Phase modification and dielectric properties of a cullet-paper ash-kaolin clay-based ceramic

Novel ceramics from waste material made of (x) paper ash-(80-x) cullet-20 kaolin clay (10wt% ≤ x ≤ 30wt%) were successfully synthesized using a conventional solid-state reaction technique. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed the presence of Si, Ca, Al, and Fe in the waste material for preparing these ceramics. The influence of the cullet content on the phase structures and the dielectric properties of these ceramics were systematically investigated. The impedance spectra were verified in the range from 1 Hz to 10 MHz at room temperature. The phase of the ceramics was found to primarily consist of wollastonite (CaSiO₃), along with minor phases of γ-dicalcium silicate (Ca₂SiO₄) and quartz (SiO₂). The sample with a cullet content of 55wt% possessed the optimum wollastonite structure and exhibited good dielectric properties. An increase of the cullet content beyond 55wt% resulted in a structural change from wollastonite to dicalcium silicate, a decrease in dielectric constant, and an increase in dielectric loss. All experimental results suggested that these novel ceramics from waste are applicable for electronic devices.>     

Hydration mechanism of a cementitious material prepared with Si-Mn slag

A cementitious material was prepared by mixing 80wt% Si-Mn slag powder, 10wt% lime, and 10wt% anhydrite. The compressive strength of mortar samples reaches 51.48 MPa after 28 d curing. The analyses of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show that much ettringite is formed in the sample cured for 3 d, and C-S-H gel increases rapidly during subsequent curing. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of 29Si and 27Al and infrared spectroscopy (IR) analysis show that aluminum decomposition from tetrahedral network of the slag glass and its subsequent migration and re-combination play an important role in the process of hydration and strength development of the samples.     

新型复合电接触材料的开发研究

报导了一种新型电 研究开发成果。在目前普遍使用的银碳化钨－石墨体接触材料的基础上，添加适量的碳化钛，并采用化学包覆技术在添加物粉体的表面全量镀银制成Ａｇ８０（ＷＣ７０ＴｉＣ３０）１７Ｃ３（重量百分比）复合粉末，经粉末冶金工艺制成新型复合电接触材料。测试表明，该材料具有较好的综合性能，并较原有的银基复合电接触材料节银达５％。该材料已制成元件装配在开关上，并通过了开关试验，表明该材料已具有实用价值。     

A novel process for Fe recovery and Zn,Pb removal from a low-grade pyrite cinder with high Zn and Pb contents

Comprehensive utilization of pyrite cinders is increasingly important because of their huge annual outputs and potential valuable metals recovery to cope with the gradual depletion of high-grade mineral resources. In this work, a new process, i.e., a high-temperature chlorination-magnetizing roasting-magnetic separation process, was proposed for recovering Fe and removing Zn, Pb from a low-grade pyrite cinder containing 49.90wt% Fe, 1.23wt% Zn, and 0.29wt% Pb. Various parameters, including the chlorinating conditions (dosage of CaCl₂, temperature, and time) and the magnetization roasting conditions (amount of coal, temperature, and time) were investigated. The results indicate that the proposed process is effective for Fe recovery and Zn, Pb removal from the pyrite cinder. Through this process, 97.06% Zn, 96.82% Pb, and approximately 90% S can be removed, and 89.74% Fe is recovered as magnetite into the final product under optimal conditions. A purified magnetite concentrate containing 63.07wt% Fe, 0.16wt% P, 0.26wt% S, and trace amounts of nonferrous metals (0.005wt% Cu, 0.013wt% Pb, and 0.051wt% Zn) was obtained. The concentrate can be potentially used as a high-quality feed material for producing oxidized pellets by blending with other high-grade iron ore concentrates.     

碳浆油墨的制备及少量石墨烯对碳浆油墨性能的影响

以炭黑和环氧树脂分别为导电功能单元和连接剂,通过正交设计优化配方制备了碳浆油墨;并控制石墨烯和炭黑的配比制备了含少量石墨烯(占导电功能单元重量≤10wt%)的碳浆油墨。研究了石墨烯加入对碳浆油墨性能和结构的影响。研究表明,随着石墨烯的加入,油墨干膜电导率增加,石墨烯加入量约为5wt%达到最大,之后导电性下降。以未处理的PET为基材制备导电油墨薄膜,导电油墨干膜的状态和油墨干膜断口形貌分析证实石墨烯的加入使油墨干膜的力学性能明显提高,含石墨烯的碳浆油墨更具良好的粘接性和韧性。     

