锈蚀钢筋与混凝土粘结性能的梁式试验

通过梁式试验法研究了锈蚀对配箍钢筋混凝土构件粘结性能的影响,探讨了试件表面锈胀裂缝宽度和钢筋锈蚀率对极限粘结强度及钢筋自由端滑移量的影响规律.试验研究表明,钢筋混凝土梁表面纵向锈胀裂缝产生与否及其宽度大小,并不是影响配箍构件粘结性能的本质因素,它与粘结强度或滑移性能的相关性均不显著.锈蚀率对粘结性能有着重要影响,极限粘结强度和粘结刚度均随锈蚀率增加先增大后减小,但锈蚀率在5%以内时不会低于未锈蚀钢筋水平;达极限粘结强度时,钢筋自由端滑移量随锈蚀量增加明显减小,当锈蚀率为4.6%时滑移量仅为未锈蚀梁的17.6%.     

隧道衬砌锈蚀钢筋的热效应及红外检测方法

隧道衬砌受腐蚀环境、材料劣化以及地下水的影响,衬砌钢筋锈蚀将成为衬砌后期服役的主要病害之一,钢筋锈蚀以及产生的顺筋裂缝直接威胁衬砌的耐久性和安全性,为此,及时检测钢筋锈蚀程度十分重要。目前的检测方法以接触式测量为主,效率低,为探究非接触快速检测的可行性,采用室内试验和数值分析相结合的方法,深入研究了浅层钢筋锈蚀的热传导规律,分析了主动热激励条件下钢筋锈蚀程度和混凝土保护层厚度对衬砌表面温度场的影响规律。结果表明:主动热激励条件下锈蚀产物表面分布区在热像图中表现为高温区;钢筋锈蚀率为4.36%～23.16%时,衬砌表面温差为2.3℃～4.4℃;试件表面温差随钢筋锈蚀程度的增加而增大,呈现三次函数的关系;而混凝土保护层厚度与表面温差呈明显的负相关性,保护层厚度越大,温差越小。夏季时由于衬砌内外温差导致的热传导效应将在钢筋锈蚀位置的衬砌表面产生,通过红外热像仪检测衬砌表面的温度分布,结合衬砌表观特征,可以综合判定钢筋的锈蚀程度,为钢筋锈蚀的快速检测提供了新的方法和技术手段。     

纵向受拉钢筋锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁的抗剪性能

对纵向受拉钢筋锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁的抗剪性能展开实验研究.实验梁根数为12根,实验变量为纵向受拉钢筋锈蚀程度以及剪跨比(a/d),采用电化学加速法模拟纵向受拉钢筋锈蚀,并通过3点加载实验调查锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁的抗剪性能.实验结果表明,纵向受拉钢筋锈蚀导致的粘结退化会引起锈蚀梁的承载机制发生变化,最终影响到梁的抗剪承载力.具体表现在:锈蚀引起主斜裂缝向加载点移动,"拱机制"增强导致混凝土承担剪力增加,但和主斜裂缝相交的屈服箍筋数量减小导致"桁架机制"承担的剪力下降.上述承载机制迁移现象不仅与纵向受拉钢筋锈蚀程度有关,同时也受剪跨比的影响.     

铁路混凝土箱梁钢筋锈蚀后其挠度和 裂缝宽度取值研究

为了研究钢筋锈蚀下混凝土箱梁挠度和裂缝宽度的变化,基于梁截面平衡和变形协调,引入锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁非线性本构关系,建立了箱梁受弯挠度和裂缝宽度解析表达式。针对铁路简支箱梁算例,研究了混凝土性能退化和钢筋锈蚀对梁挠度和裂缝宽度的影响;并和铁路桥梁规范中挠度和裂缝宽度的规范值进行了对比分析。结果表明:混凝土性能的退化对梁挠度和裂缝宽度影响很小;锈蚀钢筋力学性能的退化和锈蚀黏结滑移对挠度和裂缝宽度具有较大影响。当锈蚀率小于1.5%时,挠度和裂缝宽度均小幅减小;当锈蚀率超过1.5%后,挠度和裂缝宽度随着锈蚀率的增加开始增大。针对规范中挠度和裂缝宽度公式,提出了锈蚀黏结滑移修正系数,修正后的规范值与解析解吻合良好。     

铁路混凝土箱梁钢筋锈蚀后其挠度和裂缝宽度取值

为了研究钢筋锈蚀下混凝土箱梁挠度和裂缝宽度的变化,基于梁截面平衡和变形协调,引入锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁非线性本构关系,建立了箱梁受弯挠度和裂缝宽度解析表达式。针对铁路简支箱梁算例,研究了混凝土性能退化和钢筋锈蚀对梁挠度和裂缝宽度的影响;并和铁路桥梁规范中挠度和裂缝宽度的规范值进行了对比分析。结果表明:混凝土性能的退化对梁挠度和裂缝宽度影响很小;锈蚀钢筋力学性能的退化和锈蚀黏结滑移对挠度和裂缝宽度具有较大影响。当锈蚀率小于1.5%时,挠度和裂缝宽度均小幅减小;当锈蚀率超过1.5%后,挠度和裂缝宽度随着锈蚀率的增加开始增大。针对规范中挠度和裂缝宽度公式,提出了锈蚀黏结滑移修正系数,修正后的规范值与解析解吻合良好。     

