Effect of matrix metallo-proteinase-26 (MMP-26) during embryo implantation in the mouse

Matrix metalloproteinase-26 (MMP-26, endometase and matrilysin-2), a novel member of the MMPs family, is detected not only in the placenta and uterus, but is widely expressed in malignant tumors from different sources as well as in diverse tumor cell lines. However, the function of MMP-26 in the reproductive system has never been reported. Expression of MMP-26 in mouse embryos and the function of the MMP-26 antibody during mouse embryo implantation was examined for the first time by injecting the uterine horn, immunohistochemistry,in situ hybridization, co-culture of mouse blastocysts and uterine monolayer epithelial cells, Western blot, RT-PCR, Northern blot and zymography. Our results show that there is strong expression of MMP-26 mRNA and protein in the mouse embryo. Furthermore, the MMP-26 antibody dramatically inhibited mouse embryo implantation and significantly inhibited adhesion and outgrowth of mouse blastocysts onin vitro uterine monolayer epithelial cells. At the same time, the MMP-26 antibody inhibited the expression of integrin αV mRNA and protein in a dose-dependent manner. These data suggest that MMP-26 may play a role in some of the tissue-remodeling events associated with the invasion of the endometrium by trophoblast cells and facilitate successfully embryo implantation.     

Comparative study on the effect of integrin αvβ3 on secretion of matrix metalloproteinases in human normal and carcinoma trophoblasts

The invasion of cytotrophoblast cells into the maternal endometrium during embryonic implantation is very similar to the metastasis of carcinoma cells. However, the significant difference is that the former is a highly controlled process. In this report, the effects of integrin αvβ3 on the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) were compared between normal cytotrophoblast cells and choriocarcinoma cells by RT-PCR, gelatin zymography and immunocytochemistry. The results reveal that both normal cytotrophoblast cells and choriocarcinoma cells can express integrin αvβ3. The secretion of MMPs in normal cytotrophoblast ceils is up-regulated by anti-αvβ3 antibody, whereas, decreased in choriocarcinoma cells. It was suggested that αvβ3 can modulate the expression of MMPs in trophoblasts, and this action is carried out through distinct mechanisms in normal and carcinoma cytotrophoblast cells.     

PinX1基因真核表达载体的构建及其对乳腺癌MCF-7细胞增殖的抑制作用

探讨了PinX1 基因在乳腺癌MCF-7 细胞生长和细胞周期中的作用, 初步探讨了该基因用于乳腺癌临床治疗的可行性. 采用RT-PCR 技术从293-T 细胞中扩增PinX1 基因, 将其克隆入真核表达载体pEGFP-C1 中, 再将重组质粒转染MCF-7 细胞. 通过real-time PCR 检测PinX1 基因的mRNA 表达, 用MTT 法检测转染前后细胞生长曲线的变化, 用流式细胞仪检测转染目的基因后细胞生长周期的改变. 检测结果表明, PinX1 基因已经在转染后MCF-7 细胞的细胞核内稳定表达, 乳腺癌细胞生长明显减缓(P <0.05), 增殖变慢(P <0.05), 细胞生长阻滞于G0/G1 期, 说明PinX1 基因可抑制乳腺癌MCF-7 细胞的生长和增殖.     

Activation of proteinkinase ERK mediates induction of macrophage MMP-12 by OxLDL

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) on the expression of maerophage matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12), and the possible mechanisms. Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) was detected by Western blot analysis.Enzymatic activity of MMP-12 was determined by β-casein zymography. RT-PCR analysis was used to measure the mRNA expression level of MMP-12. OxLDL-stimulated macrophages produced increased casein-degrading activities and oxLDL also significantly increased the mRNA level of MMP-12 in a dose-dependent manner.OxLDL stimulated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in macrophages. The use of the specific inhibitor indicated that the ERK1/2 signaling pathway was required for the induction of MMP-12.These data demonstrated that oxLDL induced MMP-12 expression in macrophages through an ERK1/2-dependent pathway.     

