Orientation of molecular interface dipole on metal surface investigated by noncontact atomic force microscopy

We investigated the orientations of interface dipole moments of individual non-planar titanyl phthalocyanine(TiOPc)molecules on Cu(111)and Cu(100)substrates using scanning tunneling microscope(STM)and noncontact atomic force microscope(NC-AFM).The dipole moment orientations corresponding to two different configurations of individual TiOPc molecules were determined unambiguously.The correlation between the actual molecular structures and the corresponding STM topographies is proposed based on the sub-molecular resolution imaging and local contact potential difference(LCPD)measurements.Comparing with the pristine substrate,the LCPD shift due to the adsorption of non-planar molecule is dependent on the permanent molecular dipole,the charge transfer between the surface and the molecule,and the molecular configurations.This work would shed light on tailoring interfacial electronic properties and controlling local physical properties via polar molecule adsorption.     

Synergetic enhancement of photoconductivity in oxotitanium phthalocyanine nanocrystalline/fluoronone-based azo/BAH composite photoreceptors

A simple method of liquid phase direct precipitation (LPDP) is employed to prepare oxotitanium phthalocyanine (TiOPc) nanoparticles. By encapsulation within casein coating, the TiOPc nanoparticles exhibit uniform and well-controlled particle sizes. The results of photoinduced discharge experiment demonstrates that the photoconductivity of the photoreceptors fabricated with TiOPc nanoparticles and fluoronone-based azo pigments as composite carrier generation materials was substantially enhanced. The photosensitivity has been improved three times as the TiOPc particle size decreased from 100 nm to 40 nm.     

叶片状CuO/BiVO4的合成及可见光催化性能研究

以Bi(NO3)3.5H2O和NH4VO3为原料,P123为表面活性剂,辅助水热法在反应液pH值为6,7,9和10时合成了4种CuO/BiVO4复合光催化剂。并采用X-射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品的晶相和形貌进行了表征。以亚甲基蓝作为降解物,研究了所制备样品的可见光催化活性。结果表明,pH=6时所制备的样品为单斜相BiVO4复合材料,具有叶片状形貌,其光催化活性最强;样品的降解率随着亚甲基蓝溶液的pH值增大而增大,当pH=10时,可见光照射120 min后,样品对初始溶度为20 mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液的降解率可达95%。     

表面修饰钴的SiO_2复合体制备及应用

以高比表面多孔型SiO2（比表面大于1000m2／g）为载体,用等体积浸渍法制得表面修饰钴的SiO2复合体．经XRD、电子能谱、TEM检测发现表面修饰组分钴在SiO2表面均匀担载,且复合体在丙烯还原一氧化氮的反应中表现出良好的催化活性．     

复合铌酸盐的合成和光催化活性的研究

利用光催化剂降解有机染料具有很好的应用前景,光催化材料在光催化反应中起着重要的作用,但是如何制备化学性质稳定、在可见光下具有高的催化活性的催化剂一直是人们探索的一个主题。以Ag2O、Nb2O5、Na2CO3为前驱物,经高温固相反应法合成了具有不同Na/Ag摩尔比的(AgNbO3)1-x(NaNbO3)x复合铌酸盐。采用X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射谱(UV-vis DRS)等方法对样品的结构和光谱响应特征进行了表征,以亚甲基蓝的降解反应为探针考察不同Na/Ag摩尔比的(AgNbO3)1-x(NaNbO3)x复合铌酸盐在可见光下的光催化活性。结果表明,由高温固相法合成出的复合铌酸盐的结构随着Na/Ag摩尔比的变化而变化,光谱响应特征随Na/Ag摩尔比的减小逐渐红移,而对亚甲基蓝的降解性能随Na/Ag呈规律性变化,其中(AgNbO3)0.6(NaNbO3)0.4复合铌酸盐呈现最好的光催化活性。     

不同形状的氧化石墨烯-金纳米粒子对对硝基苯酚的表面增强拉曼活性特性分析

通过种子生长法合成了不同形态的金纳米粒子,之后加入至氧化石墨烯水分散液中超声震荡得到不同形状的氧化石墨烯-金纳米粒子复合物。运用扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、拉曼光谱等表征手段,探究复合物的表面结构、结合能与电荷状态,通过对对硝基苯酚的检测以表征其拉曼活性,并分析造成不同增强效果的原因。结果表明,氧化石墨烯-金纳米粒子复合物表现出良好的表面增强拉曼活性,可以成功地检测到10^-5 mol/L的对硝基苯酚,且复合物的表面增强拉曼活性因金粒子的形状不同而有所差异。     

