二次受力条件下增大截面加固梁的试验研究

通过试验研究了二次受力条件下增大受拉区截面加固的梁的力学性能，主要考虑了增大截面的高度和初始荷载两个主要影响因素，对比分析了梁的极限荷载、荷载-挠度曲线及钢筋的应变变化。研究结果表明：采用增大截面法加固可有效提高梁的极限承载力和刚度，其极限荷载受初始荷载等级的影响较小，其荷载-挠度曲线包括混凝土开裂、上下层纵向受拉钢筋先后屈服及梁的破坏四个阶段。最后，认为二次受力条件下增大截面加固梁在实际使用中应避免产生过大的变形。     

公路早期部分预应力混凝土T梁腐蚀疲劳性能试验分析

我国早期建造、处于腐蚀环境的在役公路预应力混凝土T梁桥面临严峻的腐蚀疲劳问题.为探讨此类桥梁的腐蚀疲劳性能，基于上世纪80年代公路部分预应力混凝土T梁标准图设计试验模型，开展特定钢绞线锈蚀率(设计锈蚀率为10%)下不同疲劳荷载幅值的部分预应力混凝土T梁模型的弯曲疲劳试验，获得模型梁在循环荷载作用下的跨中挠度、梁底纵向钢筋和受压区混凝土应变、竖向裂缝宽度等的发展规律及疲劳寿命.试验结果表明：在钢绞线腐蚀较为严重时，模型梁的弯曲疲劳破坏特征为受腐蚀钢绞线发生无征兆的断丝破坏，且受压区混凝土未出现被压碎现象，破坏模式为脆性破坏；在钢绞线锈蚀率基本相同时，模型梁的受弯性能随着疲劳荷载幅值的增大而显著下降，且其疲劳寿命也随着疲劳荷载幅值的增大而急剧下降.基于应力-寿命(S-N)理论，提出钢绞线锈蚀后的部分预应力混凝土T梁的疲劳寿命预测公式，可用于初步评估钢绞线锈蚀后的部分预应力混凝土T梁的疲劳寿命.     

缓粘结部分预应力混凝土梁等幅疲劳性能试验研究

自行研制配制出满足后张法有粘结预应力混凝土的缓凝砂浆.根据12根缓粘结部分预应力混凝土梁静载以及等幅疲劳荷载作用下的试验结果,得到了钢筋和混凝土的应变增量、梁的裂缝宽度和挠度随重复荷载循环次数的增加而增长的规律,及部分预应力混凝土梁的疲劳破坏始于非预应力钢筋的疲劳断裂的结论.缓粘结部分预应力混凝土梁与同条件下通过灌浆浇筑的部分预应力混凝土梁相比,疲劳寿命较高.建议了预应力损失的计算公式和部分预应力混凝土梁疲劳验算的计算公式,对试验梁进行了结构静力计算和疲劳验算,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好.     

钢筋混凝土梁长期荷载下挠度近似计算方法

长期荷载作用下钢筋混凝土梁的挠度受荷载、混凝土收缩及徐变等多种因素影响,其变形是非线性的。本文用梁开裂后的“平均”截面,提出了近似计算方法。求解变形时,受压区取“平均”截面中的２／３面积,并考虑应力均匀分布,受拉区考虑了钢筋对混凝土变形的约束作用。     

高应变强化超高性能混凝土T形梁抗弯承载力

为探究配筋高应变强化T形超高性能混凝土(UHPC)梁的抗弯承载力计算方法,对5根梁试件进行了三分点加荷纯弯试验,试件变化参数为配筋率和配筋强度.绘制了钢筋与高应变强化UHPC的荷载-挠度曲线,将T形梁破坏过程分成3个阶段:弹性阶段、裂缝发展阶段、持荷至破坏阶段.与普通混凝土梁不同的是,在高应变强化UHPC梁体达到极限承载力时,受拉区UHPC对抗弯承载力有贡献作用;同时,受压区UHPC应力-应变依然为线性关系.在考虑受拉区UHPC开裂后抗拉强度的基础上,提出了受拉区UHPC等效矩形应力系数,在平截面假定基础上推导出了配筋高应变强化T形UHPC梁抗弯承载力计算公式,并与国外提出的计算方法进行对比,分析各计算方法的准确性.结果表明,所提出方法的计算值与试验值有较高的吻合度,可为配筋高应变强化T形UHPC梁理论分析和设计提供参考.     

