掺杂的PZT95/5陶瓷粉体性能

掺杂对PZT95/5压电陶瓷粉体的性能有较大影响.采用溶胶-凝胶法制备PZT95/5粉体,选择不同掺杂物进行改性,研究其对粉体的粒度均匀性、分散性、合成纯度等性能影响.结果表明,不同掺杂物在一定程度上都可提高溶胶的分散性;掺杂Nb5+以可溶性铌盐(C10H8N2O33Nb2)液相引入时,合成粉体的分散效果和合成纯度都要比以固相Nb2O5粉体引入时好;中性掺杂物SiO2具有降低合成温度和抑制烧绿石相形成的作用,且合成粉体的粒度均匀、分散性好.     

射频磁控溅镀掺杂铜对钛酸锌薄膜中相变化及微结构的影响

探讨了ZnTiO3薄膜掺杂Cu元素对于薄膜性质、相变化与微结构之影响.实验是在一定温度下以射频磁控溅镀系统将铜沉积于ZnTiO3陶瓷靶上,控制沉积于ZnTiO3陶瓷靶上铜含量之后,再沉积掺杂铜的钛酸锌薄膜于SiO2/Si基板上.成长出来的薄膜经由ESCA分析得知铜的质量分数分别为0.84%、2.33%和2.84%.从XRD分析常温下掺杂Cu的ZnTiO3薄膜为非晶质态,经过600℃退火后,ZnTiO3薄膜则由非晶质态转变成Zn2Ti3O8结晶相,而未掺杂铜的ZnTiO3薄膜在600℃退火时并没有结晶相产生.ZnTiO3薄膜经过900℃退火后,Zn2Ti3O8相分解成Zn2TiO4相和TiO2相,且ZnTiO3晶格常数因为Cu离子置换至Zn离子的位置有变小的趋势.由TEM分析证实Cu离子与Zn离子的置换,导致晶格应变产生双晶缺陷.经由XRD、SEM和TEM分析得知掺杂太多的铜会抑制TiO2相的生成,而随着过多的Cu析出,晶体平均晶粒慢慢变小晶格应变也随之降低,以致晶格常数回复往原来晶格常数方向趋近.     

织构化Mg掺杂磷灰石型硅酸镧电解质制备、结构及O~(2-)导电性能

以La2O3和SiO2为原料,首先利用固相法合成La2Si2O7和La2SiO5粉体,然后采用共压法成型得到La2Si2O7(含MgO、La2O3)/La2SiO5/La2Si2O7(含MgO、La2O3)三明治结构,进而在高温下通过互扩散反应制备织构化Mg掺杂硅酸镧电解质(La9.33Si5.8Mg0.2O25.8)。以X线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、能量色散X线谱(EDS)、交流阻抗等测试与表征手段研究合成粉体物相和Mg掺杂硅酸镧电解质的微结构及其O2-导电性能。结果表明:通过高温互扩散和固相反应过程,可制得单相织构化Mg掺杂硅酸镧电解质,其晶粒c轴沿样品厚度方向织构化程度达70%。同时,XRD、拉曼光谱和EDS能谱分析表明:掺杂Mg主要占据结构中Si位;织构化的Mg掺杂硅酸镧电解质在750℃下电导率达3.81×10-3S/cm、活化能为0.71 eV。     

ZnO半导体粉体制备工艺与电阻率的关系

采用固相合成法制备了氧化铝掺杂的氧化锌半导体粉体,通过X-射线衍射分析,探讨了掺杂量、煅烧温度和保温时间对粉体导电性能的影响.实验发现:Al2O3的掺杂量高于0.5%(摩尔比)时,会生成ZnAl2O4尖晶石相,降低ZnO的电导率;在一定的温度和保温时间下,才能保证有足够的Al3 进入ZnO的晶格,从而获得电阻率比较低的ZnO半导体粉体;温度过高和保温时间过长都会导致Al2O3与ZnO反应生成尖晶石,减少Al3 对Zn2 的置换率,并对电子产生散射,从而导致ZnO半导体粉体的电阻率升高;当Al2O3掺杂量为ZnO的0.5%(摩尔比)时,在1300℃下保温3h所得到的ZnO粉体的电阻率为18kΩ.cm.     

