MIL型金属有机框架材料空气除湿性能研究

固体除湿装置因其结构简单、可利用低品位能源等优点,在空气调节及空气取水中发挥重要作用。除湿材料是固体除湿装置的关键部分,关乎整个设备的效率和能耗。采用水热法合成了MIL-101(Cr)、MIL-101(Fe)和MIL-100(Fe),通过X射线衍射对其进行了表征。搭建了固定床吸附/脱附实验台,测定了水蒸气在3种除湿材料上的吸附等温线和吸附动力学特性。对比研究了MIL-101(Cr)、MIL-101(Fe)和MIL-100(Fe)3种金属有机框架化合物对水蒸气的吸附性能。结果表明：MIL-101(Cr)和MIL-101(Fe)对水蒸气具有超高吸附能力,分别高达1.50 g/g和1.33 g/g。MIL-101(Fe)吸附速率最快,吸附穿透时间最短,并且吸附速率随相对湿度的增大而减小。相对湿度50%时,MIL-101(Fe)吸附速率达到了0.738。10次循环后MIL-101(Cr)和MIL-101(Fe)的吸附容量的损失分别为3.33%和3.22%,循环吸附表明MIL-101(Cr)和MIL-101(Fe)对水蒸气吸附具有优异的可逆性和稳定性。     

A novel Fe/HNT visible light-driven heterogeneous photocatalyst: Development as a semiconductor and photocatalytic application

Fe/HNT (Iron/Halloysite-nanotube) heterogeneous semiconductor catalysts operating effectively under visible light were developed by using FeCl₃, FeSO₄ and Fe(OH)₃ sludge precipitated after electro-Fenton process and named as Fe/HNT-I, Fe/HNT-II and Fe/HNT-III, respectively. Chemical configuration and particle morphology of the catalysts were characterized with XRD, SEM-EDS and UV–vis DRS. Effect of the developed Fe/HNT photocatalysts was investigated for the degradation of Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) textile dye under visible light. The photocatalytic decolorization of RO16 was 95.6%, 99.3% and 96.6%, respectively. It was found that the photocatalytic performance of Fe/HNT-III catalyst under visible light was effective compared to Fe/HNT-I and Fe/HNT-II. The iron ratio in the catalyst's structure (Fe:HNT ratio 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 (w/w)) and pH value (4, 7 and 9) in production phase were also changed to investigate the photocatalytic effect of Fe/HNT-III. An Fe:HNT ratio of 0.25 and a pH of 4 were determined as the optimum conditions for catalyst production. Optimum H₂O₂ dosage value was also investigated for photocatalytic oxidation process and determined to be 10 ?mM. Finally, the optimum conditions were further used for the degradation of Terbinafine hydrochloride (TerHCl) active drug and the treatment of wastewater from the textile and pharmaceutical industries.     

NO2对光催化降解庚烯的作用

以TiO₂/SiO₂为光催化剂, 在紫外光作用下, 讨论了NO₂存在时, 庚烯在TiO₂/SiO₂上的吸附和光催化降解作用. 通过GC-MS和FT-IR, 分别测定了3种不同体系的反应产物, 从而推测出可能的反应机理. 实验结果表明, TiO₂/SiO₂对庚烯的最大吸附量M_max=3.10　 mg, 当存在NO₂（44.64 μmol/L）时M_max=3.80　mg. 在光催化降解庚烯的反应中, 当NO₂加入量较大(NO₂≥89.28 μmol/L)时, 庚烯降解反应速率加快, 但矿化度比无 NO₂时的小.     

TiO2/SiO2纳米粒子光催化降解庚烯/二氧化硫

以TiO₂/SiO₂纳米粒子为催化剂, 研究了催化剂不同焙烧温度对二氧化硫与庚烯光催化反应的影响. 结果表明, 经600 ℃焙烧的催化剂对庚烯的降解最好. 同时研究了庚烯和二氧化硫的初始浓度、 氧气和水蒸气的不同含量及光强等因素对其光催化氧化降解的影响. 庚烯的降解速率随着二氧化硫浓度的增加而增加, 最终趋于稳定. 在二氧化硫浓度一定时, 庚烯的反应速率分别随着氧气和水分子含量的增加而不断增大, 氧含量为20%时速率最大; 水分子含量为444 μmol/L时速率最大. 庚烯的反应速率随着光强的增加而增大, 光强增至8.32 mW/cm²时, 反应速率趋于定值. 通过FT-IR和GC-MS测定初步确定了反应产物.     

