同位素正漂移（HICE）在塔里木盆地也未见报道。MDICE 和 GICE 可作为塔里木盆地中上奥陶统的等时对比标志。     

A kind of coccoid dinoflagellates-like fossils gives a new explanation of source of dinosterane in the Early-Middle Cambrian

The coccoid fossils covered with thick gelatinous envelop containing several gametes are discovered in gyps and salt deposits of Cambrian, H₄ well and chert bed of the base of Yuertus Formation (∈¹₁) of Xiaoerbulake Section. The fossils are described and compared with coccoid dinoflagellates. These fossils may be a coccoid life-cycle stage (vegetative cyst) of coccoid dinoflagellates. If this identification is correct, the coccoid dinoflagellates-like fossils could give a reasonable explanation of the dinoflagellate-specific biomarkers from Cambrian, H₄ well, Tarim Basin.     

塔里木盆地孔雀河地区构造特征及演化

孔雀河地区位于塔里木盆地东北部,从前震旦纪至今,经历了多期的构造变动和复杂的演化历史,形成了现今北西西-近东西向、北北东-近南北向、北北西向和北东东向基本断裂体系,同时断裂活动表现为多期性和继承性的特点;发育断背斜、断鼻、背斜及断块等构造圈闭类型,其分布具有东西分区、纵向分层的特征.纵向上,就中生界、古生界而言,下古生界较中生界发育,上古生界不发育;横向上,明显受断层控制,并沿主控断层走向方向成排成带展布;利用平衡剖面法,并结合区域构造研究成果将该区构造演化划为五个阶段:被动陆缘裂陷阶段(Z-O1)、拉张至挤压环境转变阶段(O2-S)、北东和北西向构造发育阶段(D-P1)、古生代构造的再生长及近东西向褶皱形成阶段(J)、大面积的整体升降运动阶段(K-Q).     

Water Pricing Policy in Tarim Basin of China

1　Necessity for Study of WaterPricingChina ranks the thirteenth among the countrieswith serious watershortage problems in the world.The average water amount owned per person isonly 2 4 0 0 m3/ year,which is about 1 / 4of theworld average.But the problem is not only theshortage of water but also its uneven distributionbetween different time periods and regions inChina.Serious water shortage problems occur insome areas such as North China and NorthwestChina(including Hebei,Inner Mongolia,G…     

塔里木盆地志留-泥盆系沉积体系及勘探方向讨论

塔里木盆地志留-泥盆系油气藏的发现,展示了志留-泥盆系良好的勘探潜力.通过沉积相、储层、成藏因素的分析,认为志留系和泥盆系的沉积体系多样.志留-泥盆系均发育有较好的储层,但是在不同地区,储层的发育特征具有较大的差别.构造运动对油气的聚集起着重要的作用,但同时对已形成的油藏可能发生调整.主要的勘探方向应注意寻找保存条件较好的正常充注、破坏程度较弱的古油藏.     

Hydrocarbon accumulation in deep fluid modified carbonate rock in the Tarim Basin

The activities of deep fluid are regionalized in the Tarim Basin. By analyzing the REE in core samples and crude oil, carbon isotope of carbon dioxide and inclusion temperature measurement in the west of the Tazhong Uplift in the western Tarim Basin, all the evidence confirms the existence of deep fluid. The deep fluid below the basin floor moved up into the basin through discordogenic fault and volcanicity to cause corrosion and metasomatosis of carbonate rock by exchange of matter and energy. The pore structure and permeability of the carbonate reservoirs were improved, making the carbonate reservoirs an excellent type of deeply buried modification. The fluorite ore belts discovered along the large fault and the volcanic area in the west of the Tazhong Uplift are the outcome of deep fluid action. Such cap bonate reservoirs are the main type of reservoirs in the Tazhong 45 oilfield. The carbonate reservoirs in well YM 7 are improved obviously by thermal fluid dolomitization. The origin and territory of deep fluid are associated with the discordogenic fault and volcanicity in the basin. The discordogenic fault and volcanic area may be the pointer of looking for the deep fluid modified reservoirs. The primary chap acteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation in deep fluid reconstructed carbonate rock are summarized as accumulation near the large fault and volcano passage, late-period hydrocarbon accumulation after volcanic activity, and subtle trap reservoirs controlled by lithology.     

