淬火工艺对铬结构钢显微组织和力学性能的影响

研究了淬火工艺对低和中碳铬钢的显微组织、冲击韧性和断裂机制的影响．结果表明，提高淬火温度，使中碳钢所获得的、带方向性的纤维状马氏体和呈等边三角形出现的马氏体都是孪晶型的片状马氏体．低碳淬火钢中有相当数量的板条马氏体中也都带有孪晶．并证实，具有细小奥氏体晶粒的细片马氏体或隐针马氏体的冲击韧性值高于粗大的低碳板条马氏体．因此，无论是低碳，还是中碳和高碳钢，当奥氏体晶粒长大倾向稍大时，采取提高加热温度进行淬火的工艺是不可取的     

宽带激光处理铸铁组织与强韧性的研究

采用宽光束ＣＯ２ 激光,对灰铸铁进行相变硬化和熔凝强化处理,分析了两种工艺条件下铸铁组织强韧化机理．结果表明,相变硬化马氏体形态主要为针状,组织内存在微细孪晶结构;熔凝形成的莱氏体组织内弥散分布着未熔Ｆｅ３Ｃ及新生相Ｆｅ７Ｃ３ ．声发射试验表明,灰铸铁经相变硬化处理,其强韧性稍优于熔凝处理的结果．结合激光形成的温度场特点,对试验结果进行了讨论．研究方法包括透射电子显微镜、Ｘ射线衍射、声发射试验等．     

薄带连铸取向硅钢的热轧孪生行为

薄带连铸流程下取向硅钢粗大λ晶粒(〈100〉//ND,normal direction)的“遗传”会导致磁性能恶化.为解决这一问题,针对取向硅钢的热轧孪生行为开展研究,结果表明:凝固组织粗大的取向硅钢在650℃热轧时可产生大量112〈111〉形变孪晶,这与具有高层错能的硅钢在较高温度下难以孪生变形的传统认知不同.热轧过程中复杂的应力状态降低了变形孪晶的取向依赖性,由于具有更高的储存能,孪晶界/孪晶界及孪晶界/晶界交叉点成为再结晶形核的优先位置,大大提高了常化过程中的再结晶率,受沿孪晶界应变分布及孪晶间距离的限制,沿孪晶界形核的再结晶晶粒通常呈“饼状”,最终形成以细小且取向漫散的再结晶晶粒为主的常化组织,消除了初始凝固组织中有害的粗大λ晶粒.     

瞬时淬火工艺下低碳钢的组织演变规律

为了探究瞬时淬火工艺下低碳钢组织的演变规律,在热模拟机上对Q195和CR340试样进行了瞬时淬火处理.结果表明,瞬时淬火工艺初期得到马氏体+贝氏体+铁素体+未溶渗碳体的复杂混合组织;保温足够时间后,未溶渗碳体逐渐溶解使奥氏体平均碳浓度升高,奥氏体晶粒内碳浓度梯度减小,从而增加组织中马氏体相对量,最终得到全部板条马氏体组织.瞬时淬火工艺与传统淬火工艺相比可明显细化试验钢晶粒尺寸,提高升温速率对试验钢晶粒细化作用更明显.     

淬火工艺对双金属带锯条组织及力学性能的影响

探讨了淬火工艺对双金属带锯条齿部和背部材料的微观组织与力学性能、实际锯切寿命及断口形貌特征的影响．结果表明：淬火工艺对双金属带锯条背部与齿部材料的组织与力学性能有影响,尤其对背部材料的影响较明显．降低淬火冷却速率,使背部材料塑性以及抗疲劳性能有一定的下降,这主要是由于淬火后孪晶马氏体（含板条内微孪晶马氏体）量有所增加,回火后,使孪晶马氏体发生退化产生脆性片状碳化物,进一步增加了回火脆性     

奥氏体-贝氏体球墨铸铁的组织和性能

本文研究了一种新型球铁,即高强度、高韧性奥氏体-贝氏体球铁。通过正交试验选择热处理参数,并进一步考察了不同等温淬火温度和时间对组织和性能的影响。为了考察奥氏体-贝氏体球铁的可靠性和使用寿命,还进行了延性断裂韧度与接触疲劳性能的试验。实验结果表明,奥氏体-贝氏体球铁具有很好的断裂韧性和接触疲劳强度。本文还探讨了奥氏体-贝氏体球铁性能优异的原因。     