Ag/TiO_2/AC光催化氧化NO性能研究

以活性炭(AC)为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法和浸渍法制备新型光催化剂Ag/TiO_2/AC,利用SEM、XRD、BET和UV-Vis光谱等手段对样品进行了表征,并以模拟烟气中的NO为对象,进行光催化氧化性能测试。结果表明,Ag/TiO_2/AC的比表面积为895.21 m~2/g,且对光响应波长已扩展到可见光区,该催化剂在光催化氧化NO反应中具有优异的活性,NO的氧化率高于60.5%。     

Synthesis of ZnWO4−x nanorods with oxygen vacancy for efficient photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) especially tetracycline pose a great threat to human health, and the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline by ZnWO4 nanomaterials has drawn much attention. To improve the photo-response range and photoactivity, we prepared ZnWO4?x sample with oxygen vacancies by solvothermally treating Zn(NO3)3 and Na2WO4 in water/ethanol/PEG-400 mixture where ethanol could act as a reducing agent to selectively remove some oxygen atoms from ZnWO4. ZnWO4?x sample is composed of nanorods with length of ~50 nm and diameter of ~20 nm. Furthermore, ZnWO4?x nanorods are brown and exhibit the obviously broadened photoabsorption from ultraviolet (UV) to near infrared (NIR) region, compared with the tradition white ZnWO4 nanorod without oxygen vacancies and with UV absorption edge of 365 nm. Under the irradiation of UV or ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV–Vis–NIR) light, ZnWO4?x nanorods can photocatalytically degrade 91% or 78% tetracycline, higher than those (67% or 71%) by ZnWO4 nanorods. The enhanced photocatalytic efficiency can be attributed to the introduction of oxygen vacancies which have been found to reduce photogenerated electron-hole pair recombination and narrow band gap.     

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue by nanostructured Fe/FeS powder under visible light

The photocatalytic performance of mechano-thermally synthesized Fe/FeS nanostructures formed from micron-sized starting materials was compared with that of a thermally synthesized nanostructure with nano-sized precursors in this paper. The properties of as-synthesized materials were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The effects of irradiation time, methylene blue (MB) concentration, catalyst dosage, and pH value upon the degradation of MB were studied. Magnetic properties of the samples showed that both as-synthesized Fe/FeS photocatalysts are magnetically recoverable, eliminating the need for conventional filtration steps. Degradation of 5 ppm of the MB solution by mechano-thermally synthesized Fe/FeS with a photocatalyst dosage of 1 kg/m3 at pH 11 can reach 96% after 12 ks irradiation under visible light. The photocatalytic efficiency is higher in alkaline solution. The kinetics of photocatalytic degradation in both samples is controlled by a first-order reaction. However, the rate-constant value in the thermally synthesized Fe/FeS photocatalyst sample is only 1.5 times greater than that of the mechano-thermally synthesized one.     

LaVO4/TiO2在分解甲基橙中的光催化性能研究

光催化剂TiO₂在污水有机物降解中有着巨大优势,但由于对光的利用率过低,需要在TiO₂的基础上进行掺杂来改善其光催化性能。本研究利用稀土镧元素对TiO₂进行了掺杂分别制备了LaVO₄/TiO₂和La(NO₃)₃/TiO₂复合光催化剂,并将它们应用于甲基橙的光催化降解反应,证实了LaVO₄对TiO₂的光催化效果有较明显的增强作用。另外还研究了不同pH条件制备和不同掺杂比例的LaVO₄/TiO₂光催化效果,pH在10.56左右制备出的LaVO₄和掺杂比例为5%的LaVO₄制得的LaVO₄/TiO₂复合光催化剂效果较好。     

BiOI/H2O2协同光催化降解四环素性能研究

碘氧铋（BiOI）是一种新型光催化剂,以硝酸铋（ Bi (NO₃)₃）、碘化钾（KI）为原料,分别采用水热法以及溶剂热法制备两种形貌的BiOI材料,通过X射线粉末衍射仪（ XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、红外光谱（ FTIR）、紫外可见漫反射（ UV-Vis DRS）和N₂吸脱附测试仪对其进行形貌、结构、性能表征。以四环素（TC）水溶液为例,测试制得的BiOI光催化降解性能,重点考察材料结构、光照条件、双氧水（H₂O₂）协同作用等对降解性能的影响。实验结果表明,溶剂热法制备的BiOI和H₂O₂协同作用时,在模拟太阳光下对四环素降解效果最好,4 h降解率可达99.11%。     

