添加元素对反应烧结碳化硅导电特性的影响

研究了Ni、Mo和Al元素对反应烧结碳化硅导电特性的影响．试样通过室温、高温电阻率的测定和显微组织分析,可知在室温与高温下,加入Ni、Mo和Al均可明显降低反应烧结碳化硅的电阻率,随着Ni、Mo和Al加入量的增加,碳化硅的室温电阻率也下降．其中,Ni、Mo对反应烧结碳化硅电阻率的影响比Al大．在烧结过程中,Ni、Mo分别与液态Si反应,并在碳化硅粒子界面处生成Ni     

反应烧结碳化硅的显微组织

对不同生坯进行硅化处理后得到的反应烧结碳化硅的显微组织进行了研究。结果表明：选用α－ＳｉＣ＋Ｃ粉的混合物作为生坯，ＳｉＣ相的体积分数随生坯中ｗＣ的增加而增加，但过大的ＷＣ将使硅化后的试样出现残碳；选用碳毡作为毛坯，反应烧结碳化硅的显微组织特点是Ｃ／ＳｉＣ反应生成的碳化硅颗粒均匀细小，并呈线状分布在游离硅中，浸渍过树脂的碳毡硅化处理后的显微组织特点是反应生成的碳化硅颗粒粗大呈不均匀分布。Ｘ射线衍射结     

工艺参数对反应烧结碳化硅导电性的影响

对碳化硅颗粒尺寸,工艺参数与反应烧结碳化硅导电性的关系进行了研究,试验结果表明,随着碳化硅颗粒尺寸的减小,生坯成型压力增加,烧结气氛压力增大,碳化硅电阻率也增大,且烧结温度对电阻率的影响不大,同时,对不同烧结工艺下显微结构与电阻率的关系进行了分析讨论。     

碳纤维改性反应烧结碳化硅陶瓷组织及力学性能

针对传统反应烧结碳化硅陶瓷中由于残硅量过多而引起力学性能下降的问题,提出了一种有效降低组织中残硅量的方法。该方法使用不同体积分数的短碳纤维作为碳源,添加碳化硼促进液硅渗入,有效降低了组织中的残硅量,制备出一种力学性能优异的复合陶瓷。对碳纤维的反应机理、烧结体组织演变和力学性能变化进行了分析,实验结果表明:碳纤维作为碳源主要是以溶解-沉淀的形式与硅反应,最终组织中形成了纤维状残硅;当生成的次生碳化硅堵塞渗硅通道后,硅与碳纤维以扩散形式反应;在碳纤维自搭建的贯穿网状结构和碳化硼的双重作用下,当添加体积分数为30%的碳纤维时,抗弯强度最高为(482±12)MPa;当添加体积分数为40%的碳纤维时,残硅体积分数为1.6%,残硅相尺寸仅为纳米级,断裂韧性最高为(5.82±0.37)MPa·m~(1/2)。     

600碳化硅陶瓷的粉末注射成形及其导电特性

研究了碳化硅陶瓷的粉末注射成形工艺,分析了成形工艺及烧结助剂对其显微组织及力学性能的影响,探索了粉末注射成形碳化硅陶瓷的导电特性。以碳化硅为助剂的固相烧结温度为2100℃,脱脂坯烧结后具有最高的真实密度（3.12g/cm3）,相对密度达97.5%,烧结后试样由固相碳化硅组成,XRD及TEM能谱分析表明试样内部无残余氧化硅,制品晶粒平均尺寸小于1μm,室温弯曲强度达345MPa。采用直流电流电压测试方法,测定了粉末注射成形方法制得的SiC陶瓷在室温至800℃范围内的直流电导率。     

碳钢膏剂渗硅

本文描述了碳钢膏剂渗硅的工艺和理论。介绍了用金相、显微硬度,电子探针分析和X-射线结构分析等方法,测定渗硅层的组织结构及控制显微组织的工艺。在渗硅剂(组成:35—65%硅源粉、5%卤化物、30%防烧结剂)中加入比例大的卤化物,于1100—1180℃时对碳钢进行10—60分钟的膏剂渗硅,可得含硅量约为17.7%(重量)、厚度达0.18—1.2mm的渗层,其渗硅效率比气体法提高约一倍。氧化和腐蚀试验表明:渗硅层在750℃以下能有效地防止循环氧化;在40℃时能耐20%Ⅱ_?SO_4的腐蚀。此法操作简便,易于局部涂渗,渗层表面质量好。     

耐高温的精细陶瓷

日本日立制作所研制成功了一种在1600℃高温条件下仍能保持其强度的碳化硅陶瓷。这种陶瓷是在硅粉末里加上一种特殊的铝烧结剂,进行烧结而成的。在1600℃条件下,它的弯曲强度可达到100公斤/毫米~2,是过去精细陶瓷强度的两倍。这种精细陶瓷     

反应烧结碳化硅陶瓷内筒的损毁机制

以X射线衍射仪、扫描隧道电子显微镜、能量散射光谱仪等手段对在悬浮预热器内筒上使用前后的反应烧结碳化硅陶瓷进行分析,研究该陶瓷应用于悬浮预热器上的损毁机制。碳化硅陶瓷中残存金属硅和表面的碳化硅在高温使用工况下首先氧化成SiO2,SiO2在K2 O( g)、Na2 O( g)、KCl( g)、NaCl( g)等蒸气以及氯化物作用下黏度降低,形成覆盖于陶瓷表面的氧化层,继而被高速的气固流体冲蚀和磨损掉,并导致新的界面出现。如此循环,使碳化硅陶瓷的外侧逐渐变薄和断裂,直至损毁。提高陶瓷的致密性和降低残余硅含量是改进反应烧结碳化硅陶瓷在悬浮预热器中使用性能的有效途径。     

SiC电热元件制备工艺的优化

作为一种性能优良的电热元件,SiC具有极佳的力、热、电特性。通过对SiC电热元件制备工艺的研究,找出了最佳素烧温度和最佳烧结温度制度。通过测试最佳工艺条件下制品的密度、强度、电阻率,并利用XRD,SEM测试其晶体结构和微观形貌,分析了影响碳化硅电热元件电阻率和力学性能的工艺因素。结果表明:素烧温度在1000℃,保温30min,烧成温度在1980～2060℃时的试样强度最高,电阻率值也比较合理。     

放电等离子烧结TiAl基合金的显微组织及力学性能

以Ti-47.5Al-2.5V-1.0Cr合金粉末为原料,采用放电等离子烧结工艺制备出TiAl基合金,并研究了制备工艺、显微组织与室温力学性能三者的关系.结果表明,采用放电等离子烧结方法可制备出致密度高、组织均匀的TiAl基合金.烧结温度对合金的显微组织影响显著,且其室温力学性能与显微组织密切相关,显微组织越细小,室温强度和塑性越高.当烧结温度为1100℃时,制备出的TiAl-V-Cr合金显微组织类型为细小双态组织,具有35.2%的压缩率和3321MPa的断裂强度,显示出较好的室温压缩性能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the