基于非达西渗流的砂井地基固结解

采用考虑起始水力梯度的非达西渗流模型,修正了砂井地基固结理论.建立了相应的控制方程,并对其求解,给出了便于应用的显式解答,在此基础上研究了考虑起始水力梯度时砂井地基的固结性状.结果表明,由于起始水力梯度的存在,应力固结度最终将稳定在一个小于100%的数值上,最终的固结度随着起始水力梯度增大而减小.初始孔压也会对固结性状产生影响,初始孔压越大,孔压消散越充分,最终达到的应力固结度越大.但是初始孔压增大到一定值之后,最终固结度对其灵敏度降低.     

非Darcy渗流时饱和粘土的一维固结特性

采用考虑起始水力梯度的非Darcy渗流方程,修正了Terzaghi饱和粘土一维固结理论,并对初始孔压沿深度线性分布的情况用有限体积法进行了求解.计算结果表明,考虑渗流起始水力梯度时,地基的固结速度要慢于Terzaghi固结理论值,而且除固结系数外,渗流起始水力梯度、土层厚度以及初始孔压的大小和分布也都对地基的固结有显著影响.另外还证实,当主固结完成时,地基中存在一定的残余孔隙水压力无法完全消散,因此地基的最终固结度总小于1.     

考虑起始比降和井阻作用的竖井地基固结近似解

在传统竖井地基固结理论的基础上,考虑起始比降对土体内渗流的影响,建立新的固结计算模型,并推导既可考虑起始比降也能考虑井阻作用的竖井地基中渗流移动边界与时间的关系表达式及孔压和固结度的近似解析表达式。通过对比计算,分析起始比降对竖井地基固结性状的影响及竖井地基的孔压分布情况。研究结果表明:在存在起始比降的竖井地基中,渗流是沿径向和竖向发展,深度越大,孔压消散越慢,而在一定深度以下的土体将不会发生渗流和固结。因为起始比降的影响,土体中孔压不会完全消散,存在残余孔压;按孔压定义的固结度一直小于100%。最终固结度除与荷载有关,还与起始比降有关。     

基于非牛顿指数描述的饱和黏土一维非线性固结分析

在考虑半对数应力应变关系的基础上,引入非牛顿指数描述的非达西渗流模型,建立一维固结方程,采用有限差分法求其数值解,并与Terzaghi解答和Davis解答对比验证数值方法的有效性.据此,分析土体应力应变非线性和渗流的非达西特性对饱和粘土一维固结的影响.结果表明,非牛顿指数i0越大,土层厚度与地基平均竖向总应力的等效水头的比值越大,固结速率越低;地面荷载越大,孔压消散速率和地基沉降速率都越快,按沉降定义的固结度要略大于按孔压定义的固结度;压缩指数与渗透指数的比值越大,固结速率越慢;初始有效应力越大,固结速率越快.     

考虑起始水力梯度时双层地基的一维固结

文章针对双层饱和粘土地基,建立了考虑起始水力梯度的一维固结方程,并用有限差分法求解。计算结果表明,只要起始水力梯度大于零,地基的固结速率就慢于Terzaghi固结理论,而且当主固结完成时,土层中存在一定的残余孔隙水压力无法完全消散,因而土层的最终平均固结度小于1;另外,固结系数并不是决定双层地基固结特性的惟一土性指标,除渗透系数及压缩模量外,渗流起始水力梯度和地面荷载也都对双层地基的固结有重要影响。     

初始孔压非均布的饱和土一维热固结解析解

基于热弹性力学和饱和土固结理论,通过热固结方程的建立和求解,研究了初始孔压非均布时的饱和土一维热固结问题.利用有限Fourier变换及其逆变换,得到土层内部超静孔压、温度增量的解析解,并依此求出地基沉降、平均固结度的表达式.根据所得解编制计算程序,分析了饱和土的一维热固结性状,并与不考虑温度影响的传统固结解进行比较.结果表明,超静孔压随时间延长最终消散为零,但在热固结过程中可能会产生负孔压;地基沉降受温度升高的影响小于传统固结解;平均固结度按沉降定义和按孔压定义是不同的,其变化规律与传统的固结理论有较大差别.     

附加应力沿深度变化的砂井地基固结分析

基于等应变固结的假设,考虑附加应力沿地基深度的变化以及涂抹效应和井阻的影响,导出砂井地基固结偏微分方程,求得孔隙水压力和平均固结度的解析解.在随时间变化的预压荷载作用下,对把初始孔隙水压力和附加应力简化为沿深度梯形分布的固结性状进行比较.结果表明,对于深厚砂井地基,附加应力和初始孔隙水压力分布对固结过程具有明显影响,若按均匀分布计算,所得的平均固结度偏小.     

附加应力沿深度变化的砂井地基固结分析

基于等应变固结的假设,考虑附加应力沿地基深度的变化以及涂抹效应和井阻的影响,导出砂井地基固结偏微分方程,求得孔隙水压力和平均固结度的解析解.在随时间变化的预压荷载作用下,对把初始孔隙水压力和附加应力简化为沿深度梯形分布的固结性状进行比较.结果表明,对于深厚砂井地基,附加应力和初始孔隙水压力分布对固结过程具有明显影响,若按均匀分布计算,所得的平均固结度偏小.     

基于双对数压缩模型的真空预压非线性固结解

考虑真空荷载实际边界条件,引入对土体压缩曲线线性化的双对数坐标,建立了真空预压砂井地基非线性固结近似解答;利用模型试验结果验证了解答的可靠性,并分析了真空度衰减和土性参数对固结性状的影响.研究结果表明,考虑了真空荷载衰减及双对数坐标的解答计算得到的土体沉降、超静孔压与实测值最为接近.对于超固结土而言,基于变形计算的固结度随着压缩指数与渗透指数比值的增大而减小,随着真空荷载衰减系数的减小而减小;当压缩指数与渗透指数比值大于1时,正常固结状态中基于孔压计算的固结度随真空荷载衰减系数的减小而增大.随着压缩指数与回弹指数比值的增大,地基超静孔压消散速率也随之增加,沉降速率在超固结状态时随之减缓,在正常固结状态时则随之加快,土体由超固结状态进入正常固结状态的时间随之变长.     

直排式真空预压法下竖井地基的非线性固结解析解

针对现有直排式真空预压法固结解未同时考虑土体非线性和逐渐加载这2个因素的不足,基于竖井内的真空负压沿深度方向呈线性分布的假设,同时考虑堆载引起的附加应力随时间的变化,采用非线性渗透和压缩模型,推导直排式真空预压法下竖井地基固结的通用解。在通用解的基础上,针对瞬间加载、线性加载和多级线性加载这3种特殊加载模式给出详解。研究结果表明:土体的渗透指数与压缩指数之比(c_c/c_k)、最终有效应力与初始有效应力之比以及堆载随时间的变化会对直排式真空预压法下的竖井地基固结度产生较大影响;当c_c/c_k1.0时,最终有效应力与初始有效应力之比越大,固结速率越快;当c_c/c_k1.0时,最终有效应力与初始有效应力之比越大,固结速率越慢;线性加载和分级线性加载可有效降低土体中的最大超静孔压;土体中的最终超静孔压为负压,在数值上与竖井内的真空负压相等。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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