Wet spinning of PVA composite fibers with a large fraction of multi-walled carbon nanotubes

PVA composites fibers with a large fraction of multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified by both covalent and non-covalent functionalization were produced by a wet-spinning process.Model XQ-1 tensile tester,thermogravimetric analysis,scanning electron microscopy,differential scanning calorimetry,and wide-angle X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the properties of PVA/MWNT composite fibers.The TGA results suggested that MWNTs content in composite fibers were ranged from 5.3 wt%to 27.6 wt%.The mechanical properties of PVA/MWNT composite fibers were obviously superior to pure PVA fiber.The Young's modulus of composite fibers enhanced with increasing the content of MWNTs,and it rised gradually from 6.7 GPa for the pure PVA fiber to 12.8 GPa for the composite fibers with 27.6 wt%MWNTs.Meanwhile,the tensile strength increased gradually from 0.39 GPa for the pure PVA fiber to 0.74 GPa for the composite fibers with 14.4 wt%MWNTs.Nevertheless,the tensile strength of the composite fibers decreased as the MWNTs content up to 27.6 wt%.SEM results indicated that the MWNTs homogeneously dispersed in the composite fibers,however some agglomerates also existed when the content of MWNTs reached27.6 wt%.DSC results proved strong interfacial interaction between MWNTs and PVA chain,which benefited composite fibers in the efficient stress-transfer.WXAD characterization showed that the orientation of PVA molecules declined from 94.1%to 90.9%with the increasing of MWNTs content.The good dispersibility of MWNTs throughout PVA matrix and efficient stress-transfer between MWNTs and PVA matrix may contributed to significant enhancement in the mechanical properties.     

Structure and properties of solid-state synthesiz ed poly (3,4-propylenedi oxythiophene) /nano-ZnO composite

Poly（3,4-propylenedioxythiophene）/nano-Zinic Oxide（PProDOT/ZnO） composites with the content of 3-7 wt%nano-ZnO were synthesized by the solid-state method with FeCl₃ as oxidant.The structure and morphology of the composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared（FTIR）spectroscopy,ultraviolet-visible（UV-vis） absorption spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction（XRD） and transmission electron microscopy（TEM）.The electrochemical performances of the composites were investigated by galvanostatic charge-discharge,cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS）.The photocatalytic activities of the composites were investigated by the degradation of methylene blue（MB） dyes in aqueous medium under UV light irradiation.The results from FTIR and UV-vis spectra showed that the PProDOT/ZnO composites were successfully synthesized by solid-state method,and nano-ZnO had great influences on the conjugation length and oxidation degree of the polymers.Furthermore,the PProDOT/5 wt%ZnO had the highest conjugation and oxidation degree among the composites.The results of XRD analysis indicated that there were some FeCl₄^- ions as doping agent in the PProDOT matrix,and the content of ZnO had no effect on diffraction pattern of PProDOT.Morphological studies revealed that the pure PProDOT and composites had similar morphological structure,and all the composites displayed an irregular sponge like morphology.The results of electrochemical tests showed that the PProDOT/5 wt%ZnO had a higher electrochemical activity with a specific capacitance value of 220 F g^-1 than others.The results from photocatalytic activities of the composites indicated that the PProDOT/5 wt%ZnO had better photocatalytic activity than other composites.     

生物模板法制备高性能Co/ZnO太阳光催化剂

为了提高太阳光的光催化效率,以二水合乙酸锌、六水合硝酸钴为原料,以竹纤维为模板,采用浸渍-热转化制备了钴掺杂摩尔分数为0%～4.0%的Co/ZnO复合材料.利用X-射线衍射、扫描电镜、热重分析对复合材料的结构、形貌和物相等进行表征.在太阳光的照射下,使用亚甲基蓝评价复合材料的光催化活性,探究前驱物煅烧时间及钴掺杂量对Co/ZnO催化剂光催化性能的影响.结果表明:当钴掺杂摩尔分数为2.0%时,浸泡2 h获得的前驱物经过600 ℃煅烧2 h制成的Co/ZnO复合材料对亚甲基蓝的降解效率最佳,降解率为91.29     

网络互穿金属/高分子复合材料的制备方法及性能研究进展

网络互穿金属/高分子复合材料(IMPC)是一种以三维多孔金属以及多孔高分子网络为主要成分的材料.不同于传统的金属纤维或颗粒增强复合材料,其金属相与高分子相在宏观与微观结构上都各自具有拓扑连续性的网络结构,且相互缠结和贯穿.这使得IMPC中的各相材料在保留自身特性的同时还可相互协同,取长补短,从而使复合材料发挥出更大的性能优势.本文主要概述了IMPC的制备方法及其性能的研究进展,指出了多孔结构的金属在增强金属/高分子复合材料中的优势,展望了IMPC在金属/高分子复合材料的发展前景.     

