大地电磁反演中改进的自适应正则化因子选取研究

通过建立大地电磁(MT)层状地电模型,利用共轭梯度法求解反问题,在给定不同初始模型的条件下对多种正则化因子选取方法进行了计算比较,分析了各种方法的特点和使用条件.结果表明,自适应正则化算法的效果与传统的定值方法如L曲线法相近,但反演过程远比传统方法便捷.为了解决反演依赖于初始模型的局限并增强解的稳定性,基于多种自适应正则化方案的对比分析,提出了改进的自适应正则化方案,选取数据拟合泛函与模型稳定泛函较大的比值为正则化因子的初始值,并提出相应的调整方案自动控制正则化因子衰减.模型试验表明,该方法对初始模型的依赖性低于其他几种自适应的算法,反演结果的稳定性较强,可以进一步提高正则化反演的效率.     

大地电磁测深和重力数据同步正则化联合反演

在以往正则化联合反演中,不同的地球物理方法均采用相同的正则化因子。当不同的地球物理方法的数据拟合泛函和模型稳定泛函的数量级不一致时,单正则化因子条件下的正则化联合反演不能充分发挥不同地球物理方法各自模型约束泛函的作用。针对这点不足,以大地电磁测深(MT)和重力联合反演为例,提出了双正则化因子的确定方法,新方法根据MT和重力方法各自的数据拟合效率实现了正则化因子的自适应调整。设计了非完全共界面的断块模型。模型试验表明:与传统的MT和重力正则化联合反演相比,双正则化因子条件下的MT和重力联合反演可以更好地发挥各自的模型约束泛函的模型约束作用,联合反演的解更符合真实模型。     

一种适合磁异常反演的正则化因子选取方法

为更精确地确定地下磁性物质的分布,结合工程勘察中的磁法探勘和位场反演特点,借鉴Zhdanov等提出的自适应正则化因子选取方式,提出一种适合磁异常反演的完全自适应正则化方法。在进行一次常规自适应算法的基础上,得到估计的正则化因子初始值,根据数据拟合的下降效率确定合适的正则化因子的计算值,并采用较大的衰减因子,通过自动衰减正则化因子在考虑计算效率的条件下得到较好的数据拟合和稳定的反演结果。模型实验表明,此方法的数据拟合效果比L曲线法更好,同时在解稳定的前提下减少了迭代次数。     

垂直激电测深二维自适应正则化反演

为了提高垂直激电测深2维反演的分辨率和稳定性,提出了一种针对垂直激电测深数据的自适应正则化反演方法.在整个反演过程中,正则化因子的选取无需人为干涉,实现了完全的自适应.给出了极化率数据的广义线性总体光滑约束反演方法,分别对极化率反演中初始模型的给定、偏导数矩阵的计算及自适应正则化因子的选取进行了研究,并编制了实用、高效的垂直激电测深2维反演软件.通过对模拟和实测的垂直激电测深数据反演,验证了方法的可行性和有效性,编制的反演软件可用于实际生产.     

二维直流电阻率与音频大地电磁自适应渐进联合反演

开展了非结构化三角网格条件下的二维直流电阻率与音频大地电磁自适应渐进正则化联合反演研究。通过研发以模型灵敏度信息为依据的反演网格自适应优化技术,构建由粗网格到细网格逐步反演的自适应渐进反演策略,减少了反问题对稳定因子的依赖,进而降低了正则化因子搜索的计算量;通过最小二乘算法求解非结构化三角网格的模型粗糙度,构建了非结构化网格条件下的最小结构稳定因子;采用高斯-牛顿法优化求解正则化反演目标函数,通过双共轭梯度稳定算法求解高斯-牛顿方程,确保反演稳定性,同时有效减少了反问题对内存的需求。理论模型与实测数据的联合反演试算表明,直流电阻率与音频大地电磁数据联合反演能够有效减少反演多解性,提高反演效果,实现音频大地电磁静态效应异常体的直接反演。     

热传导方程源项反演问题的指数型正则化方法

研究了有界域中热传导方程源项反演问题。通过热传导方程的特征值和特征函数，利用分离变量法重建源项，并给出了源项反演的条件稳定性，依据构造的指数型正则化方法，给出了先验选取和后验选取正则化参数下指数型正则化方法的正则化解的收敛性和误差估计。数值模拟的计算结果验证了算法的有效性。     

基于最小支持的2.5维直流电阻率正则化反演研究

地球物理反问题存在多解性和不稳定性,正则化是得到稳定解的重要手段之一,正则化方法中稳定因子的设计与正则化因子的选择是两项重要研究内容.稳定因子的主要功能是对模型的解空间进行限制,以减少多解性,求得稳定解;为更好的定位地下目标体,研究工作采用了最小支持稳定因子,并给出了统一表达形式.正则化因子在模型误差与数据误差之间起到平衡作用,研究工作在“L曲线法”自动选取正则化因子的基础上,提出一种修正的计算正则化因子算法.以2.5维直流电阻率为例,运用非线性共轭梯度法,进行了试算研究,结果表明了修正的“L曲线法”算法快速、稳定,最小支持稳定因子具有较好的聚焦特性,有利于实现陡变边界反演.     

基于混合正则化的最小二乘三维电阻率反演成像

基于经典Tikhonov正则化(classical Tikhonov regularization)的最小二乘反演是三维电阻率反演的主要方法。对于电阻率分片连续的地质体,由于光滑反演解的光滑性使得目标区域与背景区域间边界模糊,不能很好地体现异常体的形态信息和位置信息,成像效果不好。将总变分正则化(total variation regularization)与经典Tikhonov正则化结合,提出混合正则化反演方法,通过模型分析比较经典Tikhonov正则化、TV正则化、混合正则化在反演结果上的不同,证明了引入混合正则化约束的最小二乘反演既保持了经典Tikhonov正则化方法解的稳定性,又具有TV正则化方法解的保边缘性,有效地改善了三维电阻率成像效果。最后将混合正则化的反演方法应用到实际工程,验证了该方法的有效性和实用性。     

算子非精确条件下确定正则化参数的一种方法

基于非标准的广义偏差原则,在算子及观测数据都有扰动的条件下,对于求解不适定问题的Tik-honov正则化方法,给出了一种选取正则化参数的简单迭代算法,并阐明了该迭代算法是一种线性模型函数算法.进一步地,利用线性模型函数方法,在一定条件下证明了所提出的选取正则化参数的简单迭代算法是收敛的,并通过数值算例验证了该方法的有效性.     

自适应的L1-L2范数正则化图像去噪方法

提出了一种自适应的L1-L2范数正则化图像去噪方法.相比传统的L1范数正则化与L2范数正则化,新方法有效消除了阶梯效应,同时较好的保持了图像边缘信息.为了提高计算效率,将Split Bregman算法框架应用到提出的模型中,有效的提升了收敛速率并减少了计算时间.实验结果与分析验证了L1-L2范数正则化模型在图像去噪效果与计算效率的有效性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.