淬火介质对稀土低合金铸钢组织及性能的影响

对稀土低合金铸钢材料采用水淬存在开裂、油淬存在成本高等问题,通过实验研制了一种介于水和油之间且性能稳定、配制简单、价格低廉的淬火介质。结果表明,对稀土低合金铸钢材料,用聚乙烯醇溶液为淬火介质,得到了板条马氏体＋针状马氏体＋残余奥氏体,材料的平均硬度为55.7HRC,耐磨性最好,可以代替淬火油。该介质安全实用,生产成本低,使试件耐磨性良好。     

钒对贝氏体球墨铸铁组织与硬度的影响

研究了钒在连续冷却淬火贝氏体球墨铸铁中的存在形式和作用,以及对球墨失贝氏体组织和性能的影响机制,结果表明：钒在贝氏体球墨铸铁以固溶和弥散碳化物２种形式存在,它能有效地增加贝氏体形核率,促进贝氏体转变,细化贝氏体组织,强化基体,提高硬度,因此,钒可替代钼、镍、硼等元素生产贝氏体球铁。     

Element distribution and diffusion behavior in Q&P steel during partitioning

Carbon, manganese, and silicon distribution in quenching and partitioning （Q＆P） steel during partitioning process was investigated to reveal the diffusion behavior. The microstructure and chemical composition were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and three-dimensional atom probe. It is shown that the studied Q＆P steel consisted of martensite laths and thin, film-like retained austenite showing extraordinary phase transformation stability. Carbon atoms mostly diffused to the retained austenite from martensite at a higher partitioning temperature. In the experimental steel partitioned at 400℃ for 10-60 s, carbides or cementite formed through carbon segregation along martensite boundaries or within the martensite matrix. As a result of carbon atom diffusion from martensite to austenite, the carbon content in martensite could be ignored. When the partitioning process completed, the constrained carbon equilibrium （CCE） could be simplified. Results calculated by the simplified CCE model were similar to those of CCE, and the difference between the two optimum quenching temperatures, where the maximum volume fraction of the retained austenite can be obtained by the Q＆P process, was little.     

球铁热浸渗铝工艺及渗铝球铁耐热性能的研究

本文对球墨铸铁的热浸渗铝工艺和渗铝球铁的耐热性能进行了研究。实验结果表明:采用热浸渗铝工艺可较大幅度地提高球铁的抗氧化和抗生长能力;由于铸铁成分和组织上的特点,其热浸渗铝工艺与低碳钢有所不同。     

Effect of lower bainite/martensite/retained austenite triplex microstructure on the mechanical properties of a low-carbon steel with quenching and partitioning process

We present a study concerning Fe–0.176C–1.31Si–1.58Mn–0.26Al–0.3Cr (wt%) steel subjected to a quenching and partitioning (Q&P) process. The results of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and tensile tests demonstrate that the microstructures primarily consist of lath martensite, retained austenite, lower bainite (LB), and a small amount of tempered martensite; moreover, few twin austenite grains were observed. In the microstructure, three types of retained austenite with different sizes and morphologies were observed: blocky retained austenite (~300 nm in width), film-like retained austenite (80–120 nm in width), and ultra- fine film-like retained austenite (30–40 nm in width). Because of the effect of the retained austenite/martensite/LB triplex microstructure, the specimens prepared using different quenching temperatures exhibit high ultimate tensile strength and yield strength. Furthermore, the strength effect of LB can partially counteract the decreasing strength effect of martensite. The formation of LB substantially reduces the amount of retained austenite. Analyses of the retained austenite and the amount of blocky retained austenite indicated that the carbon content is critical to the total elongation of Q&P steel.     

Nb及二次淬火对Q＆P钢组织性能的影响

主要对0.19C-1.52Si-1.53Mn-0.14Al-0.048Nb和0.19C-1.52Si-1.48Mn-0.15Al两种成分的钢进行了Q＆ P(quenching and partitioning)工艺处理,并研究二次淬火对Q＆ P钢组织性能的影响.结果表明:Nb的加入能够起到细晶强化和沉淀强化的效果,提高Q＆ P钢的综合性能.强塑积最高可达到25190MPa·%.二次淬火能够提高实验钢最终的马氏体含量,并大大提高钢的抗拉强度和屈服强度,降低了实验钢的应变硬化指数和总延伸率.若不采用二次淬火则会使实验钢的塑性大大提高,综合力学性能较高.     