锂离子电池正极材料LiFePO4的制备及电化学性能研究

∶采用高温固相法合成LiFePO4锂离子电池正极材料,为提高LiFePO4材料的电化学性能,对其进行Ti4 掺杂改性.用XRD、SEM等测试手段对材料进行表征,并对以Li1-xTixFePO4(x=0,0.01,0.03,0.05)为正极的电池进行电化学性能测试.研究表明,掺杂过程中,掺杂离子能与LiFePO4形成晶格完整、有序的单相固溶体;少量的掺杂离子还可以提高材料的电导率和电化学性能,特别是大电流放电性能,其中Li0.97Ti0.03FePO4性能最优,以0.2C5放电,首次放电质量比容量为132.0 mA.h/g,50次循环后仍保持为131.5 mA.h/g.     

Co-Mn 金属有机骨架衍生的双金属硫化物及其在锂离子电池负极材料中的应用

介绍了一种通过简单的室温搅拌合成具有多孔结构的 Co-Mn 金属有机框架(metal-organic-framework, MOF)材料的方法, 并对制备的双金属 MOF 进行气相硫化, 得到多孔 CoS介绍了一种通过简单的室温搅拌合成具有多孔结构的Co-Mn金属有机框架(metalorganic-framework,MOF)材料的方法,并对制备的双金属MOF进行气相硫化,得到多孔CoS_2/MnS双金属复合材料.与相同方法制备的单金属MnS与CoS2材料对比发现,CoS_2/MnS双金属复合材料表现出了类似花瓣状的多孔片状结构以及更小的粒径,在作为锂离子电池电极材料使用时表现出了最好的储锂性能.这主要归因于类花瓣状的多孔结构:一方面为锂离子提供了更短的传输路径以及更多的接触位点;另一方面也缓解了材料锂化/去锂化过程的体积变化.此外,两种金属硫化物的有机结合也抑制了材料在循环过程中由于体积变化而导致的容量快速衰减.最后,MOF有机配体衍生的碳骨架也为增强材料的导电性起到了积极的作用.     

Synthesis of PCL/MWCNT by One-Pot with Microwave-Assistant and Its Mechanical Properties

Polycaprolactone/multi-walled carbon nanotubes nano composite (PCL/MWCNT) was synthesized by a one-pot process with microwave-assistance. The fractured structures, crystalline behaviors and thermal properties of the nanocomposites were investigated with an electronic microscope, an X-ray diffraction device, an infrared spectroscopy, and a differential scanning calorimeter, respectively. A universal testing machine was used to study the mechanical properties of the composites. The results showed that when the content of MWCNT was 0.3 % (m/m), the tensile strength and elongation at break reached the maximum values, and increased from 7.5 MPa and 125 % of neat PCL to 14.8 MPa and 387 %, respectively. With an increase of the MWCNT content, the Young’s modulus continuously increased from 121.5 MPa of PCL to 285.6 MPa. When the MWCNT content was 0.5 % (m/m), the Young’s modulus was ca. 1.4 fold over that of neat PCL, indicating that the addition of MWCNT resulted in simultaneous enhancement of strength, toughness and modulus remarkably.     

MNi4.8Sn0.2（M=La, Nd）-supported multi-walled carbon nanotube composites as hydrogen storage materials

Two composites LaNi4.8Sn0.2/CNTs and NdNi4.8Sn0.2/CNTs were prepared by an impregnation-reduction method. Their hydrogen storage capacity could reach up to 2.96 wt% and 2.88 wt% respectively at room temperature and 1.0 MPa pressure. These values, which might result from the synergetic effect between the alloy nanoparticles and the pretreated CNTs, were three times higher than those of the unsupported MNi4.8Sn0.2 (M=La, Nd) alloys under the same conditions. XRD and TEM revealed that the alloy particles were uniformly dispersed on the CNTs and the average particle size was ca. 30 nm. The composites also showed good stability and the hydrogen storage capacity decreased by less than 6% after 100 adsorption-desorption cycles. Moreover, no noticeable change in crystalline structure was observed for the composites.     