Effects of BN content on the mechanical properties of nanocrystalline 3Y-TZP/Al_2O_3/BN dental ceramics

3 Y-TZP/3 wt% Al_2O_3 powder was coated with varying amounts of BN using the urea and borate reaction sintering method, and then multiphase ceramics were prepared by hot pressing sintering. The micro-topography and the compositional analysis of synthesized ceramics were conducted through scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. A mechanical tester was used to analyze the Vickers hardness, fracture toughness, and bending strength of the synthesized ceramics. The results showed that the ceramic with a BN content of 12 wt% showed the best processability, but had diminished mechanical properties(such as fracture toughness and bending strength). The ceramic with a BN content of 9 wt% showed better processability than those with 3 wt% and 6 wt% BN. However, the fracture toughness was affected by the addition of 9 wt% BN, making this ceramic only usable as a base material for a three-unit fixed bridge. In contrast, the ceramics with a BN content of 3 wt% or 6 wt% fulfilled the criteria for use in multi-unit restoration, but their low processability made them unsuitable for milling after sintering.     

Dolochar as a reductant in the reduction roasting of iron ore slimes

The present investigation examines the viability of dolochar, a sponge iron industry waste material, as a reductant in the reduction roasting of iron ore slimes, which are another waste generated by iron ore beneficiation plants. Under statistically determined optimum conditions, which include a temperature of 900℃, a reductant-to-feed mass ratio of 0.35, and a reduction time of 30-45 min, the roasted mass, after being subjected to low-intensity magnetic separation, yielded an iron ore concentrate of approximately 64wt% Fe at a mass recovery of approximately 71% from the feed iron ore slime assaying 56.2wt% Fe. X-ray diffraction analyses indicated that the magnetic products contain magnetite and hematite as the major phases, whereas the nonmagnetic fractions contain quartz and hematite.     

广西金牙难浸金矿的工艺矿物学研究

为了给含砷金矿的提金工艺流程提供理论依据,对广西金牙金矿的矿石开展了工艺矿物学研究.该矿是典型的含砷难浸复杂金矿,矿石含Au为6.28 g/t,含Ag为1.37 g/t.As的质量分数为0.58%,S的质量分数为3.10%,C的质量分数为1.76%,其中有机碳的质量分数为0.21%.金精矿含Au为52.61 g/t,含Ag为6.00 g/t.As的质量分数11.32%,S的质量分数为29.32%,C的质量分数为0.35%.矿石中的主要金属矿物为毒砂、黄铁矿,其次有方铅矿、闪锌矿和黄铜矿等.载金矿物主要有毒砂、黄铁矿;金的赋存形态为次显微金;矿石的有害组分为砷、碳质和黏土矿物.含砷矿物是以毒砂、...     

Thermodynamic analysis and formula optimization of steel slag-based ceramic materials by FACTsage software

Using steel slag as a main raw material of ceramics is considered as a high value-added way. However, the relationship among the initial composition, ceramic microstructure, and macroscopic properties requires further study. In this paper, a series of ceramics with different slag ratios (0–70wt%) were designed, and the software FACTsage was introduced to simulate the formation of crystalline phases. The simulation results indicate that mullite is generated but drastically reduced at the slag ratios of 0–25wt%, and anorthite is the dominant crystalline phase in the slag content of 25wt%-45wt%. When the slag ratio is above 45wt%, pyroxene is generated more than anorthite. This is because increasing magnesium can promote the formation of pyroxene. Then, the formula with a slag content of 40wt% was selected and optimized. X-ray diffraction results were good consistent with the simulation results. Finally, the water absorption and bending strength of optimized samples were measured.     

Purification of specularite by centrifugation instead of flotation to produce iron oxide red pigment

This study used specularite, a high-gradient magnetic separation concentrate, as a raw material in reverse flotation.An iron concentrate with a grade of 65.1 wt% and a recovery rate of 75.31% were obtained.A centrifugal concentrator served as the deep purification equipment for the preparation of iron oxide red pigments, and its optimal rotating drum speed, feed concentration, and other conditions were determined.Under optimal conditions, a high-purity iron oxide concentrate with a grade of 69.38 wt% and a recovery rate of 80.89% were obtained and used as a raw material for preparing iron oxide red pigment.Calcining with sulfuric acid produced iron red pigments with different hues.Simultaneously, middlings with a grade of 60.20 wt% and a recovery rate of 17.51% were obtained and could be used in blast furnace ironmaking.High-value utilization of specularite beneficiation products was thus achieved.     