航空轴承钢渗碳热处理组织演变行为研究

利用EPMA与XRD等实验方法对航空轴承钢在渗碳热处理过程中的微观组织演变行为进行定性及定量分析.结果表明:在渗碳淬火处理后,试样表层及次表层组织中有大量的碳化物及少量的残留奥氏体,其中碳化物为M₂₃C₆和M₆C.随着渗层深度的增加,碳化物含量减少,残留奥氏体含量增加.经过二次淬火处理后,奥氏体与马氏体中碳质量分数增加,使得淬火后残留奥氏体质量分数大幅度增加,在渗层0.1mm处达到22.7%.经过两次深冷与回火处理后,马氏体与奥氏体中碳质量分数降低,碳化物含量增加,渗层硬度提升.     

Evolution of carbides and carbon content in matrix of an ultra-high carbon sintered steel during heat treatment process

DTA, thermal expansion, XRD, and SEM were used to evaluate the effect of quenching temperature on the mechanical properties and microstructure of a novel sintered steel Fe-6Co-1Ni-5Cr-5Mo-1C. Lattice parameters and the mass fraction of carbon dissolved in the matrix of the steel quenched were investigated. It is discovered that the hardness of the steel increases with quenching temperature in the range of 840-900℃ and remains constant in the range of 900 to 1100℃. It decreases rapidly when the temperature is higher than 1100℃. The mass fraction of carbon dissolved in the matrix of the steel quenched at 840℃ is 0.38, but when the quenching temperature is increased to 1150℃, it increases to 0.98. The carbides formed during sintering are still present at grain boundaries and in the matrix of the steel quenched at low quenching temperatures, such as 840℃. When the quenching temperature is increased to 1150℃, most of the carbides at grain boundaries are dissolved with just a small amount of spherical M₂₃C₆ existing in the matrix of the quenched steel.     

初始组织形态对中碳钢温变形组织演变的影响

中碳钢温变形过程的组织演变包含铁素体动态回复、再结晶和渗碳体的析出球化等过程.采用Gleeble1500热模拟试验机研究了初始组织形态对含碳0.48%(质量分数)的中碳钢在温变形中上述复杂过程的影响.结果表明:初始组织为珠光体 先共析铁素体的试样在温加工变形中渗碳体层片发生了扭折、溶断到逐渐球化的过程,在铁素体回复再结晶的同时伴随着细小弥散的渗碳体颗粒从过饱和铁素体中析出,得到微米级铁素体晶粒和颗粒状渗碳体弥散分布的复相组织,但等轴状铁素体晶粒与弥散的渗碳体颗粒沿变形方向呈带状不均匀分布.温加工变形促进初始组织为马氏体的中碳钢中渗碳体析出和铁素体回复与再结晶.由于初始条件下碳的分布在微观尺度下相对均匀,变形后获得细小等轴铁素体与均匀分布颗粒状渗碳体的组织.     

高强度马氏体钢显微组织对腐蚀行为影响的研究进展

The high strength martensite steels are widely used in aerospace, ocean engineering, etc., due to their high strength, good ductility and acceptable corrosion resistance. This paper provides a review for the influence of microstructure on corrosion behavior of high strength martensite steels. Pitting is the most common corrosion type of high strength stainless steels, which always occurs at weak area of passive film such as inclusions, carbide/intermetallic interfaces. Meanwhile, the chromium carbide precipitations in the martensitic lath/prior austenite boundaries always result in intergranular corrosion. The precipitation, dislocation and grain/lath boundary are also used as crack nucleation and hydrogen traps, leading to hydrogen embrittlement and stress corrosion cracking for high strength martensite steels. Yet, the retained/reversed austenite has beneficial effects on the corrosion resistance and could reduce the sensitivity of stress corrosion cracking for high strength martensite steels. Finally, the corrosion mechanisms of additive manufacturing high strength steels and the ideas for designing new high strength martensite steel are explored.     