NiTi薄膜对压电陶瓷材料阻尼性能的影响

采用磁控溅射法在压电陶瓷（PZT）基体上沉积形状记忆合金NiTi薄膜,经过600 °C晶化而制备出PZT/NiTi异质复合阻尼材料,采用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜等观察分析复合阻尼材料的物相组成及异质间的结合状态,并用相位法评价复合材料的阻尼性能.结果表明,PZT/NiTi异质复合阻尼材料的阻尼性能与PZT类似,但在频率为1.1~1.2 kHz时,其内耗曲线中出现了一个稳定平台.     

2，7－二甲基喹啉与H3PMo12-nWnO40*mH2O电荷转移盐的合成、表征和非线性光学性质

合成了一系列由钨钼混配杂多酸H3PMo12-nWnO40.mH2O(n=0,1,3,9,11,12)和2,7－二甲基喹啉形成的分子组成为[DMQH]3PMo12-nWnO40的电荷转移盐,并用元素分析,红外光谱,电子光谱进行了表征,结果显示在固体盐中阴离子和有机阳离子之间存在强的相互作用,光照下阴阳离子之间可以发生电荷转移,导致阳离子的氧化和阴离子的还原,非线性光学性质研究表明,随着化合物分子内钨取代数的增多,化合物倍尖效应增强,三阶线性系数增大。     

距离调控纳米多孔金表面增强荧光特性

通过调控纳米多孔金(NPG)基底与荧光分子之间的距离,系统研究了其表面增强荧光特性.利用物理气相沉积方法在NPG表面沉积二氧化硅薄膜,通过调整二氧化硅的厚度来控制NPG与荧光分子之间的距离,系统研究了NPG孔径尺寸以及与荧光分子之间距离对其表面增强荧光(SEF)特性的影响.由于多孔金具有纳米级多孔结构,其表面等离子体能够通过分子附近局域电场的增强使分子的激发光场得到增强,从而提高分子的激发强度和效率;当荧光分子与多孔金表面存在一定距离时,通过与光子之间的共振耦合作用,表面等离子体能够增强多孔金周围电磁场,实现荧光增强.通过研究发现,NPG孔径为36nm、表面二氧化硅厚度为20nm时,表面组装的罗丹明6G荧光分子的荧光强度得到最大增强.     

羟基磷灰石/聚己内酯生物复合材料的制备及其生物活性

以聚己内酯(PCL)为基底、羟基磷灰石(HA)为增强剂,采用溶液浇铸法制备HA/PCL复合材料,考察了浸渍于模拟体液(SBF)中的复合材料生物活性,并用X衍射(XRD)和傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT IR)对材料的结构和组成进行表征。结果表明:HA/PCL(wHA=0.30)复合材料在SBF中浸渍14 d后,即在其表面形成一层弱结晶的碳磷灰石(CHA)覆盖层,显示良好的生物活性。     

ZrO2(3Y)增韧增强WC-20%Co金属陶瓷复合材料

采用热等静压真空烧结工艺制备了不同含量ZrO2(3Y)/WC-20%Co金属陶瓷复合材料.对复合材料进行了硬度、抗弯强度和冲击韧性等力学性能测试,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了微观组织及冲击断口成分,用X射线衍射定量分析计算了力学性能试验前后t→m相变量.实验表明:ZrO2(3Y)在WC-20%Co基体中呈球形,均匀分布在Co相和WC相中,该复合材料抗弯强度和冲击韧性明显提高,硬度指标提高不明显.     

配位溶解沉淀法制备纳米Y-酞菁氧钛

采用路易斯酸配合溶解沉淀法制备了纳米级Y型酞菁氧钛(Y-TiOPc)，讨论了路易斯酸及有机溶剂种类的筛选，考察了反溶剂的种类、转晶时间等因素对晶型和粒径大小的影响。结果表明，TiOPc原料与FeCl₃可形成配合物溶解于二氯甲烷中，同时二氯甲烷又可作为晶型调节剂。反溶剂为H₂O时，转晶12h得到粒径在100~600nm的Y-TiOPc。反溶剂中加入乙酸(V(H₂O)/V(CH₃COOH)=3∶7)后，转晶5h可以得到粒径为40nm的Y-TiOPc，其在780~800nm波长处具有宽吸收峰，可适用于激光打印机。