智能CFRP加固RC梁荷载效应模拟与测评

将布拉格光栅光纤（FBG）传感器固化于碳纤维复合材料（CFRP）试件中,构成智能CFRP,试验结果表明：FBG传感器与CFRP相容性良好;FBG传感器与传统电阻应变片具有理想线性关系,FBG的应变传感特性精确稳定．制备4根CFRP加固RC实验梁,并在受拉钢筋、压区混凝土及底部加固CFRP中预置了FBG传感器．根据FBG传感原理、钢筋混凝土理论和Ansys有限元软件编制RC梁荷载效应模拟程序．对实验梁进行弯曲加载实验．根据置入CFRP中FBG传感器的监测应变值,应用有限元模拟计算程序得到梁实时模拟荷载及诸项荷载效应模拟值．结果表明：受拉钢筋与压区混凝土实时模拟应变与传感器实测应变相符合,模拟挠度与实测挠度也相符合,模拟实时荷载与实际荷载基本一致．从而达到集加固与测评双重功能于一体的目的。     

双向张拉索-混凝土结构静力分析

结合张弦梁的结构特点,对双向张拉索-混凝土结构进行静力分析.对双向张拉索-混凝土结构与普通混凝土井字梁在极限荷载与重力荷载分别作用下的位移,应力与裂缝情况,进行对比与分析.结果表明:双向张拉索-混凝土的跨中挠度、承载力都有提高；跨中裂缝减少；受拉钢筋最大应力值减小等.     

复合加固钢筋混凝土梁抗弯性能试验

对7根钢筋混凝土梁拉区粘贴CFRP,压区粘贴角钢,分析不同加固量和不同加固历史对钢筋混凝土梁抗弯性能的影响;绘制受拉钢筋、CFRP的应力-应变曲线及荷载-挠度曲线。结果表明:CFRP与角钢加固的试验梁极限承载力提高明显,同时,外部加固材料可有效延迟或抑制试件裂缝的开展;对持荷加固和卸荷加固的钢筋混凝土梁,加固材料存在不同程度的应变滞后,且卸荷加固梁的CFRP、角钢利用率明显优于不卸荷加固梁;试验得到的极限承载力计算结果与试验值吻合较好。     

应力状态对RC梁混凝土碳化损伤及承载力的影响

为研究应力状态对钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete,RC)梁碳化损伤及承载力的影响规律,制作了7根RC梁进行加速碳化环境与荷载耦合作用试验研究。将RC梁放入环境箱中,进行三点弯曲静力持荷条件下的7 d、14 d、28 d加速碳化试验,得到不同持荷时间下的RC梁受拉、受压不同区域的混凝土碳化深度,进一步开展加速碳化作用、加速碳化与荷载耦合作用后的RC梁三点弯曲试验,探讨应力状态时碳化深度对RC梁极限承载力的影响机制。结果表明:通过对RC梁受压、受拉区的混凝土碳化深度分析,发现压应力状态会抑制碳化反应的进行,而拉应力状态会促进碳化反应的进行,28 d后受拉区混凝土碳化深度比受压区增加了34.7%。混凝土碳化损伤导致抗压强度降低、钢筋锈蚀影响了试验梁的极限承载力,加速碳化作用28 d后RC梁的极限承载力下降了10.7%,加速碳化与荷载耦合作用28 d后RC梁的极限承载力下降了14.9%。     

连续宽箱组合梁桥混凝土桥面板的疲劳损伤度

以杭州九堡大桥北引桥工程为背景,在已知疲劳设计车辆荷载模型的基础上,利用有限元法计算了车辆荷载下组合梁桥桥面板局部钢筋的应力历程.根据预测交通量,采用雨流法,换算得到了桥面板钢筋的应力谱,并用累计损伤准则得到了钢筋的疲劳损伤.对各车道在车轮局部荷载作用下钢筋的等效应力幅进行了对比,找到了最不利的车道受力位置,并对重车比例对混凝土桥面板的疲劳损伤的影响进行了比较.分析结果表明:如果仅按照静力标准设计,连续宽箱组合梁桥桥面板在100年设计使用期内出现疲劳破坏的可能性很大,设计时应充分考虑疲劳的影响,慢车道位置的合理布置以及减少重车的比例对桥面板的疲劳性能有显著的提高.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to