Effect of continuous annealing parameters on the mechanical properties and microstructures of a cold rolled dual phase steel

A cold rolled dual phase (DP) steel with the C-Si-Mn alloy system was trial-produced in the laboratory, utilizing a Gleeble-3800 thermal simulator. The effects of continuous annealing parameters on the mechanical properties and microstructures of the DP steel were investigated by mechanical testing and microstructure observation. The results show that soaking between 760 and 820℃ for more than 80 s, rapid cooling at the rate of more than 30℃/s from the quenching temperature between 620 and 680℃, and overaging lower than 300℃ are beneficial for the mechanical properties of DP steels. An appropriate proportion of the two phases is one of the key factors for the favorable properties of DP steels. If the volume fraction of martensite and, thereby, free dislocations are deficient, the tensile strength and n value of DP steels will decrease, whereas, the yield strength will increase. But if the volume fraction of martensite is excessive to make it become a dominant phase, the yield and tensile strength will increase, whereas, the elongation will decrease obviously. When rapid cooling rate is not fast enough, pearlite or cementite will appear, which will degrade the mechanical properties. Even though martensite is sufficient, if it is decomposed in high temperature tempering, the properties will he unsatisfied.     

Effect of microstructure on corrosion behavior of high strength martensite steel——A literature review

The high strength martensite steels are widely used in aerospace, ocean engineering, etc., due to their high strength, good ductility and acceptable corrosion resistance. This paper provides a review for the influence of microstructure on corrosion behavior of high strength martensite steels. Pitting is the most common corrosion type of high strength stainless steels, which always occurs at weak area of passive film such as inclusions, carbide/intermetallic interfaces. Meanwhile, the chromium carbide precipitations in the martensitic lath/prior austenite boundaries always result in intergranular corrosion. The precipitation, dislocation and grain/lath boundary are also used as crack nucleation and hydrogen traps, leading to hydrogen embrittlement and stress corrosion cracking for high strength martensite steels. Yet, the retained/reversed austenite has beneficial effects on the corrosion resistance and could reduce the sensitivity of stress corrosion cracking for high strength martensite steels. Finally, the corrosion mechanisms of additive manufacturing high strength steels and the ideas for designing new high strength martensite steel are explored.     

球墨铸铁中渗碳体球化的影响

The research aims to provide an alternative to austempering treatment of ductile cast iron with a simple and cost-effective heat-treatment process. This goal was accomplished by applying a simple one-step spheroidization heat treatment to the as-cast ductile iron, which would normally possess a coarse pearlitic microstructure to a significant extent. Spheroidization experiments involving isothermal holding below the lower critical temperature (A1) were conducted followed by standard mechanical testing and microstructural characterization for an experimental ductile iron. After improving the spheroidization holding time at a given temperature, the work shows that the ductility and toughness of an as-cast ductile iron can be improved by 90% and 40%, respectively, at the cost of reducing the tensile strength by 8%. Controlled discretization of the continuous cementite network in pearlitic matrix of the ductile iron is deemed responsible for the improved properties. The work also shows that prolonged holding time during spheroidization heat treatment leads to degradation of mechanical properties due to the inhomogenous microstructure formation caused by heterogeneous decomposition and cementite clustering in the material. The main outcome of this work is the demonstration of ductile cast iron’s necking behavior due to spheroidization heat treatment.     

Effect of spheroidization of cementite in ductile cast iron

The research aims to provide an alternative to austempering treatment of ductile cast iron with a simple and cost-effective heat-treatment process. This goal was accomplished by applying a simple one-step spheroidization heat treatment to the as-cast ductile iron, which would normally possess a coarse pearlitic microstructure to a significant extent. Spheroidization experiments involving isothermal holding below the lower critical temperature(A1) were conducted followed by standard mechanical testing and microstructural characterization for an experimental ductile iron. After improving the spheroidization holding time at a given temperature, the work shows that the ductility and toughness of an as-cast ductile iron can be improved by 90% and 40%, respectively, at the cost of reducing the tensile strength by 8%. Controlled discretization of the continuous cementite network in pearlitic matrix of the ductile iron is deemed responsible for the improved properties. The work also shows that prolonged holding time during spheroidization heat treatment leads to degradation of mechanical properties due to the inhomogenous microstructure formation caused by heterogeneous decomposition and cementite clustering in the material. The main outcome of this work is the demonstration of ductile cast iron's necking behavior due to spheroidization heat treatment.