Effect of CeH_(2.29) on the microstructures and hydrogen properties of LiBH_4-Mg_2NiH_4 composites

A composite of LiBH4-Mg2NiH4 doped with 10wt% CeH2.29 was prepared by ball milling followed by dynamic interspace vacuum treatment at 573 K. The introduction of CeH2.29 caused a transformation in the morphology of Mg from complex spongy and lamellar to uniformly spongy, resulting in refined particle size and abundant H diffusion pathways. This LiBH4-Mg2NiH4 + 10wt% CeH2.29 composite exhibited excellent hydrogen storage properties. The starting temperature of rapid H absorption decreased to 375 K in the doped composite from 452 K for the unmodified material, and the onset decomposition temperature of its hydride was reduced from 536 K to 517 K. In addition, the time required for a hydrogen release of 1.5wt%(at 598 K) was 87s less than that of the un-doped composite.     

粘土-水泥复合材料的制备和力学性能

采用含有石英和长石成分的粘土,制备了粘土和水泥（5 wt%、7 wt%、9wt%）的新型复合材料。研究了其阿太堡界限、击实密度和最佳含水量、无侧限抗压强度(UCS)和水渗透系数。结果表明,含5 wt %水泥的复合材料被认为最适合某些建筑材料的应用,塑性指数为10.5%,最大干密度2.17 g/cm3和MP压实的最佳含水量为8% (浸润下没有发生膨胀),UCS为0.74 MPa,渗透系数低至7.4×10-11m/s。该复合材料可应用于建筑砖块、路基和路基施工。     

Effect of Ni on the corrosion resistance of bridge steel in a simulated hot and humid coastal-industrial atmosphere

The corrosion resistance of weathering bridge steels containing conventional contents of Ni (0.20wt%, 0.42wt%, 1.50wt%) and a higher content of Ni (3.55wt%) in a simulated hot and humid coastal-industrial atmosphere was investigated by corrosion depth loss, scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical methods. The results showed that, with increasing Ni content, the mechanical properties of the bridge steel were markedly improved, the welding parameters were satisfactory at room temperature, and the corrosion resistance was enhanced. When the Ni content was low (≤ 0.42wt%), the crystallization process of the corrosion products was substantially promoted, enhancing the stability of the rust layer. When the Ni content was higher (~3.55wt%), the corrosion reaction of the steel quickly reached a balance, because the initial rapid corrosion induced the formation of a protective rust layer in the early stage. Simultaneously, NiO and NiFe₂O₄ were generated in large quantities; they not only formed a stable, compact, and continuous oxide protective layer, but also strongly inhibited the transformation process of the corrosion products. This inhibition reduced the structural changes in the rust layer, thereby enhancing the protection. However, when the Ni content ranged from 0.42wt% to 1.50wt%, the corrosion resistance of the bridge steel increased only slightly.     

核-壳型含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物乳液的合成与表征

采用可聚合乳化剂(含双键的烷基醚硫酸盐,V-20S),以丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯(DFHM)为单体,通过半连续滴加法合成了稳定核-壳结构的含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物乳液.研究了合成工艺条件对共聚物乳液及共聚物膜表面性能的影响,得出合成共聚物乳液的最佳工艺条件为:BA/MMA的质量比为2,引发剂过硫酸胺(APS)、V-20S用量分别为单体总质量的0.5wt%和2.0wt%.TEM证实了共聚乳液的核-壳结构;当DFHM为总单体的20wt%时,共聚物样品膜经XPS测得表面的氟元素含量可达11.37%,且表面接触角达到91°.     

