海上湿空气翼型气动性能分析

为显示湿空气条件下的翼型特性及提供可选择的求解方法,采用计算流体力学方法研究湿空气条件下翼型周围流场及气动特性。将湿空气看作干空气和小液滴的混合气体,使用两相离散模型求解Re=2×106和Re=3×106下不可压缩空气流场翼型特性。对比了两种攻角下不同湿度空气和干空气的升阻力系数,结果显示湿空气对翼型气动性能有影响。湿空气升力系数较干空气要小,阻力系数较干空气大。升力系数随湿度增大减小,阻力系数随湿度增大而增大。通过流场及边界层流动分析发现,湿气促使流动提前分离。     

基于XFlow的仿生扑翼飞行器机翼气动特性分析

通过空间曲柄摇杆结构产生的急回特性来实现仿生飞行器扑翼运动.为了探究仿生扑翼飞行器的气动特性的影响因素,采用玻尔兹曼模型的粒子跟踪方法模拟扑动过程中气动特性,基于计算流体力学仿真软件XFlow对不同翼型、翼展、翼平面形状进行仿真分析并探究对升力和推力的影响.结果表明:翼型弯度和翼展的增大能够增加扑翼飞行器的升力系数,推力系数随着弯度的增大而变小;通过综合分析得到翼展长度在2.5倍弦长时,气动特性最佳;不同翼面形状的机翼具有不同的气动性能,相对于机翼后缘几何形状,前缘对气动特性的影响较大.研究结果为扑翼飞行器机翼的系统设计提供了有益的指导.     

温度边界条件对微喷管性能的影响

采用滑移边界条件的连续介质模型对喷管的二维流场进行数值模拟,分析了不同进口温度及壁面换热条件对喷管性能的影响．研究结果表明随着进口温度的增加,推力、推力效率以及比冲效率减小,而比冲不断增大,喷管的最优扩张角也随进口温度升高稍微增大;在给定进口压力和温度下,绝热壁面的推力效率最小,壁面温度越低,推力效率越大．     

非正弦俯仰运动对扑翼自主推进的影响

采用数值仿真耦合求解流体动力方程与扑翼运动方程,建立扑翼-流体耦合的自主推进计算模型,数值模拟了非正弦俯仰运动下扑翼在前进方向及侧向的自主推进,研究在静水中不同运动波形及俯仰频率对自主推进速度、自主推进效率及流场结构的影响.结果表明:非正弦波形调节参数K和俯仰频率对自主推进前进速度、前进距离影响很大,提高K或频率,可增...     

平流层飞艇对转螺旋桨推进性能研究

为研究平流层飞艇对转螺旋桨安装参数对推进性能的影响,探寻其效率提升的内因,使用混合网格技术进行计算域离散,采用基于RANS方程和SST湍流模型的求解器,建立了多重参考系模型,通过与由片条理论和遗传算法优化所得结果对比,验证了数值方法的准确性.对以Clark Y翼型设计的对转螺旋桨推进性能进行了研究,分析了在不同前进比J和不同螺旋桨间距L情况下,对转螺旋桨推力系数、扭矩系数和效率的变化.结果表明,在产生相同推力的情况下,对转螺旋桨效率较单桨提高13.3%,综合扭矩仅为单桨的4.8%;随着L的增大,推力系数和扭矩系数均有所上升,当J=0.5时,效率最高;绝大多数情况下,综合扭矩低于9 N·m,对转螺旋桨前、后桨的推力比期望值为1.29.     

内外涵波瓣宽度比对波瓣强迫混合排气系统性能影响

建立了不同内外涵波瓣宽度比的某涡扇发动机波瓣混合排气系统的几何模型和数值计算模型,并对其进行三维数值模拟研究,得到了在波瓣强迫混合排气中不同内外涵波瓣宽度比对波瓣混合器流场、热混合效率,总压恢复系数和推力系数的影响规律。结果表明：在混合器出口处,当内外涵波瓣宽度比在0.272至1.068范围内变化时,热混合效率随内外涵波瓣宽度比的增加而增加,总压恢复系数随内外涵波瓣宽度比的增大而减少,推理系数随内外涵波瓣宽度比的增加而增加。     

基于LES方法仿生翼型气动特性数值模拟

采用大涡模拟方法,研究在翼型不同位置添加脊状结构对翼型流场及气动性能的影响,讨论了添加脊状结构后翼型流场的流动特性和涡结构特性。研究发现：1)在α=6°攻角条件下,无论riblet-Q翼型模型或riblet-H翼型模型均可改善边界层分离情况,但riblet- H翼型模型表现出更好的控制效果。2）后段布置脊状结构能够有效推迟翼型边界层分离点,抑制边界层大涡形成,控制分离涡的发展和脱落。3）riblet-H翼型模型使翼型的升力系数增大,同时也使其阻力系数降低,升阻比较原翼型有了较大提高。     

仿鱼脊翼型垂直轴风力机三维性能

为了提升阻力型垂直轴风力机的风能转换效率,在已提出的仿鱼脊翼型风力机结构基础上,利用非定常流体力学瞬态数值模拟分析方法,基于滑移网格法和剪切应力输运(SST)k-ω湍流模型,进行风力机典型结构参数对风能转换效率影响的三维性能分析,获得了风力机气动性能曲线。分析结果表明:随螺旋角的增加,效率系数降低的趋势明显;随高径比的增加,该风力机的效率系数呈现递增趋势,高径比为3.5的风力机峰值效率系数相对于高径比为1.0的风力机峰值效率系数提升了36.5%。风力机高径比和螺旋角参数导致风力机的压力场产生了不同程度变化,从而影响了风力机的气动性能。     

三维拍动翼推进效率的计算方法

针对国内外学者对拍动翼的研究多集中在水动力性能分析与流场模拟方面,而对其推进效率的计算方法尚无科学严谨论述的现状,提出一种计算拍动翼推进效率的方法.采用基于速度势的面元法计算了三维拍动翼的平均推力系数,通过与Fluent数值模拟计算值及相关实验结果的对比,证明了面元法程序在计算中的有效性.在此基础上,结合理论力学和分析力学的基本理论,推导拍动翼推进效率的计算公式,应用面元法实现其推进效率的数值计算.推进效率计算值与实验结果的比较表明,所提出方法适用于三维拍动翼推进效率的计算.并分析了转动幅度和频率对平均推力系数和推进效率的影响.     

气体离心机单纯轴向流型下的基本全分离系数

通过推导并求解双组分同位素单位摩尔质量差任意丰度的气体离心机平均径向法丰度方程,得到任意丰度下基本全分离系数的表示式。假设流场为单纯轴向流型,求解出流场解析解,该解适合任意量纲一参量A2值。算例给出了任意A2值下的单纯轴向流型流场的一些流动特性,如速度、轴向质量通量及流型效率的分布。并在此流场模型下讨论了一些参量对基本全分离系数γ0的影响,γ0随供料量F增加而减小,随气体密度和扩散系数的乘积的增加而增大,在A2为5～6时存在最大值。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-