Highly dispers ed iron species created on alkali-treated zeolite for ammonia SCR

Alkaline treatment using sodium hydroxide was introduced to obtain a hierarchical pore structure in H-ZSM-5 zeolite.Fe-exchanged zeolite catalysts were prepared by impregnation on the original and alkali-treated zeolites,and were evaluated for NOx reduction by NH3,NO oxidation,and NH3 oxidation reactions.The highly dispersed iron species as active sites can be obtained by controlling the pore structure and particle size of zeolite.Therefore,the Fe/ZSM-5 catalyst treated mildly by sodium hydroxide before iron exchange,which contains amounts of highly dispersed Fe species,obtains over80% NOx conversion at a wide temperature range of 250-500℃.     

二氧化钛-硫化镉/还原氧化石墨烯复合材料光催化降解废水中有机物的研究

采用溶剂热法制备出二氧化钛-硫化镉/还原氧化石墨烯(TiO_2-CdS/rGO)三元复合光催化材料,研究其对亚甲基蓝、罗丹明B的光催化降解效果.结果表明,TiO_2-CdS/rGO对亚甲基蓝、罗丹明B的光催化降解效果优于TiO_2-CdS的,催化效率得到明显提高,降解时间大大缩短.在可见光照射下,以TiO_2-CdS/rGO为光催化剂,当光反应时间为40min时,亚甲基蓝、罗丹明B的降解率可达100%.     

ACF担载TiO_2光催化降解甲醛的影响因素研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法（sol-gel）在活性炭纤维（ACF）表面制备了纳米TiO2薄膜光催化材料,利用XRD和SEM对薄膜进行了表征。使用该负载型纳米TiO2光催化材料处理室内空气中的甲醛污染物,分别研究了TiO2涂膜次数、甲醛初始浓度、相对湿度、温度以及光源等因素对甲醛降解效率的影响。实验结果表明,所制得的TiO2为锐钛矿型,平均粒径为20nm左右,TiO2涂膜次数为3层时甲醛降解效率最高;甲醛初始浓度越高降解效率越低,甲醛降解效率随温度升高而增大,相对湿度为48%时甲醛降解效率最高;一定波长（λ〈387nm）的紫外光照射是使用TiO2光催薄膜降解甲醛的必要条件。     

Pollution plumes observed by aircraft over North China during the IPAC-NC field campaign

Strong pollution emissions from large urban and industrial centres in eastern China are thought to greatly impact regional air quality and global atmospheric chemistry.In this study,we investigate extensive pollution plumes over North China,observed by aircraft during the IPAC-NC(Influence of Pollution on Aerosols and Cloud Microphysics in North China)field campaign in spring 2006.Several pollution plumes were encountered,characterized by sharp and strong increases of SO2and NOx(NO plus NO2)as well as remarkable O3variability.During a flight performed downwind of the megacity Tianjin on 9 April,O3was found to be depleted at NOx>15 ppbv and enhanced at NOx mixing ratios of 6–7 ppbv.Our analysis indicates that the plumes had recently been released by industrial plants,and partly mixed with urban emissions,giving rise to the large-scale transport of air pollution and substantial degradation of air quality.     

超临界干燥法制备的锐钛矿TiO_2纳米晶光催化降解亚甲基蓝的研究

以自制的锐钛矿TiO2纳米晶为光催化剂,高压汞灯为光源,考察了亚甲基蓝溶液初始浓度、催化剂用量、pH值、O2和Fe^3＋等因素对其光催化降解的影响．结果表明,适宜的pH值为5．6,最佳的催化剂用量为1．5g／L,通入一定量氧或加入少量的Fe^3＋离子能有效的促进TiO2光催化亚甲基蓝降解．     

水体中邻苯二甲酸酯的光催化降解

以湿法浸渍法合成质量分数为5.0%的CuO/TiO₂为催化剂, 考察不同光照条件、 体系初始pH值及催化剂用量对4种邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）光催化降解效率的影响, 并用电喷雾萃取电离质谱法（EESI MS）检测不同光照时间的邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)降解反应过程溶液. 结果表明： 在紫外光作用下, 当体系初始pH=6, 催化剂质量浓度为20 mg/L时, PAEs降解效果最好. 根据偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA)结果， 推测出DBP光催化降解可能的中间产物, 并在最佳反应条件下给出DBP可能的光催化降解路径.     

