印度块菌粗多糖的提取及抗氧化活性研究

采用正交试验研究了热水浸提法提取印度块菌(Tuberindicum Cooke&Massee)子实体粗多糖(TICP)的最优工艺,根据方差分析结果确定了热水浸提法的最优工艺为:料液比1∶15,提取时间120 min,提取温度100℃,提取2次,多糖提取率为6.790 2%.用95%乙醇对粗多糖进行醇沉,然后利用总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)测定法、羟基自由基(OH.)清除法、铁离子螯合能力及测定还原能力等方法对上述印度块菌粗多糖的抗氧化活性进行评价,结果显示块菌粗多糖对羟基自由基的清除活性最高,其EC50值为0.26 mg/mL,其次为还原能力和铁离子螯合能力,其EC50值分别为1.15 mg/mL、2.80 mg/mL,同时块菌粗多糖具有较好的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC),当浓度为20 mg/mL时,其总抗氧化能力为72.06 U/mL.     

海南石莼多糖的提取与分离及其结构性质的初步研究

在碱性条件下,从海南石莼中提取了石莼粗多糖,并对其进行了醇沉纯化,同时,对其多糖总糖、蛋白质、糖醛酸、硫酸基的含量进行了测定,并分析了多糖的结构,结果表明:在碱性条件下更有利于ULP的溶解;当料液比过高时会导致后续处理中多糖的流失,从而降低多糖产率;在碱液条件下,过长处理时间会导致多糖降解;石莼粗多糖的提取温度以70~90℃为宜.正交实验表明:石莼粗多糖的最佳提取工艺为:Na OH溶液的质量分数为2%,料液比为1∶80,在90℃恒温水浴5 h后再在90℃超声1 h,其提取率达17.57%.此外,检测了石莼多糖的理化性质,测定了其分子质量和纯度,并对其进行了红外光谱分析、元素分析以及表面活性测试.     

大黄橐吾水溶性多糖的初步纯化及清除自由基活性研究

为合理利用大黄橐吾提供一定依据,对大黄橐吾多糖进行提取分离纯化.大黄橐吾经热水浸提,乙醇沉淀得到大黄橐吾粗多糖.粗多糖经凯氏定氮法测得蛋白质含量为14.02%,苯酚-硫酸法测得多糖中糖含量为23.41%,硫酸-咔唑法测半乳糖醛酸含量为35.16%.粗多糖经Sevage法和酶法联合脱蛋白,得初步纯化的多糖.纯化多糖经红外吸收光谱分析,初步断定其官能团的存在及其所处状态.对大黄橐吾多糖进行清除自由基活性研究,结果表明大黄橐吾多糖对超氧阴离子自由基和羟自由基具有明显的清除效果,且初步纯化后多糖的清除效果比粗多糖好.     

酚系树脂的热稳定性

本文介绍在5,10,12℃/分的升温速度下,在氮气氛中,对用焦化粗酚与甲醛合成的粗酚醛树脂及苯酚醛树脂所进行的热失重及热分解试验。结果表明,由于粗酚醛树脂中引入较多的羟基,使热分解开始温度及最大气体析出温度都比苯酚醛树脂低,且析出的气体量较多;随着升温速度的增加,最大气体析出温度提高。文中根据两种树脂的热失重曲线,作出了它们的热解反应级数及热解时的活化能。     

白及块茎与须根多糖提取及止血作用研究

目的:比较白及须根与块茎粗多糖中多糖含量和体外凝血实验结果,为开发白及新的药用部位,质量控制及应用研究提供依据.方法:以水提醇沉法提取白及粗多糖;采用苯酚硫酸法测定其多糖含量;云南白药为阳性对照,通过大鼠体外凝血实验,比较分析白及须根与块茎粗多糖体外凝血时间差异.结果:白及块茎粗多糖得率及多糖含量大于白及须根;两者体外...     

超声波萃取和酶解法提取大杯蕈多糖的比较

利用超声波萃取法（MAE）和酶解法提取大杯蕈粗多糖,确定了最优提取工艺条件为：料液比1：30,温度40℃,在功率500W的超声波下处理60min后获得最大的多糖得率为13.48%;而将料液比1：25的试样于80℃水浴下浸提时间1h后,再加入5%的果胶酶,在45℃、pH4.5的条件下酶解0.5h后,可获得19.08%的粗多糖。进一步将酶解法和MAE法及传统的热水浸提法进行比较,结果显示,酶解法优于MAE法和热水浸提法,是超声波法的1.4倍,热水浸提法的1.8倍,而提取时间却大大缩短了,该法具有高效、节能、省时的优点。     

甘西鼠尾草水溶性多糖提取工艺的优化及体外抗氧化活性测定

本文利用超声波辅助水提醇沉法提取甘西鼠尾草粗多糖,应用单因素和Box-Behnken响应面法进行提取工艺优化.对甘西鼠尾草粗多糖进行脱色素、脱蛋白处理得到初步纯化多糖,并对粗多糖和初步纯化多糖进行体外抗氧化活性的测定.结果表明,甘西鼠尾草粗多糖的最佳提取条件为:液料比31:1 m L/g、提取时间2. 7 h、提取温度75℃、超声波功率300 W.在此条件下,甘西鼠尾草粗多糖的提取率为6. 568%,与预测值基本一致.清除自由基实验表明,在一定浓度范围内,对·OH自由基清除活性最高清除率达64. 34%;对DPPH清除活性最大清除率达83%.     

温度对灰兜巴粗多糖提取率的影响

目的:研究不同提取温度(60、70、80、90、100℃)对灰兜巴粗多糖(HDB-P)提取率的影响.方法:在料液比1:10、提取时间1.5 h、提取次数3次,不同提取温度的条件下,通过水提醇沉法提取灰兜巴粗多糖,硫酸苯酚法检测多糖含量.结果:灰兜巴粗多糖含量与吸光度在10-90 μg/ml范围内线性关系良好,线性回归方程为y=0.0069x+0.0996,线性相关系数为0.9953.当提取温度低于90℃时随着温度提高多糖提取率增加,当超过90℃时反而降低.结论:在提取温度为90℃时灰兜巴多糖提取率最高.     

皱盖假芝深层发酵液多糖提取工艺优化研究

研究了皱盖假芝深层液体发酵液多糖提取的工艺条件.用正交试验的方法对皱盖假芝深层液体发酵液粗多糖提取工艺条件进行优化,研究了温度、时间、酸碱条件对其的影响.确定了皱盖假芝深层液体发酵液粗多糖提取的最适条件为:温度80 ℃,盐酸浓度0.3 mol/L,时间2 h.     

毛木耳多糖提取工艺的研究

本实验对毛木耳子实体粗多糖(APP)提取工艺进行了研究,实验表明:提取的最佳条件是热水浸提的料液比为1:40、pH值为6、浸提温度为70℃、浸提时间为5h,此时多糖的提取率为28.237%,Sevage法除蛋白时氯仿与正丁醇的体积比为5:1,样液与Sevage试剂的体积比为4:1时蛋白脱除率较高、多糖损失率较低,此时蛋白脱除率为74.75%,粗多糖含量为38.97%.然后经DEAE-52纤维素离子交换柱层析脱色,SephadexG-200柱层析进一步分离纯化.为毛木耳多糖的开发利用奠定了基础.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to