白桦脂酸体外抗肿瘤的活性和机制

研究白桦脂醇（Betulin）和白桦脂酸（Betulinic Acid, BA）对3种癌细胞株的增殖抑制作用以及白桦脂酸诱导MCF 7细胞毒的分子机制. 应用结晶紫染色方法对白桦脂醇和白桦脂酸对肿瘤细胞的生长抑制作用进行筛选； 应用RT-PCR技术检测MCF 7细胞p21 mRNA, p53 mRNA, Bcl 2 mRNA和Bax mRNA的表达. 结果表明, 白桦脂醇和白桦脂酸有显著抑制肿瘤细胞生长的作用, 且有浓度依赖性; 白桦脂酸能够诱导MCF 7细胞凋亡, 并诱导其p21 mRNA和p53 mRNA表达增高, 但对其Bcl 2 mRNA和Bax mRNA 的表达无影响.     

IGF-Ⅱ and IGFBP-1 reversely regulate blastocyst implantation in mouse

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-Ⅱ and IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-1, members of IGF family, are important in the cyclic development of endometrium and the blastocyst implantation. In the present study, the indirect immunofluorescence showed that IGF-Ⅱ and IGFBP-1 were specifically expressed at the maternal-fetal interface. In a co-culture system, IGF-Ⅱ significantly enhanced the attachment and outgrowth of the blastocyst on monolayer of uterine epithelial cells, while IGFBP-1 did not affect the blastocyst attachment, but markedly inhibited the blastocyst outgrowth. The results of zymography showed that IGF-Ⅱ enhanced the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9, while IGFBP-1 did not affect the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9. In conclusion, the equilibrium between the invasion of trophoblast and the inhibition of deciduas may be regulated by the interaction between the IGF-Ⅱ-expressing invading cytotrophoblast and maternal deciduas-derived IGFBP-1.     

姜黄素对人膀胱癌细胞系T24体外侵袭的作用

目的探讨姜黄素(curcumin)对人膀胱癌细胞系T24体外侵袭能力及其作用机制.方法以不同浓度的姜黄素作用于膀胱癌T24细胞,MTT法检测细胞增殖抑制率,Transwell法实验观察T24侵袭能力的变化,Western blot法检测MMP-2和VEGF蛋白表达的差异.结果姜黄素能有效抑制T24细胞的增殖,并抑制T24细胞的体外侵袭能力,呈时间-剂量依赖性(P0.05).20μmol/L和50μmol/L姜黄素作用细胞24 h后,MMP-2,VEGF蛋白的表达量下降(P0.05).结论姜黄素对T24细胞的增殖和侵袭能力有抑制作用,其机制可能与下调MMP-2和VEGF的蛋白表达有关.     

结核分枝杆菌Ag85B-ESAT6融合蛋白稳定表达细胞系的建立

建立了能够稳定表达结核分枝杆菌Ag85B-ESAT6融合蛋白的P815细胞系。将Ag85B和ESAT6基因分别克隆至真核表达载体pcDNA3,构建了Ag85B—ESAT6融合蛋白的真核表达质粒Ag85B-pcDNA3-ESAT6。在阳离子聚合物作用下,重组质粒转染与BALB／c遗传背景一致的P815（H-2^4）细胞。通过G418压力筛选后,得到1株阳性克隆细胞。经过RT-PCR检测到该细胞中有Ag85B-ESAT6融合蛋白mRNA表达,用间接免疫荧光可以在转染重组质粒的P815细胞膜上检测到较强的绿色荧光,证实P815细胞内有融合蛋白的表达。获得表达Ag85B-ESAT6融合蛋白的稳定细胞系。     