新疆塔里木盆地晚奥陶世—早石炭世地层划分对比研究新突破

首次系统应用化学－生物地层学对长期遗留的、严重阻碍了油气勘探开发步伐的塔里木盆地重大疑难地层问题：晚奥陶世－志留纪－泥盆纪－早石炭世地层划分对比和东河砂岩时代等进行了综合研究,厘定了几条重要的相关地层界线,并将东河砂岩的时代确定为泥盆纪晚泥盆世弗拉斯期。这些研究成果表明,化学－生物地层学对高分辨率地层划分对比、尤其是对在化石缺乏地区和层段进行地层划分对比工作有重要的意义和实用价值。     

于奇西地区岩溶圈闭落实技术研究

为了扩大塔河油田主体,在塔河外围建立一个新的建产阵地,对于奇西三维地震资料进行精细解释,应用振幅变化率技术、精细相干体技术、趋势面分析、模型正演等技术,深入研究该区储层发育模式,盖层条件及储盖组合,精确描述油气藏成藏机制。并通过分析塔河主体已发现岩溶圈闭的测井、地震资料的地球物理响应,总结发现地震串珠状反射、岩溶残丘高为油气成藏有利区带。据此,在塔河于奇西地区识别描述了三级圈闭18个,合计面积298.3km2。     

塔中西北部奥陶系异常压力成因及地质意义

塔中西北部地区奥陶系地层中存在异常压力,研究认为该异常压力的形成主要与油气聚集增压机理有关,其次为构造增压和流体热膨胀增压机理,火成岩侵入也是一种辅助的增压机理.异常压力的存在可以表征良好的储层和盖层的封盖能力,也与油气藏的分布有一定的关系,异常压力层的发育层位往往指示一定丰度的油气层,而油气层并不一定都是异常压力层.     

塔里木盆地东河塘组砂岩储层发育的影响因素

东河塘组为塔里木盆地重要的勘探层位之一.东河塘组是在海侵的背景下沉积的一套滨岸砂体,岩性特征表现为石英砂岩、岩屑石英砂岩和长石石英砂岩,储集空间类型主要为粒间孔隙,次生孔隙仅占次要部分.通过对东河砂岩储层的受控因素分析,认为东河砂岩储层的发育主要受控因素为沉积环境.     

塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油气成藏特征

塔里木盆地塔河油田碳酸盐岩储层主要发育于奥陶系,油气储量丰富,对其油气藏的研究表明,奥陶系碳酸盐岩的主要油源区为南东方向的满加尔寒武—奥陶系生油坳陷,其生成的多期次油气通过断裂、储层、不整合面持续向北部凸起之上的奥陶系储层运移聚集.同时多期次的运聚与成藏造成了油气在平面上分布具有北东密度大、南西密度小的特点.塔河油田碳酸盐岩孔、洞、缝3种储集空间组合构成裂缝型、孔洞-裂缝型、裂缝-孔洞型和生物礁(滩)相孔隙型储层,为油气聚集提供了良好的储集空间.海西期的构造活动使得裂缝发育,同时为岩溶发育提供通道,并进一步改善了早期缝洞的连通性.石炭系卡拉沙依组及巴楚组泥岩作为良好的区域盖层为油气保存提供了必要条件.     

塔里木盆地亚格列木组储层特征及控制因素

塔里木盆地雅克拉地区白垩系亚榕列木组是一套以岩屑长石砂岩、长石岩屑砂岩为主的地层.通过对亚格列木组储层薄片观察及物性资料分析发现,储集空间主要为扩大粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、原生粒间孔,储层类型为低孔中渗储层.亚格列木组储层均表现为强的层内、层间及平面非均质性.储层发育受沉积微相、成岩作用和黏土杂基的影响,沉积微相是储层形成...     

塔里木盆地草湖地区油气成藏特征

通过对草湖地区构造、地层及成藏条件的研究认为,保存条件、圈源匹配关系、继承性的古隆起和古斜坡是该区油气成藏的三大主控因素.草湖地区油藏形成于海西期,天然气气藏形成于燕山末—喜山期,以垂向断裂和裂缝,以及横向不整合面和疏导砂体为运移通道.区内西斜坡储层直接与烃源岩接触,断层不发育,油气通过横向储层及少量垂向断层为运移通道向高部位地层、岩性圈闭中聚集,中下奥陶统、东河砂岩和三叠系均有油气成藏过程.凹陷的中心区域存在奥陶系上统泥岩和石炭系泥岩隔层,缺少风化壳型储层,但具备形成裂缝-孔隙性储层的条件.草湖地区东部中下奥陶统长期抬升,发育通天断层,生油高峰期仍处于暴露状态,无法成藏,生气高峰时缺乏有效的封盖层,难以形成规模性油气的聚集.     

塔里木盆地克深前陆冲断带储层岩石力学参数研究

综合采用岩石单轴压缩试验、三轴压缩试验及测井资料计算,对塔里木盆地克深前陆冲断带单井的岩石力学参数进行分析,通过单轴-三轴校正及动态-静态校正,确定静态岩石力学参数的单井剖面,利用高斯插值对岩石力学参数空间分布特征进行研究,并分析岩石力学参数与地层深度的关系。结果表明:岩石力学参数的空间分布主要与岩相有关,并在一定程度上反映了储层物性特征,弹性模量、内聚力和抗压强度大而泊松比小的区域储层物性相对更好;随着地层深度的增加,弹性模量、内聚力和抗压强度逐渐增加而泊松比逐渐下降;利用岩石力学参数与地层深度的关系以及断层带岩石力学参数的经验比例,可以对不同地质单元的岩石力学参数进行取值,为后续的地应力场及储层裂缝数值模拟奠定基础。