乙腈催化加氢

研制了高效乙腈加氢催化剂,详细考察了工艺条件的影响,在合适工艺条件下,乙腈的转化率接近100％产物中乙胺的量小于1％,三乙胺和二乙胺的比例可用改变工艺条件调节,从几乎100％到约33％;催化剂稳定性很好,乙腈中含水10％对结果无影响。该工艺是几乎不产生污染和的绿色技术。     

Comprehensive model for a slag bath in electroslag remelting process with a current-conductive mould

A mathematical model was developed to describe the interaction of multiple physical fields in a slag bath during electroslag remelting (ESR) process with a current-conductive mould. The distributions of current density, magnetic induction intensity, electromagnetic force, Joule heating, fluid flow and temperature were simulated. The model was verified by temperature measurements during remelting 12CrMoVG steel with a slag of 50wt%-70wt% CaF₂, 20wt%-30wt% CaO, 10wt%-20wt% Al₂O₃, and ≤ 10wt% SiO₂ in a 600 mm diameter current-conductive mould. There is a good agreement between the calculated temperature results and the measured data in the slag bath. The calculated results show that the maximum values of current density, electromagnetic force and Joule heating are in the region between the corner electrodes and the conductivity element. The characteristics of current density distribution, magnetic induction intensity, electromagnetic force, Joule heating, velocity patterns and temperature profiles in the slag bath during ESR process with current-conductive mould were analyzed.     

Structural,mechanical and corrosion properties of CNT-304 stainless steel nanocomposites

In this work, a systematic investigation was performed on the structural, mechanical and corrosion properties of CNT incorporated 304 stainless steel. Various concentrations of CNT from 0.5 to 4 wt% were incorporated into the 304 stainless steel matrix to investigate the feasibility of fabrication and enhancement of strength and other material properties. The fabrication of CNT-steel composite was achieved through a spark plasma sintering process at a sintering temperature of 800℃. Raman and morphological studies confirmed that the CNT structure was retained in the sintered pellets. Optimum performance was found at 0.5 wt% CNT giving a Vickers hardness of 351 Hv and compressive yield strength of 404 MPa which were 5.5 and 2.0 times, respectively, those of pristine steel. Corrosion studies with 3.5 wt% Na Cl solution revealed a slight increase in the corrosion rate for CNT dispersed samples.     

Feasibility of co-reduction roasting of a saprolitic laterite ore and waste red mud

Large scale utilization is still an urgent problem for waste red mud with a high content of alkaline metal component in the future. Laterite ores especially the saprolitic laterite ore are one refractory nickel resource, the nickel and iron of which can be effectively recovered by direct reduction and magnetic separation. Alkaline metal salts were usually added to enhance reduction of laterite ores. The feasibility of co-reduction roasting of a saprolitic laterite ore and red mud was investigated. Results show that the red mud addition promoted the reduction of the saprolitic laterite ore and the iron ores in the red mud were co-reduced and recovered. By adding 35wt% red mud, the nickel grade and recovery were 4.90wt% and 95.25wt%, and the corresponding iron grade and total recovery were 71.00wt% and 93.77wt%, respectively. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis results revealed that red mud addition was helpful to increase the liquid phase and ferronickel grain growth. The chemical compositions “CaO and Na₂O” in the red mud replaced FeO to react with SiO₂ and MgSiO₃ to form augite.     

催化剂白泥添加造孔剂制备多孔陶瓷材料

FCC催化剂生产过程会产生大量白泥,白泥组分以Al、Si为主,并含有一定重金属组分。如未能有效资源化利用,则不仅占用大量土地,还可能造成环境污染。本文以兰州石化FCC催化剂生产过程产生的白泥为原料,粘土为粘结剂,对比研究不同造孔剂性能,并采用正交实验优化制备工艺参数。实验结果表明,以淀粉作为造孔剂效果更佳;在实验条件下,最佳工艺参数为10wt%造孔剂、10wt%粘结剂、烧结温度950℃。此时制备的多孔陶瓷材料的气孔率为34.41%,抗压强度为14.76MPa。     

Effect of Pd doping on the acetone-sensing properties of NdFeO<Subscript>3</Subscript>

The acetone-sensing properties of the undoped and Pd doped perovskite-type oxides NdFeO₃ were investigated from room temperature to 400°C. The perovskite-type NdFeO₃ was synthesized by a sol-gel method, and the dopants Pd with the content from 1wt% to 5wt% were implanted into NdFeO₃ nanoparticles by thermal diffusion. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques show that NdFeO₃ is an orthorhombic structure with the average particle size of about 40 nm. A giant acetone-sensing response of 675.7 is observed when the Pd content in NdFeO₃ powders is about 3wt%. The response and recovery time of the sensor to the 5×10⁻⁴ acetone gas are 16 and 1 s, respectively. At the same time, it performs a good selectivity to acetone gas and may be a new promising material candidate for the acetone-sensor development.