rhEPO对预处理低氧损伤胶质细胞MMP-9表达的影响

 探讨人促红细胞生成素（rhEPO）对低氧损伤胶质细胞的影响及对金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）表达的影响。通过体外纯化培养第3代星形胶质细胞,将其分为正常组、低氧组、rhEPO预处理组;以四唑蓝（MTT）比色法测定低氧培养12、24、36h细胞的存活率,倒置显微镜和透射电镜观察低氧对胶质细胞形态的影响;免疫荧光和逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）方法研究低氧对星形胶质细胞MMP-9表达的影响。结果显示:低氧组星形胶质细胞在低氧培养下出现细胞肿胀,且随时间的延长而加重,rhEPO预处理组在各时间点细胞肿胀明显轻于低氧组。rhEPO能减轻细胞超微结构的改变及降低MTT比值。RT-PCR及免疫荧光检测表明：低氧组MMP-9 mRNA及蛋白的表达在低氧各时间点均高于正常组,在24h达到最高,在36h开始降低（P<0.05）;rhEPO预处理组MMP-9mRNA及蛋白的表达变化在12、24、36h较低氧组低（P<0.05）。由此得出结论：rhEPO通过抑制MMP-9的表达促进低氧条件下星形胶质细胞的存活。     

Regulation of mouse blastocyst adhesion,outgrowth and secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2 by cGMP and nitric oxide <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis>

Nitric oxide (NO) is a multifunctional messenger molecule produced through oxidation of L-arginine to L-citrulline by enzyme NO synthase (NOS). In the current study, mouse blastocysts were cultured in the different media, and the implantation capacity of blastocyst was evaluated by evaluating the percentage of embryos adhesion and outgrowth after culture for 12, 24 or 48 h. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) mRNA was detected by RT-PCR, and MMP-2 protein was detected by gelatin zymography. Inhibition of blastocyst adhesion and outgrowth was observed in embryo cultured with 500 μmol/L NOS inhibitor N^G-mono-methyI-L-arginine (L-NMMA) alone; however, 100 μmol/L S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), a NO donor, and 20μmol/L cGMP analogue, 8-Br-cGMP could block this inhibition. The expression and production of MMP-2 in the blastocysts were suppressed by L-NMMA, and SNAP or 8-br-cGMP could reverse this suppression. These results suggest that NO induces embryo implantation by cGMP signaling pathway.     

Expression and function of a new angiogenic factor AA98 target molecule at the maternal-embryonic boundary of rhesus monkey

The target molecule of monoclonal antibody AA98 (AA for short) is a new vascular endothelial cell related factor and plays a role in angiogenesis as indicated by the previous data. To investigate its role in angiogenesis and placentation in primate, we examined its expression in the implantation sites on D17, 19, 28 and 34 of gestation in rhesus monkey by immunohistochemistry and Western immunoblot. Western blot analysis showed that the primary antibody used in this study was specific for its epitope. AA protein was mainly expressed in small blood vessels and in some cytotrophoblast cells. The AA staining was found mainly in the endothelial cells and vascular small muscle. This observation supported the AA‘s role in angiogenesis. AA was spatio-temporarily expressed in cytotrophoblasts: weak in proliferating trophoblast within cell column and endovascular trophoblast, strong in trophoblastic subpopulation within the basal plate and vascular trophoblast; AA staining within the basal plate was down-regulated during early placentation. The shift of AA98 expression in extravillous trophoblasts suggestes a role of this new factor during the course of cytotrophoblast metastasis and spiral artery remodeling. The spatio-temporarily expression indicats that AA98 could be also used as a trophoblast cellular marker to characterize the acquisition of a vascular endothelial and invasive phenotype.     

Monitoring p21 mRNA expression in living cell based on molecular beacon fluorescence increasing rate

Studying the expression level of mRNA in living cells will offer tremendous opportunities for advancement in cell biology research, disease diagnostics, and drug discovery. In this paper, a molecular beacon （MB） specific for the important tumor suppressor gene p21 has been designed and synthesized. The fluorescence signal was detected in real-time after the MB entered the cytoplasm of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. After injecting the p21MB into nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell and p33-transfected nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell, the consistent increase of fluorescent signal intensity was detected in both cell lines, and maximum fluorescence intensity achieved in about 15 min. In about 4 min following microinjection, the fluorescence increasing rate was significantly different between these two cell lines, which indicate the different p21 mRNA expression levels. The results obtained in the real-time detection were also validated by RT-PCR. Analysis of the initial fluorescence increasing rate can efficiently reduce the side effect of enzyme and improve the accuracy in living cell mRNA detection.     

