车轮扁疤伤损对高速列车轮对动力学性能影响

车轮扁疤是铁道车辆车轮踏面的缺陷形式之一,对轮轨动力和运用安全有明显的影响.本文建立了弹性车辆系统动力学模型,且将车轮扁疤伤损考虑为车轮轮径变化.利用数值仿真,研究了车轮扁疤伤损对高速列车轮轨冲击力、轮对振动及轮轨接触性能等的影响,并结合列车运行安全性指标得到了不同速度等级下车轮扁疤长度安全限值.结果表明,弹性车辆系统模型可以准确体现轮对旋转运动特征.车轮扁疤伤损对轮轨系统垂向和横向均产生冲击作用,对轮轨系统垂向冲击作用尤为明显,将显著增大轮对旋转振动频率及其倍频对应的振动能量,且会激起轮对中高频弹性共振.车轮出现40mm扁疤时,随着车轮旋转运动,轮轨接触点向轮背侧出现周期性横移,轮轨接触斑面积最大可达142mm2,轮轨纵向和横向蠕滑率分别增大4%和16%.轮轨力、轮对振动加速度及轮轨磨耗指数均会随车轮扁疤长度的增加而增大.当列车运行速度在300km/h及以下时,车轮扁疤长度需限制在30mm;当列车运行速度达到350km/h时,车轮扁疤长度需限定在25mm.     

基于小波变换的火车车轮扁疤信号能量分析

火车车轮扁疤是火车行车事故的重大隐患之一，了解扁疤信号的能量分布情况对正确检测车轮扁疤有重要的意义．针对车轮扁疤信号具有持续时间短、突变快等特点，提出了一种运用小波变换的多分辨率分析和小波能量谱对扁疤信号进行分析的方法，通过比较扁疤信号在不同尺度下的能量密度，找出能量与各频段之间的对应关系，得出了扁疤信号的能量主要集中在2500Hz以下的频带范围内，在实际的车轮扁疤检测算法中只需分析频带范围为2500Hz以下的扁疤信号即可，通过实验验证了该能量分析方法的有效性．     

S变换的火车车轮扁疤信号检测

为准确、快速检测车轮扁疤以保障列车行车安全,针对振动加速度传感器采集的车轮扁疤信号持续时间短、突变快的特点,采用短时能量判决和S变换时频分析方法相结合的算法对含有扁疤的振动信号进行检测定位。对典型扁疤信号进行频谱分析发现扁疤信号主要集中在2500Hz以下的频带范围内。通过对低通滤波后的振动信号进行短时能量判决筛选出扁疤可能存在的数据段,经S变换后,信号的突变特性表现明显,可以确定扁疤的起振时间。MATLAB仿真证明：该算法能够准确地对扁疤信号进行检测定位,并较其他方法步骤更简洁、定位更准确。     

车轮扁疤引起的车轴附加载荷的仿真研究

采用改进的轮轨冲击简化模型,对车轮扁疤引起的车轴附加载荷进行了系统的仿真研究,并对提速后货车车轮扁疤检修规范的修订提出了建议．     

轮轨扁疤数据采集和处理系统的设计

针对当前铁路系统对轮轨扁疤检测设备的安全性、高效性、智能性提出的要求，提出了一种新的基于高速浮点DSP芯片TMS320c6xxx、多路并行AD转换芯片ADSxxxx、复杂可编程逻辑器件EMP7xxx和双口RAM芯片IDT7xxxx的轮轨扁疤数据采集与处理系统，并详细说明了系统的设计与实现方法，以及系统与上位系统的通信方式和电路板的抗干扰性设计．最后对系统性能进行了测试分析，结果表明，系统能够满足当前铁路系统对轮轨扁疤检测设备的要求．     

基于小波能量谱的轨道表面凹陷检测

为了弥补现有轨道表面凹陷检测不及时、检测成本高等缺陷,提出一种基于小波能量谱的轨道表面凹陷检测方法。首先,在运营车辆上加装轴箱振动传感器,获取轴箱垂向和横向振动信号;其次对振动信号进行滤波处理,降低车轮扁疤等外界因素对检测精度的影响;然后对滤波后的信号进行小波尺度分析,并定位信号的故障特征频率范围;最后,依据故障特征频率范围计算信号的小波能量谱,根据其最大值是否超出阈值检测轨道表面凹陷情况。仿真结果验证了本方法在轨道表面凹陷检测中具有良好的应用效果。     

电力设备基于小波神经网络故障检测方法的仿真研究

提出了一种基于小波神经网络非线性观测器的故障检测方法。它是将规范正交的小波函数作为基函数网络中的基函数,得到小波神经网络。通过小波的去噪和神经网络的自学习功能,获取系统输入输出的非线性动力学特性,进而实时计算出残差并进行逻辑判决,可提高故障检测的速度和准确率。对同步交流电机的结构损伤故障进行了仿真,结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

基于格林函数的轮轨缺陷对轮轨垂向动态相互作用的研究

在轮轨垂向耦合振动模型中,把钢轨考虑成离散支撑的连续的铁木辛科梁,用一系悬挂和二系悬挂把在钢轨上滚动的车轮、1/4构架质量块和1/8车体质量块连接起来作为简化的车辆模型。为了高效精确地研究不同车轮和钢轨缺陷对轮轨垂向动态相互作用的影响,对钢轨在移动载荷作用下的运动方程进行拉普拉斯变换,用格林函数法求解其在频域上的响应解,再通过反傅里叶变换求得钢轨在时域内的振动响应。考虑不同工况下车轮的扁疤、多边形化缺陷和钢轨的波磨缺陷,用非线性赫兹接触理论和数值迭代方法计算轮轨垂向冲击力。结果表明:应用格林函数法可以高效准确地求解轮轨垂向动态响应,为在高频范围内研究轮轨作用提供了理论基础。     

遗传小波神经网络在模拟电路故障诊断中的应用

提出一种基于遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm, GA)、小波变换及神经网络(NN)的模拟电路故障诊断方法.该方法将小波基作为神经网络的传递函数,利用遗传算法优化神经网络的结构和权值,从而避免了BP神经网络结构设计的盲目性和局部最优等问题,大大减少了网络训练时间.利用该方法对模拟电路进行故障诊断有利于提高诊断的智能性及识别故障类别的能力,提高诊断的精度与速度.实例诊断结果表明文中所提方法是可行的.     

双目视觉车轮姿态提取的位移检测方法

机车车轮三维场景重建需要进行多个特征点匹配,为了避免匹配中存在的运算量大及算法复杂等缺点,采用两个光轴正交的相机来采集车轮图像信息。由两相机所在坐标的对应关系恢复出车轮两个端面中心的空间坐标信息,由车轮轴线空间位置间接得到轮轨接触场景,利用当前时刻车轮中心轴线坐标与初始时刻比较,计算车轮相对轨道的横移量、垂移量、摇头角位移量。实验结果表明,该方法实现了列车轮轨位移的非接触检测,并避免复杂的车轮的三维"面"重建,检测效果准确,系统运行时间约500 ms,综合误差0.12,能够满足检测要求,该方法为后续进一步开展监测列车运行的状态以完善列车运行的安全性机理奠定了基础。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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