LDH/Fe3O4@Cu2O复合材料对盐酸四环素的光催化性能研究

采用液相还原法在制备Cu2O的前驱体中加入LDH/Fe3O4制备出LDH/Fe3O4@Cu2O复合材料,将其对盐酸四环素废水进行光催化降解,研究了催化剂的投加量、光照强度、pH值和共存离子对LDH/Fe3O4@Cu2O复合材料光催化性能的影响,分析了光催化过程中起主要作用的活性基团.结果表明,制备出的LDH/Fe3O4@Cu2O复合材料具有较好的光催化性能,与单纯Cu2O相比,复合材料能够提高光催化降解的速率和效果.光催化降解盐酸四环素的最佳条件：催化剂的投加量为0.1 g·L－1、光照强度为500 W、pH值为10,对50 mg·L－1盐酸四环素的降解效率达到95.2%.溶液中存在阴离子Cl－和HCO时会降低光催化效率,自由基抑制实验证实光催化过程中·O起主要作用.     

含Sr2+和Bi3+有机杂化体的合成及其光降解罗丹明B

采用溶剂热法在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中合成了不同摩尔比例的SrCl_2和Bi(NO_3)_3(分别为5%,10%,30%,50%,80%)与对苯二甲酸形成的含Sr~(2+)和Bi~(3+)有机杂化体,并在紫外可见光照射下对其进行了罗丹明B降解活性的评价.结果表明:杂化体在紫外可见光下对RhB降解活性良好,其中SrCl_2摩尔比例10%掺杂的催化剂光降解活性最佳,这归结于其在紫外区域对光有很好的吸收及光生电子和空穴能有效地分离.双金属离子能协同调节有机杂化体的光催化活性.     

光触媒降解室内甲醛的影响因素研究

通过分析室内装修中污染的现状,指出用光触媒降解甲醛的优越性。采用实验研究了光照种类和强度、温度、湿度及喷涂面积对光触媒降解甲醛的影响。结果表明:强的紫外线光照、大的喷涂面积、高温能促进光触媒降解甲醛,而高湿度不利于光触媒降解甲醛。     

TiO2/Fe2O3/CNTs磁性光催化剂的制备及可见光下降解盐酸四环素

以碳纳米管为载体支架,利用简便的化学沉积和热处理方法,将Fe2O3纳米颗粒负载在碳纳米管表面,得到磁性碳纳米管(Fe2O3/CNTs)。再利用溶胶-凝胶法包覆Ti O2纳米颗粒,制得一种新型的磁性光催化剂(Ti O2/Fe2O3/CNTs),通过SEM、TEM、XRD、VSM和UV-Vis等方法,对样品进行了一系列的表征。将其用于水体中盐酸四环素的降解,探究了p H条件、原始浓度以及光催化剂用量对降解作用的影响。结果表明,样品具有紧凑的交错多孔结构,Ti O2/Fe2O3纳米颗粒包覆在其表面。样品能对紫外-可见光产生较强吸收,光能利用率及光催化性能显著提高。在25 mg/L盐酸四环素偏酸性体系中,在1.5 mg/L催化剂用量下,光催化反应降解率可达95.1%,光催化反应符合一级反应动力学模型。此外,催化剂还具备良好的超顺磁性,易于分离回收,重复使用,有望成为一种经济,环保,高效,可循环的四环素降解材料。     

新型TiO2-铜卟啉催化剂的合成及其光催化甲基橙降解研究

为了研究不同长度侧链催化剂对光催化降解甲基橙溶液的影响,更好地解决水污染治理问题,以1-萘酚为原料,经两步反应得到中间体4-(3-萘氧基-烷氧基)-苯甲醛,利用Lindsey法合成4个结构新颖的卟啉及铜卟啉衍生物,中间体和目标产物的结构经MS,NMR和元素分析进行确认,制备了TiO_2-铜卟啉催化剂,并进行了光催化甲基橙降解实验。结果表明:当铜卟啉衍生物苯环上连有侧链时,其光催化活性优于四苯基铜卟啉催化剂,但侧链的长度对活性的影响不明显。该研究为今后合成高效催化剂提供了思路。