沉默SEMA3A基因对胶质瘤细胞U251增殖和转移的影响

探讨了SEMA3A基因在恶性胶质瘤细胞U251迁移和侵袭能力中的作用, 及其用于胶质瘤临床治疗的可行性. 用特异识别SEMA3A基因的短发卡RNA(short hairpin RNA,shRNA)片段与真核表达载体pFH-GFP-L连接, 再与辅助质粒联用来包装慢病毒. 通过荧光显微镜观察感染胶质瘤细胞U251的感染效率. 通过实时定量PCR技术和Western-blot技术验证了U251细胞中SEMA3A基因的沉默效果. 通过MTT法、PI染色法和Transwell小室分别检测了U251细胞增殖、细胞周期和运动能力的变化. 结果表明, SEMA3A-shRNA慢病毒感染U251能有效下调SEMA3A基因的表达水平(P <0.01), 使U251细胞的增殖能力、迁移和侵袭能力明显降低(P <0.05), 细胞大量阻滞在G2/M期, 并促进了细胞凋亡(P <0.05).     

HER-2基因特异性核酶在MDA-MB-453细胞内的瞬时效应

目的确定人表皮生长因子受体-2(HER-2)特异性锤头状核酶(hammerhead ribozyme,RZ)对雌激素受体阴性乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-453的影响.方法应用RT-PCR、免疫细胞化学检测RZ对MDA-MB-453细胞HER-2表达的影响;MTT法检测RZ对细胞增殖的影响.结果RZ转染入MDA-MB-453细胞中,RT-PCR检测出转染RZ的MDA-MB-453细胞中HER-2 mRNA表达量明显下降;免疫细胞化学方法检测细胞内的HER-2蛋白表达下降;MTT法检测细胞增殖活性明显受抑.结论RZ在MDA-MB-453细胞内有效抑制靶基因HER-2mRNA和蛋白的表达,同时可抑制细胞增殖,有助于进一步研究雌激素受体阴性乳腺癌细胞HER-2信号转导通路.     

失血性贫血小鼠恢复过程中骨髓基质金属蛋白酶变化

目的:观察失血性贫血小鼠恢复过程中骨髓基质金属蛋白酶-2和-9(MMP-2,MMP-9)的变化,并探讨其在造血调控中的作用.方法:采用全自动血细胞分析仪、免疫组化和酶谱电泳法分别检测失血性贫血小鼠恢复过程中外周血RBC和Hb数量、骨髓细胞MMP-2和MMP-9表达以及骨髓造血微环境MMP-2和MMP-9的活性变化.结果:(1)与正常对照组相比外周血RBC和Hb数量失血后第1d急剧下降.随着恢复时间的延长,二者数目逐渐上升,到第9d已接近正常对照组水平.(2)在正常对照组检测到了较弱的MMP-2和MMP-9的表达.与正常对照组相比,失血后1d组、3d、5d和7d组小鼠骨髓细胞中MMP-2和MMP-9表达明显增加,MMP-2和MMP-9表达分别于失血后5d和3d达到峰值.与1d组相比,3d组小鼠骨髓细胞中MMP-2和MMP-9表达以及5d组小鼠骨髓细胞中MMP-2表达明显增加.(3)正常对照组中检测到proMMP-2,proMMP-9和MMP-9 3条酶带,MMP-9的活性最强.失血后1d,proMMP-2,proMMP-9和MMP-9的活性均急剧升高.随着恢复时间的延长,3者的活性逐渐降低,到第9d时恢复到接近正常对照组水平.结论:失血性贫血小鼠可能通过骨髓细胞中MMPs表达增加以及骨髓造血微环境中MMPs活性升高来促进骨髓造血功能增强,使外周血RBC和Hb的数量恢复到正常水平.     