La掺杂BaTiO3陶瓷的制备与性质(Ⅰ)--非均匀形核表面淀积包覆法

以La(NO3)3为La源,采用非均匀形核淀积法在水热法合成的BaTiO3粉体表面包覆La(OH)3．根据溶度积理论计算非均匀形核淀积包覆工艺的pH值,并通过控制溶液的pH值,获得化学计量配比(Ba1-3x/2／Lax)TiO3的La表面包覆BaTiO3粉体和陶瓷．文中讨论了La包覆量对已包覆了SiO3的BaTiO3粉体的烧结特性、相结构、陶瓷电阻率、介电系数-温度特性的影响．实验结果表明：采用非均匀形核淀积包覆方法,容易获得均相、化学计量比的La改性BaTiO3陶瓷;随着La2O3掺杂量的增加,BaTiO3陶瓷的居里温度向低温方向移动,居里温度与La2O3掺杂量之间呈线性关系;而使BaTiO3陶瓷半导化所需要的La的掺杂量较采用氧化物固相反应法的高。     

双稀土掺杂BCST陶瓷的研制及其性能结构的研究

采用溶胶—凝胶法合成了BCST（Ba0.62 Ca0.08 Sr0.3 TiO3）粉体,再经过二次固相掺杂稀土Pr6O11和Nd2O3获得BCST∶0.001Pr6 O11.xNd2 O3系列纳米粉体及陶瓷;采用XRD和SEM,等对粉体的相组成和陶瓷的微观形貌进行了表征,并用介电频谱仪测试了陶瓷的介电性能.结果表明：所得BCST∶0.001Pr6O11.0.002Nd2O3粉体主要为四方相纳米粉体;随着稀土Nd2O3掺杂量的增加,所获得的陶瓷的晶粒先逐渐变小随后又逐渐增大;当钕的掺杂量x=0.002时,所获得陶瓷的室温介电常数最高,而介电损失最小;各试样的介电常数随烧结温度的升高增大,在1 330℃,1 360℃和1 400℃温度下烧结所获得的S1-陶瓷,介电常数的峰值εmax分别为10 360、12 490、13 750;其居里温度显著降低（10℃）,介温曲线呈单峰,介电常数随温度的变化敏感而对称,有望在温度敏感陶瓷方面发现其应用.     

掺杂氧化物对ZrO_2相结构稳定性及烧结性能的影响

采用共沉淀-凝胶方法,通过低温煅烧和中温烧结,分别制备了Y2O3、Al2O3掺杂的ZrO2粉体和陶瓷;利用X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜和透射电镜等手段,对掺杂不同氧化物ZrO2相结构的稳定性及烧结性能进行了研究.结果表明:在ZrO2中掺杂摩尔分数5%的Y2O3或者Al2O3,870℃焙烧15min的粉体前者为立方相,后者为四方相;它们的粉体成型后经1400℃烧结4h,前者在室温下仍能保持立方相,后者却得到的是单斜相;在焙烧粉末中,Al3+固溶到ZrO2的晶格中,对ZrO2四方相晶格起到稳定作用,而在其陶瓷中,Al3+从ZrO2的晶格中扩散到晶界,对ZrO2不起稳定作用,只起促进烧结和细化晶粒的作用.     

熔盐法合成钽酸锌粉体

以Ta2O5和Zn(NO3)2·6H2O为原料,KCl-ZnCl2为熔盐,采用熔盐法在700°C保温3 h合成了钽酸锌陶瓷粉体.粉体的晶相组成、形貌分析和化学组成通过XRD, SEM和EDS来表征.研究了不同反应条件,包括温度和熔盐体系中KCl/ZnCl2的摩尔比对产物粉体的晶相和形貌影响.结论显示当KCl/ZnCl2的摩尔比低于0.1:1时,在700°C保温3 h为制备钽酸锌的最优工艺条件.     

棒状Sr0.4 Ba0.6 Nb2O6 陶瓷粉体的合成

以K2SO4为熔盐采用熔盐法合成了棒状的Sr0.4Ba0.6Nb2O6粉体,并与用KCl-NaCl为熔盐合成的Sr0.4Ba0.6Nb2O6粉体做了对比,讨论了合成温度和熔盐种类对粉体晶粒形貌和尺寸大小的影响.结果表明:合成温度为1 300℃,以K2SO4为熔盐,采用熔盐法可以合成较好晶形的Sr0.4Ba0.6Nb2O6粉体.     

Dy3+掺杂对BaFe12O19的微波电磁特性的影响

采用固相法合成了稀土Dy3+掺杂六角铁氧体Ba1-xDyxFe12O19(x=0、0.04、0.06、0.08、0.10).采用X线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和网络分析仪对粉体的相组成、形貌和电磁特性进行表征.结果表明:当x≤0.08时,制得的粉体为单一的六角M型铁氧体;试样的颗粒粒径随着掺杂量的增加有所降低;在2 ～ 18 GHz频率范围内,当Dy3+掺杂量x＜0.08时,试样ε′、ε″、μ′μ″和tanδ的数值随着掺杂量的增加均有所变大,并且利用微波电磁理论分析了磁导率和介电常数的变化机制.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with