测定凝结表面温度的热电阻法

本文介绍了一种新的测量换热表面温度的方法一热电阻法。本方法可以比较简便、迅速、准确地测定导电传热管表面的平均温度。作为实例,我们应用热电阻法造行了凝结表面换热的实验研究,并将由测量温度求得的换热系数与有关经验公式的结果进行了比较。     

应用萘升华法实测建筑外表面对流换热

建筑外表面对流换热系数（CHTC）是建筑节能和城市环境中的重要参数．提出利用萘升华热质比拟技术来研究建筑外表面对流换热系数的方法,并以单栋建筑水平外表面为研究对象进行了实测通过与涡旋相关法的实验结果进行比较,发现两种方法的结果趋势一致茶表面温度波动和不同传热温差对实测结果影响不大．同时,本文中还对萘升华法的精度进行了分析最后,利用实测数据得到建筑外表面对流换热系数预测式．分析和比较结果表明,萘升华是一种测量建筑外表面对流换热系数的有效方法．     

基于改进集中热容法的Mg-Gd-Y-Zr-Ag变形镁合金表面换热系数求解方法

表面换热系数作为淬火数值模拟过程的重要边界条件,其求解精度直接影响温度场、热应力场的演变规律。实验通过设计矩形淬火探头并进行单面水浴淬火,根据热电偶记录的温降数据,采用改进的集中热容法对Mg-Gd-Y-Zr-Ag变形镁合金进行表面换热系数的求解。研究结果表明：表面换热系数呈现先增大后减小的趋势且水浴淬火过程存在蒸汽膜沸腾阶段、二次形核阶段以及对流换热阶段3个阶段,在第27秒时表面换热系数达到峰值2 496.31 W/(m2·℃),此时淬火面温度为211℃。用此方法计算得到的随温度变化的换热系数以列表的形式代入Abaqus有限元模型的相互作用模块,同一深度处仿真温度与实测温度最大相对误差为15%,平均相对误差仅为6%;采用K-S双样本分布检验对仿真与实验的温度曲线进行分布检验,在合适的显著性水平下4个样本的统计量均不在拒绝域内,验证了改进的集中热容法用来求解水浴淬火过程中表面换热系数的正确性。     

横管表面自然对流传热特性的实验分析和数值模拟

对大空间内管径d=40mm横管表面的自然对流进行了实验分析和数值模拟,通过测出不同位置的壁温计算出横管表面的自然对流换热系数α,并与3种不同经验公式计算值进行了比较,得出大空间内横管径表面自然对流换热系数的最佳经验公式;并用数值计算方法模拟了大空间自然对流换热现象。     

关于紧凑式换热面放热性能测定方法的讨论

通常用来测试换热面放热性能的常规方法是先在稳定态下测量其换热面和流体的平均温度以及换热率,然后按照牛顿冷却定律将换热率除以流体和换热面的平均温度差来计算其平均放热系数h。显然,用这种方法求得的放热系数h的准确度主要取决于换热面和流体的温度测量误差;而对高效,紧凑换热面来说,温度测量误差的影响尤为严重。可是恰恰对高效,紧凑换热面来说,平均壁温的测量是十分困难的,即使勉力而为,也难以获得准确结果。这是因为为了测量换热面各处温度而装在翅片面(很薄而且相邻两翅片间的距离又只有1.5mm左右)上的测温元件本身将显著影响试件芯子内的温度分布和速度分布。这就是目前紧凑式换热面的放热性能的资料大多是用各种不需测定壁温的方法来求得的原因。这种不需测定壁温来确定换热面性能的方法巳发展有很多种,它们可区分为两大类:稳定态法和瞬变态法;而每一类又包含很多种。它们的理论根据,特点和适用范围都互不相同。因此,要获得准确结果,就必须根据试件的特点和测量范围,来选用合适的方法并仔细地保证规定的试验条件。本文将对各种不需测定壁温来确定放热性能的方法作一综合评价,给出它们的优缺点和适用范围,以便正确使用这些方法来确定各种紧凑式换热面的放热性能和合理评价用各种不同方法所求得的实验结果。     

确定墙体表面换热系数的辨识方法探讨

实测了墙体表面热流和墙体表面与室内空气之间的温差,并通过遗传算法和最小二乘法辨识分别得到了各算法的表面换热系数估计值,比较热流实测值和两种算法的热流预测值,可知遗传算法的预测热流与实验热流非常吻合,说明遗传算法是一种利用墙体表面的动态实验数据获得表面换热系数的有效方法,并且具有很高的精度。     

短周期风洞上动叶表面压力和换热测量

采用短周期冷态传热风洞研究了某型放大动叶表面静压及换热系数分布,实验中雷诺数和叶栅压比范围涵盖了叶片的典型工作状态.结果表明:压比是影响表面压力系数的主要因素,雷诺数的影响可以忽略;雷诺数和压比都会影响表面换热系数和绝热壁温,随着雷诺数的增大,叶片表面换热系数增加,吸力面转捩点前移,大雷诺数的换热系数分布趋势有别于小雷诺数;保持主流总温不变,随着叶栅压比的增大或雷诺数的减小,绝热壁温降低,小雷诺数下绝热壁温实验值低于平板的理论计算值.     

聚变堆包层第一壁流道换热性能研究

以聚变堆包层第一壁内流道作为研究对象,设计了以空气为介质的包层第一壁U型流道换热性能实验台架.通过测量第一壁流道沿流动方向的温度和压力分布,研究了在不同管径和雷诺数下,温度、流速和弯头形状等因素对第一壁流道换热性能的影响,并与数值模拟结果进行了对比分析.实验结果表明:30mm×30mm最大的U型方管可以在不增加流动阻力的情况下,提高流体与管壁之间换热强度23%,并且通过弯头处渐缩的优化改进可进一步提高换热强度15%,数值分析结果与之也较符合.本研究表明通过改变包层第一壁流道的形状和尺寸可以有效提高第一壁流道的换热性能.     

求解辐射换热的离散传播法

介绍了一种新的求解辐射换热的方法—离散传播法,并编制了用该方法求解一维辐射换热问题的通用程序。用该程序对一维平行平板间的辐射换热问题进行了计算,并将结果与解析解进行了比较。结果表明,离散传播法是一种很好的求解辐射换热方法,值得进一步研究。     

倾斜下表面过冷池沸腾实验研究

倾斜下表面的沸腾换热可模拟球形下表面的沸腾换热 ,这对严重事故下压水反应堆压力容器的非能动保护非常重要 .对大气压力下倾斜下表面的过冷池沸腾换热进行了实验研究 .对不同倾斜角度通过实验进行了观察和测量 .结果表明 ,倾斜角对换热系数的影响仅在小倾斜角时较大 .给出了不同倾斜角下换热系数和热流密度的拟合关系式 .这些关系式可用于压水堆堆芯熔化时压力容器非能动保护研究     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with