木犀草素抑制哮喘大鼠气道炎症的机制研究

目的探讨木犀草素抑制哮喘大鼠气道炎症的可能机制.方法取健康清洁级Wistar大鼠60只,随机分为木犀草素组、哮喘组、对照组,每组各20只.木犀草素组、哮喘组建立大鼠哮喘模型,建模过程中每次激发后1h给予哮喘组和对照组腹腔注射生理盐水,木犀草素组腹腔注射1 mg/kg的木犀草素.光镜下观察大鼠肺组织病理变化,测定支气管肺泡灌洗液中的细胞数及IL-4水平;免疫组化法检测p38MAPK,PPARγ蛋白表达情况;RTPCR检测p38MAPK,PPARγ的相对表达量.结果 3组大鼠支气管基底膜周径之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);哮喘组大鼠平滑肌厚度、管壁厚度均明显高于对照组及木犀草素组大鼠(P0.05).哮喘组大鼠细胞总数、嗜酸粒细胞数、中性粒细胞数均明显高于木犀草素组和对照组(P0.05);木犀草素组细胞总数、嗜酸粒细胞数、中性粒细胞数均明显高于对照组(P0.05);哮喘组IL-4含量明显高于木犀草素组及对照组(P0.05);哮喘组大鼠p38MAPK蛋白表达明显高于对照组,PPARγ蛋白表达明显低于对照组(P0.05);木犀草素组大鼠p38MAPK蛋白表达明显低于哮喘组,PPARγ蛋白表达明显高于哮喘组(P0.05).哮喘组大鼠p38MAPK mRNA相对表达量明显高于对照组,木犀草素组表达量明显低于哮喘组(P0.05);哮喘组大鼠PPARγmRNA相对表达量明显低于对照组,木犀草素组表达量明显高于哮喘组(P0.05).结论木犀草素可能通过影响PPARγ表达和p38MAPK信号通路而发挥抑制哮喘大鼠气道炎症的作用.     

明日叶查尔酮对紫外线诱发HaCaT细胞损伤的防护作用

 为研究明日叶查尔酮（Angelica keiskei chalcones,AC）对紫外线诱发HaCaT细胞损伤的防护作用,采用紫外线照射损伤的HaCaT细胞,分别加入高、中、低剂量依次为20、10、5μmol/L终浓度的AC,共同培养24 h,采用3-（4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl）-2,5-diphenyl-2-Htetrazolium bromide（MTT）比色法测定细胞增殖活性,流式细胞仪测定细胞凋亡率,试剂盒法测定细胞MDA含量和SOD、CAT及Caspase-3的活性,逆转录聚合酶链式反应方法检测细胞BCL-2和Bax的mRNA表达水平。结果表明,与正常对照组比较,照射模型组细胞增殖活性、SOD、CAT活性、BCL-2 mRNA表达水平降低,而细胞MDA含量、凋亡率、Caspase-3活性以及Bax mRNA表达水平则升高;中、高剂量AC组细胞增殖活性、SOD、CAT活性、BCL-2mRNA表达水平均高于照射模型组,而细胞MDA含量、凋亡率、Caspase-3活性以及BaxmRNA表达水平则均低于照射模型组。上述各项差别均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。研究发现,明日叶查尔酮可抑制紫外线照射诱发的HaCaT细胞凋亡,调节BCL-2和Bax的mRNA表达水平,增强细胞的抗氧化酶活性,减轻受损细胞的脂质过氧化水平,对紫外线照射导致的细胞损伤有良好防护作用。     

MiR-205 inhibits the invasion and migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by modulating SMAD1 expression

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC） is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. In this study, we aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of metastasis inhibition by miR-205 in ESCC. In microRNA （miRNA） array and quantitative RT-PCR analyses, we found that the expression level of miR-205 was significantly lower in patients with lymph node metastasis compared with that in patients without lymph node metastasis. After transfection of miR-205 mimics or inhibitors into ESCC cell lines, a significant negative correlation was observed between the expression level of miR-205 and Smad 1. In luciferase reporter assays, we revealed that miR- 205 inhibited the expression of SMAD1 by targeting the 3＇ untranslated region （3＇-UTR） of SMAD1 mRNA in ESCC cells. Furthermore, our results showed that miR-205 sup- pressed the invasion and migration of ESCC cells, whereas Smadl increased their invasion and migration. Taken together, our study demonstrates that miR-205 functions as a suppressor of tumor metastasis by regulating SMAD1 expression through targeting the 3＇-UTR of SMAD1 mRNAin ESCC. Therefore, miR-205 may be a potential therapeutic target for miRNA-based therapy of ESCC.