临海滩涂环境下混凝土中氯离子侵蚀破坏试验研究

混凝土的材料组成、工作环境等因素对其耐久性有很大的影响。通过对不同配合比、不同保护层厚度长期暴露于临海滩涂环境的钢筋混凝土试件表面裂缝规律、钢筋锈蚀程度、力学性能等方面的试验研究,表明:直接暴露于临海环境中的钢筋锈蚀最为严重;钢筋锈蚀越明显,其强度下降趋势越显著,锈蚀率越大,延性越低;混凝土保护层的厚度、裂缝宽度跟钢筋锈蚀之间是相互影响的,保护层厚度越小,裂缝宽度越大,钢筋锈蚀率越高,当裂缝宽度为小于或等于0.2mm的细微裂缝时,钢筋锈蚀率≤2%,当裂缝宽度0.5 mm时,钢筋锈蚀率与裂缝之间可能存在线性正向关系。     

水泥基材料裂缝对钢筋锈蚀过程的影响

裂缝的存在对混凝土中钢筋的锈蚀过程有重大影响,目前关于裂缝对钢筋锈蚀过程的影响程度有很多不同的观点.针对该问题,在实验室条件下利用模拟的海水氯盐环境对带裂缝的圆饼试验中铁丝的锈蚀过程进行了研究.研究首先将铁丝预埋入圆饼形砂浆试件,待试件具有一定强度后,利用机械方法在圆饼表面制造不同宽度的贯穿与非贯穿裂缝;然后通过比较裂缝底部暴露的铁丝表面和未暴露表面随时间的不同腐蚀程度来确定裂缝的存在对锈蚀过程的影响.研究表明:当贯穿裂纹的表面宽度为0.5mm时,锈蚀位置与裂缝位置的相关性大于60%;裂纹宽度为0.2mm时,两者的相关程度低于20%.     

运营越江隧道服役现状调查与检测评估

既有打浦路隧道在运营36年后,隧道结构目前正处于严重的老化阶段,由于隧道衬砌结构的混凝土劣化,接缝材料老化,钢筋和螺栓锈蚀,渗漏水以及隧道纵横向差异变形等已非常严重,对隧道的安全运营造成了严重隐患.基于此需要对隧道结构进行一次全面地检测与评估.从隧道结构服役性能出发,对既有打浦路隧道的历史资料及现状进行了较为详细的调查,给出了隧道结构的主要损伤因素,并制定了详细的隧道结构检测方案,包括检测的内容、数量、具体要求、检测方法等.通过对既有隧道渗漏状况以及隧道纵向的长期沉降情况的初步检测,发现对于直径10m左右的软土盾构隧道,纵向变形曲率半径小于35～40 km时产生的差异变形,易导致衬砌环向接头的张开度增大,引起渗漏,同时渗漏又导致隧道继续产生纵向不均匀变形,二者相互影响.最后给出了用于既有隧道结构损伤评估的宏观安全性模型和微观耐久性模型.     

锈蚀后钢筋混凝土梁的剪切疲劳试验

为研究钢筋锈蚀对钢筋混凝土梁的剪切疲劳寿命的影响,分别进行无锈蚀和锈蚀情况下钢筋混凝土梁的剪切疲劳对比试验。试验首先对钢筋混凝土梁进行通电加速锈蚀,使梁底面产生顺钢筋方向的锈蚀裂缝;当梁底面锈蚀裂缝宽度达到要求后,停止通电,进行疲劳加载试验。疲劳加载幅值约为无锈蚀梁的静承载力的55%。通过加载试验发现:随着锈蚀裂缝宽度的增加,梁的剪切疲劳性能会迅速衰减;试验中所有钢筋均未发生疲劳断裂。结果表明:当锈蚀损伤受弯钢筋和混凝土之间的粘结作用时,梁的疲劳性能会急剧衰减。     

钢筋锈蚀作用下盾构隧道结构损伤劣化性能

在长期的水土荷载和侵蚀性物质联合作用下,盾构隧道钢筋混凝土衬砌结构会经历腐蚀-损伤-劣化过程而逐渐失效,导致服役性能大幅降低。本文引入内聚力模型（CZM）及混凝土塑性损伤模型（CDP）,建立考虑钢筋混凝土间粘结滑移的盾构隧道衬砌锈蚀三维数值模型。综合考虑钢筋锈蚀引起的自身力学劣化、混凝土有效截面损失及钢筋混凝土粘结性能退化等因素,分析了围岩水土荷载和钢筋锈蚀耦合作用下衬砌结构形变、损伤演变规律和整体结构劣化特征。研究表明：1）锈蚀作用导致衬砌结构刚度降低,大大加深了衬砌结构的变形程度。锈蚀造成衬砌结构不同部位的刚度损失不同,反映了锈蚀作用下衬砌结构损伤的差异性。2）衬砌结构的围岩侧与临空侧损伤差异较大。相同锈蚀率下,衬砌受压侧受到挤压作用,限制裂缝的发展,导致受压侧损伤很小。3）在锈蚀过程中隧道衬砌结构拱顶弯矩不断减小,拱顶损伤不断加深,损伤区域逐渐扩展,截面刚度损伤最显著。4）衬砌结构自身性能不断劣化,出现内力重分布。衬砌结构的裂缝多出现在围岩侧。研究成果可为隧道衬砌结构服役性能的评估提供参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with